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Evolution of desertification in a two-dimensional energy balance model coupled with thermodynamics and dynamics

Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1726-1733页

作者： chao jiping1,2.& li yaokun3,4 1national marine environmental forecasting center, beijing 100081, china 2First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, china 3State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 4Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The relationship between desert evolution and change in albedo has been investigated quasi-analytically using a zonal mean two-dimensional energy balance model which considers the radiation transmission process due to thermodynamics and bound- ary layer movement caused by kinetics. A climate state including temperature, zonal wind, meridional wind and vertical wind can be simulated according to the current zonal distribution of albedo. Given desert distribution, characterized by the value and distribution of albedo, the response of climate on albedo has been studied to analyze the evolution of desert climate. One significant result is that the simple model can reproduce mean meridional circulation. Another result indicates that climate corresponds to two equilibria. This happens when the junction temperature between vegetation and desert is higher than a certain critical value. As for the first equilibrium, the desert belt is predicted to move southward in the northern hemisphere with the increasing values of albedo, which corresponds to the current trend of climate change. For the second equilibrium, vegetation will expand northward with increasing values of albedo, which would indicate a narrowing of the desert belt. In order to determine if the two equilibria exist, new physical models are needed.

关键词： two-dimensional energy balance model desertification two equilibria

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Semi-analytical analysis of the response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第14期54卷 2499-2505页

作者： liU Fei1,2.& chao jiping3,4 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 national marine environmental forecasting center, beijing 100081, china 4 First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of china, Qingdao 266061, china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao China

Response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution is investigated, using a three-dimensional governing equation to simulate the steady, large-scale, limited amplitude perturbation of the free, inviscid and adiabatic atmosphere. The adoption of the static equation leads to a temperature governing equation in the terrain following coordinate. With the prescribed temperature as the upper boundary condition and the radiation balance as the lower boundary condition, the semi-analytical solution of the global circulation temperature can be calculated. In this article, only the air temperature (at 2 m height) over the land surface is analyzed, and the result suggests that this model can simulate the air temperature pattern over the land surface reasonably. A better simulation occurs when a simple feedback of the albedo on the temperature is included. Two sensitivity experiments are analyzed through this model. One suggests that the air temperature over the land surface descends obviously when the land surface is covered with ice all over, while another suggests that the air temperature rises a little when the land surface is covered with forest except the ice-covered area. This model appears to be a good tool to study the response of the air temperature to the vegetation distribution. limitations of the model are also discussed.

关键词：空气温度植被分布陆地表面反应解析分析模拟模式控制方程边界条件

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Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： chao jiping1 & liU Fei2,3 1. national marine environmental forecasting center, beijing 100081, china 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing China Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

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A two-dimensional energy balance climate model on Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第3期6卷 284-293页

作者： yaokun li jiping chao College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing 100081China

A two-dimensional energy balance climate model has been built to investigate the climate on *** model takes into account the balance among solar radiation,longwave radiation,and energy transmission and can be solved analytically by Legendre *** the parameters for thermal diffusion and radiation processes being properly specified,the model can simulate a reasonable surface atmospheric temperature distribution but not a very perfect vertical atmospheric temperature distribution compared with numerical results,such as those from the Mars Climate *** varying solar radiation in a Martian year,the model can simulate the seasonal variation of the air temperature on *** increasing dust content,the Martian atmosphere gradually ***,the warming is insignificant in the cold and warm scenarios,in which the dust mixing ratio varies moderately,whereas the warming is significant in the storm scenario,in which the dust mixing ratio increases *** an increasing albedo value of either the polar cap or the non-ice region,Mars gradually *** mean surface atmospheric temperature decreases moderately with an increasing polar ice albedo,whereas it increases dramatically with an increasing non-ice *** increase occurs because the planetary albedo of the ice regions is smaller than that of the non-ice region.

关键词： Mars energy balance climate model solar radiation dust surface albedo

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Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 10-20页

作者： li Pixue ZHANG Zhanhai liU jiping Ocean University of china Qingdao 266100 China Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shanghai marine environmental Monitoring and forecasting center Shanghai 200232 China

By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS,trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean,whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff,are *** results show that for the past 30 years,the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally *** is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer,leading to the reduced seasonal *** spring,surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four *** summer,precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie,while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and *** Mackenzie,atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons,which is not the case for the Eurasian *** authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea *** negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring,while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in *** addition,each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea.

关键词： Arctic runoff multiple linear regressions sea ice

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Variations in Amplitudes and Wave Energy along the Energy Dispersion Paths for Rossby Waves in the Quasigeostrophic Barotropic Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第6期39卷 876-888页

作者： yaokun li jiping chao Yanyan KANG College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing 100081China beijing Meteorological Observatory Beijing 100089China

Variations in wave energy and amplitude for Rossby waves are investigated by solving the wave energy equation for the quasigeostrophic barotropic potential vorticity *** results suggest that compared with rays in the nondivergent barotropic model,rays in the divergent model can have enhanced meridional and zonal propagation,accompanied by a more dramatic variability in both wave energy and amplitude,which is caused by introducing the divergence effect of the free surface in the quasigeostrophic *** rays propagating in a region enclosed by a turning latitude and a critical latitude,the wave energy approaches the maximum value inside the region,while the amplitude approaches the maximum at the turning *** can develop when both the wave energy and amplitude *** rays propagating in a region enclosed by two turning latitudes,the wave energy approaches the minimum value at one turning latitude and the maximum value at the other latitude,while the total wavenumber approaches the maximum value inside the *** resulting amplitude increases if the total wavenumber decreases or the wave energy increases more significantly and decreases if the total wavenumber increases or the wave energy decreases more *** matched roles of the energy from the basic flow and the divergence of the group velocity contribute to the slightly oscillating wave energy,which causes a slightly oscillating amplitude as well as the slightly oscillating total wavenumber.

关键词： Rossby waves quasigeostrophic barotropic model energy dispersion wave energy amplitude

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Variations in Wave Energy and Amplitudes along the Energy Dispersion Paths of Nonstationary Barotropic Rossby Waves

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第1期38卷 49-64页

The variations in the wave energy and the amplitude along the energy dispersion paths of the barotropic Rossby waves in zonally symmetric basic flow are studied by solving the wave energy equation,which expresses that the wave energy variability is determined by the divergence of the group velocity and the energy budget from the basic *** results suggest that both the wave energy and the amplitude of a leading wave increase significantly in the propagating region that is located south of the jet axis and enclosed by a southern critical line and a northern turning *** leading wave gains the barotropic energy from the basic flow by eddy *** amplitude continuously climbs up a peak at the turning latitude due to increasing wave energy and enlarging horizontal scale(shrinking total wavenumber).Both the wave energy and the amplitude eventually decrease when the trailing wave continuously approaches southward to the critical *** trailing wave decays and its energy is continuously absorbed by the basic ***,both the wave energy and the amplitude oscillate with a limited range in the propagating region that is located near the jet axis and enclosed by two turning *** the leading and trailing waves neither develop nor decay *** jet works as a waveguide to allow the waves to propagate a long distance.

关键词： barotropic Rossby waves energy dispersion wave ray theory wave energy amplitude

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Multiple equilibria of cross-equatorial Inertial jets

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第1期50卷 153-160页

作者： chao jiping1,2.& liU Fei3,4 1 national marine environmental forecasting center, beijing 100081, china 2 The First Institute of Oceanography ,SOA, Qingdao 266060, china 3 Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 4 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing 100081 China The First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao 266060 China Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Based on the developed Anderson and Moore's theory about cross-equatorial inertial jets and a nonlinear equivalence shallow water model, new universal functions are determined by the characters of the vortical large-scale air flow (atmosphere) or ocean current (ocean) related to the jet, then the potential vorticity and energy conservation equations along the streamline in the cross-equatorial in-ertial jets can be obtained. Because the governing equations are nonlinear, some limited multiple equi-libria of cross-equatorial inertial jets may exist. According to the character of large-scale air flow or ocean current outside the jets, the existent criterion for multiple eqnilibria in cross-equatorial inertial jets is discussed, and two examples for multiple equilibia of nonlinear governing equations are given.

关键词： multiple equilibria cross-equatorial inertial jets the potential vorticity energy conservation.

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Two equilibria of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated Meridional Overturning Circulation

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Science china Earth Sciences 2012年第11期55卷 315-322页

作者： chao jiping li yaokun national marine environmental forecasting center Beijing 100081China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and its associated Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is investigated through a nonlinear inertia theory model, which consists of two layers--an upper Ekman layer driven mainly by sea surface wind stress and a lower thermocline controlled by ideal fluid nonlinear equations which can be solved by identifying the form of the arbitrary functions. The results show that the thermocline has a two-equilibrium solution though given the same Ekman layer condition. Compared to the first equilibrium, the second one has a heavier intensity and deeper circulation, which seems more consistent with the existing data.

关键词： Antarctic Circumpolar Current Meridional Overturning Circulation inertia theory two equilibria

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The dynamical evolution theory of the isolated oasis system

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Science china Earth Sciences 2015年第3期58卷 436-447页

作者： li yaokun chao jiping College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University national marine environmental forecasting center

Assume that an oasis and its surrounding desert consist of an isolated system without mass and energy exchange with the outer *** characteristics of oasis evolution have been explored under the condition of system energy *** results show that oasis evolves with two equilibrium *** first equilibrium suggests a stable expansive and an unstable degraded oasis whereas the second equilibrium indicates a stable shrink and an unstable increase of the oasis *** one equilibrium state is unstable,the components of the isolated system(oasis and desert) would tend to be no energy exchange and they each reach to energy balance *** would maintain its initial area in this *** analyses point out that the two equilibrium states have completely different *** the first equilibrium state,a higher vegetation albedo,lower soil albedo and larger canopy resistance,and direr soil both contribute to the oasis area expansion,accompanying an excessive large desert soil and vegetation canopy temperature difference(SCTD).In the second equilibrium state,however,a lower vegetation albedo,higher soil albedo and small canopy resistance,and wetter soil benefit the oasis area to stay near its initial value,following a moderate *** convergent trajectories of the initial values in phase space are influenced by the separatrices of the equilibrium *** temperature is an advantage factor for initial values convergent to the oasis expansion solution.

关键词： energy conservation oasis desert two equilibrium states

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