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Effects of climate fluctuations on runoff in the headwater region of the Kaidu River in northwestern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第2期8卷 309-318页

作者： Zhongsheng chen yaning chen State key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of climate fluctuations on runoff in the headwater region of the Kaidu River in northwestern China. For this purpose, precipitation and potential evaporation （PET） data from 5 meteorological stations and the runoff depth data from the Dashankou hydrological station in the headwater region of the Kaidu River from 1960 to 2009 were collected, then the trends and abrupt changes of precipitation, PET and runoff depth were analyzed by means of Mann-Kendall test （M-K test） and Mann-Kendall-Sneyers test （M-K-S test）, respectively. The runoff model driven by precipitation and PET was developed in this work and the sensitivity of runoff to climate fluctuation was simulated under different scenarios. Results showed that the annual precipitation and runoff depth both exhibited an increasing trend over the periods 1960-2009; however, this is not the case for the annual PET. The abrupt changes for annual precipitation, PETand runoff depth all occurred in the early 1990s. The established driving model could well reflect the compli- cated nonlinear relationship among runoff depth, precipitation and PET. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the precipitation had a positive effect on the runoff depth, opposite to what were observed between PET and runoff, and the runoff depth was more sensitive to precipitation than to PET in the headwater region of the Kaidu River.

关键词： climate fluctuation driving model runoffdepth sensitivity analysis

Physiological response of Tamarix ramosissima under water stress along the lower reaches of Tarim River

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第9期51卷 1123-1129页

作者： ZHUANG Li chen yaning Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

Tamarix ramosissima is one of the con- structive species growing on both sides of Tarim River which is favorable to constituting a natural bar- rier containing local deserts and protecting the oasis. By analyzing characteristics of the main physiological indexes, such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismu- tase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), C3-gibberellins (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA), at different sections with different water tables in the lower reaches of Tarim River, it has been found that these physiological indexes have close correlations with water tables. In addition, the rational ecological, coercing and critical water tables of T. ramosissima are 2-4 m, 6 m and 10 m, respectively, which pro- vides an important theoretical basis for the ecological conservation of extremely arid regions.

关键词：生理指数地下水位塔里木河新疆 Tamarix ramosissima

Effects of land use and cover change on surface wind speed in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第3期11卷 345-356页

作者： LI Yupeng chen yaning LI Zhi State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The surface wind speed(SWS)is affected by both large-scale circulation and land use and cover change(LUCC).In China,most studies have considered the effect of large-scale circulation rather than LUCC on *** this study,we evaluated the effects of LUCC on the SWS decrease during 1979-2015 over China using the observation minus reanalysis(OMR)*** were two key findings:(1)Observed wind speed declined significantly at a rate of 0.0112 m/(s·a),whereas ERA-Interim,which can only capture the inter-annual variation of observed data,indicated a gentle downward *** effects of LUCC on SWS were distinct and caused a decrease of 0.0124 m/(s·a)in SWS;(2)Due to variations in the characteristics of land use types across different regions,the influence of LUCC on SWS also *** observed wind speed showed a rapid decline over cultivated land in Northwest China,as well as a decrease in China’s northeastern and eastern plain regions due to the ***,in the Tibetan Plateau,the impact of LUCC on wind speed was only slight and can thus be ignored.

关键词： surface wind speed(SWS) land use and cover change(LUCC) observation minus reanalysis(OMR) normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) China

Evolvement Characteristics of Population and Economic Gravity Centers in Tarim River Basin,Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第6期23卷 765-772页

作者： WANG Yang chen yaning LI Zhi College of Resources and Environmental Science Xinjiang University State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences

Using the data at the county levcl and the regional gravity center model, we calculated six key socio-economic gravity centers, namely population, GDP, output values of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and arable land area in the Tarim River Basin for each year from 1980 to 2009. We inspected the spatial dynamics of these centers and found that the gravity centers of population and economy evolved simultaneously. The disproportional growth between the population and the economy is also analyzed. The results show that： 1） The gravity centers of the GDR the output values of the main three industries and arable land area show migration trending from southwest to northeast, while the population gravity center shows an excessive growth in the southwest during the same time period. The migration amplitude of the GDP and output values of primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry are measurably higher than that of the population. 2） The population gravity center has a negative correlation with the gravity centers of secondary and tertiary industries output values in both longitudinal and latitudinal directions, and a positive correlation with that of primary industry output value in the longitudinal direction. Based on the analysis of correlation coefficient and offset distance, the imbalance between the population and the economy has increased since the 1980s, with regional economic differences now exceeding the international cordon.

关键词： regional gravity center model population gravity center economic gravity center Tarim River Basin

Quantifying the impact of mountain precipitation on runoff in Hotan River, northwestern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第3期14卷 568-577页

作者： Baofu Li Jili Zheng Xun Shi yaning chen School of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao276826China Rizhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction Rizhao276826China Department of Geography Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNH03755USA State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China

It is of great significance to quantitatively assess the impact of mountain precipitation on inland river runoff in data scarce *** on the corrected TRMM precipitation and runoff data,a variety of statistical methods were used to identify which areas of precipitation have an important impact on runoff in the Hotan River Basin,and to evaluate the effects that precipitation changes have on runoff at low,mid,high,and extremely high altitudes of mountainous *** results showed that:1)From 1998 to 2015,the annual runoff showed a fluctuating upward trend with a rate of 11.21×10^8 m^3/10 a(P<0.05).Runoff in every season also had an increasing trend,with summer runoff the most significant at a rate of 6.09×10^8 m^3/10 a.2)The annual runoff and precipitation changes had certain synchronization,with a correlation coefficient of 0.45(P<0.05).Among them,the correlations between precipitation and runoff changes were highest at low and mid-altitudes,with coefficients of 0.62 and 0.55,respectively(P<0.05).3)65.95%of the regional precipitation at low altitudes and 48.34%at high altitudes were significantly correlated with runoff(P<0.05),while only 38.84%and 26.58%of regional precipitation levels at mid-and extremely high altitudes were significantly correlated with runoff.4)The annual precipitation change in the basin was 1%,which would cause the annual runoff to change by 0.24%.In 1998-2015,the change of annual runoff caused by precipitation change at high altitudes was largest at a rate of−6.01%;the change rates of annual runoff caused by precipitation change in the low,mid-,and extremely high altitudes were−3.66%,−3.62%,and−3.67%,*** results have significant scientific guidance for water resource management in arid basins.

关键词： precipitation mountainous areas runoff TRMM arid region of northwestern China

Analysis on water potential of Populus euphratica oliv and its meaning in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A01期51卷 221-228页

作者： FU Aihong chen yaning LI Weihong Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

Combined with materials measured on leaves water potential of Populus euphratica oliv in the process of ecological water delivery in the lower reaches of Tarim River, the influence of ground-water depths and soil salinity on leaves water potential of P. euphratica was analyzed. We found that there was evident negative correlation between the leaves water potential of P. euphratica and ground-water depths. The deeper the ground-water depths were, the lower the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was, the more serious drought stress P. euphratica suffered from. Besides, there was evident negative correlation between the soil salinity and the leaves water potential of P. euphratica. The bigger the soil salinity was, the lower the leaves water potential of P euphratica was, the more serious drought stress was indicated from which P. euphratica suffered. For sections rather distant for Daxihaizi Reservoir as well as for those places of wells rather distant from the river course, ground-water depths and the soil salinity were high; the leaves water potential of P. euphratica was low. The leaves water potential of P. euphratica can reflect the degree at which P. euphratica suffers from drought and salt stress, and has an important reference meaning in analyzing proper ground-water depths for the survival and growth of P. euphratic in the lower reaches of Tarim River.

关键词：水势地下水新疆土壤盐渍度塔里木河

Long-term Trend and Fractal of Annual Runoff Process in Mainstream of Tarim River

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Chinese Geographical Science 2008年第1期18卷 77-84页

作者： XU Jianhua chen yaning LI Weihong DONG Shan Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education Shanghai 200062 China Department of Geography East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

Based on the time series data from the Aral hydrological station for the period of 1958-2005,the paper re-veals the long-term trend and fractal of the annual runoff process in the mainstream of the Tarim River by using the wavelet analysis method and the fractal *** main conclusions are as follows:1)From a large time scale point of view,*** time scale of 16(24)years,the annual runoff basically shows a slightly decreasing trend as a whole from 1958 to *** the time scale is reduced to 8(23)or 4(22)years,the annual runoff still displays the basic trend as the large time scale,but it has fluctuated more obviously during the period.2)The correlation dimension for the annual runoff process is 3.4307,non-integral,which indicates that the process has both fractal and chaotic *** correlation dimension is above 3,which means that at least four independent variables are needed to describe the dynamics of the annual runoff process.3)The Hurst exponent for the first period(1958-1973)is 0.5036,which equals 0.5 approximately and indicates that the annual runoff process is in *** Hurst exponents for the second(1974-1989)and third(1990-2005)periods are both greater than 0.50,which indicate that the annual runoff process showed a long-enduring characteristic in the two *** Hurst exponent for the period from 1990 to 2005 indi-cates that the annual runoff will show a slightly increasing trend in the 16 years after 2005.

关键词： annual runoff, wavelet fractal Tarim River

Runoff Responses to Climate Change in Arid Region of Northwestern China During 1960-2010

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第3期23卷 286-300页

作者： WANG Huaijun chen yaning LI Weihong DENG Haijun State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on runoff, air temperature, and precipitation data from 1960 to 2010, the effects of climate change on water resources in the arid region of the northwestern China were investigated. The long-term trends of hydroclimatic variables were studied by using both Mann-Kendall test and distributed-free cumulative sum （CUSUM） chart test. Results indicate that the mean annual air temperature increases significantly from 1960 to 2010. The annual precipitation exhibits an increasing trend, especially in the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the North Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang in the study period. Step changes occur in 1988 in the mean annual air temperature time series and in 1991 in the precipitation time series. The runoff in different basins shows different trends, i.e., significantly increasing in the Kaidu River, the Aksu River and the Shule River, and decreasing in the Shiyang River. Correlation analy- sis reveals that the runoff in the North Xinjiang （i.e., the Weigan River, the Heihe River, and the Shiyang River） has a strong positive relationship with rainfall, while that in the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains, the middle section of the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the Shule River has a strong positive relationship with air temperature. The trends of rtmoff have strong negative correla- tions with glacier coverage and the proportion of glacier water in runoff. From the late 1980s, the climate has become warm and wet in the arid region of the northwestern China. The change in runoff is interacted with air temperature, precipitation and glacier coverage. The results show that streamflow in the arid region of the northwestern China is sensitive to climate change, which can be used as a reference for regional water resource assessment and management.

关键词： hydroclimatic variables climate change step change water resources arid region

Climate Change and Its Effects on Runoff of Kaidu River, Xinjiang, China:A Multiple Time-scale Analysis

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Chinese Geographical Science 2008年第4期18卷 331-339页

作者： XU Jianhua chen yaning JI Minhe LU Feng Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education Shanghai 200062 China The Research Center for East-West Cooperation in China East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

This paper applied an integrated method combining grey relation analysis, wavelet analysis and statistical analysis to study climate change and its effects on runoff of the Kaidu River at multi-time scales. Major findings are as follows: 1) Climatic factors were ranked in the order of importance to annual runoff as average annual temperature, average temperature in autumn, average temperature in winter, annual precipitation, precipitation in flood season, average temperature in summer, and average temperature in spring. The average annual temperature and annual precipi- tation were selected as the two representative factors that impact the annual runoff. 2) From the 32-year time scale, the annual runoff and the average annual temperature presented a significantly rising trend, whereas the annual precipita- tion showed little increase over the period of 1957-2002. By changing the time scale from 32-year to 4-year, we ob- served nonlinear trends with increasingly obvious oscillations for annual runoff, average annual temperature, and annual precipitation. 3) The changes of the runoff and the regional climate are closely related, indicating that the runoff change is the result of the regional climate changes. With time scales ranging from 32-year, 16-year, 8-year and to 4-year, there are highly significant linear correlations between the annual runoff and the average annual temperature and the annual precipitation.

关键词： runoff temperature precipitation nonlinear trend time scale Kaidu River