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Neural plasticity secondary to carpal tunnel syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 158-165页

作者： Xue Deng Phoebe Lai-Heung Chau Suk-yee Chiu Kwok-Pui Leung Yong Hu Wing-yuk Ip Department of Orthopedics&Traumatology The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Clinical Neuro-diagnostic Unit Tung Wah HospitalHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Conventional neuroimaging techniques cannot truly reflect the change of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with carpal tunnel ***-continuous arterial spinning labeling(pCASL)as an efficient non-invasive neuroimaging technique can be applied to directly quantify the neuronal activities of individual brain regions that show the persistent symptoms owing to its better spatial resolution and increased signal-to-noise ***,this prospective observational study was conducted in 27 eligible female carpal tunnel syndrome,aged 57.7±6.51 *** tests,nerve conduction studies and pCASL neuroimaging assessment were *** results showed that the relevant activated brain regions in the cortical,subcrotical,and cerebral regions were correlated with numbness,pain,functionality,median nerve status and motor amplitude of median nerve(K=21–2849,r=–0.77–0.76,P<0.05).There was a tendency of pain processing which shifted from the nociceptive circuitry to the emotional and cognitive one during the process of chronic pain caused by carpal tunnel *** suggests the necessity of addressing the ignored cognitive or emotional state when managing patients with carpal tunnel *** for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of The University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West,China(HKU/HA HKW IRB,approval ***17-129)on April 11,*** study was registered in Clinical Trial Registry of The University of Hong Kong,China(registration number:HKUCTR-2220)on April 24,2017.

关键词： Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire carpal tunnel syndrome cognitive nerve conduction studies pain principal component analysis pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling

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Exploratory use of ultrasound to determine whether demyelination following carpal tunnel syndrome co-exists with axonal degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 317-323页

作者： Xue Deng Lai-Heung Phoebe Chau Suk-yee Chiu Kwok-Pui Leung Sheung-Wai Li Wing-yuk Ip Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology The University of Hong Kong Clinical Electro-diagnostic Unit Tung Wah Hospital Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

Carpal tunnel syndrome （CTS） accompanied by secondary axonal degeneration cannot be clearly dis- criminated using the current cross-validated ultrasound severity classification system. This study aimed at exploring cut-off values of ultrasound parameters, including wrist cross-sectional area （W-CSA）, wrist perimeter （W-P）, ratio of cross-sectional area （R-CSA） and perimeter （R-P）, changes of CSA and P from wrist to one third distal forearm （△CSA＆AP） for differentiation. Seventy-three patients （13 male and 60 female） were assigned into group A （demyelination only, n = 40） and group B （demyelination with secondary axonal degeneration, n = 33） based on the outcomes of nerve conduction studies （NCS）. Receiver Operative Characteristics （ROC） curves were plotted to obtain sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of cut- off values for all the ultrasound parameters. The overall identified cut-off values （W-CSA 12.0 mm2, W-P 16.27 mm, R-CSA 1.85, R-P 1.48, △CSA 6.98 mm2, △P 5.77 mm） had good sensitivity （77.1-88.6%）, fair specificity （40-62.2%） and fair-to-good accuracy （0.676-0.758）. There were also significant differences in demographics （age and severity gradation, P 〈 0.001）, NCS findings （wrist motor latency and conduction velocity, P 〈 0.0001; wrist motor amplitude, P 〈 0.05; distal sensory latency, P 〈 0.05; sensory amplitude, P 〈 0.001） and ultrasound measurements （W-CSA, W-P, R-CSA, R-P, △CSA＆△P, P 〈 0.05） between groups. These findings suggest that ultrasound can be potentially used to differentiate demyelinating CTS with sec- ondary axonal degeneration and provide better treatment guidance.

关键词： carpal tunnel syndrome nerve conduction studies ultrasound receiver operating characteristic curve peripheral nerve compression injury ultrasonography neural conduction axonal degeneration neural regeneration

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Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 327-337页

作者： Dan-yang Liu Pin Zhao Serene Hay-yee chan Huey Hoon Hng Lang Chen State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same ***,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain *** this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser *** fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by *** the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the parameters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were *** study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0%to 15%,every 5%increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3%decrease in detonation *** pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation *** detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14%and 8%higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation *** the recording time of about 10 ms throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12%and 2.9 ms higher

关键词： Nano-sized aluminum Detonation reaction zone Explosive metal acceleration Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation Laser interferometry

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Carbon footprints in minimally invasive surgery:Good patient outcomes,but costly for the environment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第7期15卷 1277-1285页

作者： Kai Siang chan Hong yee Lo Vishal G Shelat Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore

Advancements in technology and surgical training programs have increased the adaptability of minimally invasive surgery(MIS).Gastrointestinal MIS is superior to its open counterparts regarding post-operative morbidity and *** has become the first-line surgical intervention for some types of gastrointestinal surgery,such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy and *** dioxide(CO_(2))is the main gas used for insufflation in ***_(2)contributes 9%-26%of the greenhouse effect,resulting in global *** rise in global CO_(2)concentration since 2000 is about 20 ppm per decade,up to 10 times faster than any sustained rise in CO_(2)during the past 800000 *** 1970,there has been a steady yet worrying increase in average global temperature by 1.7℃ per century.A recent systematic review of the carbon footprint in MIS showed a range of 6-814 kg of CO_(2)emission per surgery,with higher CO_(2)emission following robotic compared to laparoscopic ***,with superior benefits of MIS over open surgery,this poses an ethical dilemma to surgeons.A recent survey in the United Kingdom of 130 surgeons showed that the majority(94%)were concerned with climate change but felt that the lack of leadership was a barrier to improving environmental *** the deleterious environmental effects of MIS,this study aims to summarize the trends of MIS and its carbon footprint,awareness and attitudes towards this issue,and efforts and challenges to ensuring environmental sustainability.

关键词： Carbon footprint Environment Environmental pollution Minimally invasive surgical procedures Sustainability

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Accurate machine learning models based on small dataset of energetic materials through spatial matrix featurization methods

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 364-375,I0009页

作者： Chao Chen Danyang Liu Siyan Deng Lixiang Zhong Serene Hay yee chan Shuzhou Li Huey Hoon Hng School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular *** a large database is not available,the development of proper featurization method based on physicochemical nature of target proprieties can improve the predictive power of ML models with a smaller *** this work,we show that two new featurization methods,volume occupation spatial matrix and heat contribution spatial matrix,can improve the accuracy in predicting energetic materials' crystal density(ρ_(crystal)) and solid phase enthalpy of formation(H_(f,solid)) using a database containing 451 energetic *** mean absolute errors are reduced from 0.048 g/cm~3 and 24.67 kcal/mol to 0.035 g/cm~3 and 9.66 kcal/mol,*** leave-one-out-cross-validation,the newly developed ML models can be used to determine the performance of most kinds of energetic materials except *** ML models are applied to predict ρ_(crystal) and H_(f,solid) of CHON-based molecules of the 150 million sized PubChem database,and screened out 56 candidates with competitive detonation performance and reasonable chemical *** further improvement in future,spatial matrices have the potential of becoming multifunctional ML simulation tools that could provide even better predictions in wider fields of materials science.

关键词： Small database machine learning Energetic materials screening Spatial matrix featurization method Crystal density Formation enthalpy n-Body interactions

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Evaluating the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT-4 in answering patient questions related to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2024年第1期5卷 14-21页

作者： Lauren Schlussel Jamil S Samaan Yin chan Bianca chang yee Hui Yeo Wee Han Ng Ali Rezaie Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Bristol Medical School University of BristolBS81THBristolUnited Kingdom Medically Associated Science and Technology Program Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)poses diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its complex management and evolving *** often seek online information related to their health,prompting interest in large language models,like GPT-4,as potential sources of patient *** To investigate ChatGPT-4's accuracy and reproducibility in responding to patient questions related to *** A total of 27 patient questions related to SIBO were curated from professional societies,Facebook groups,and Reddit *** question was entered into GPT-4 twice on separate days to examine reproducibility of accuracy on separate ***-4 generated responses were independently evaluated for accuracy and reproducibility by two motility fellowship-trained gastroenterologists.A third senior fellowship-trained gastroenterologist resolved *** of responses were graded using the scale:(1)Comprehensive;(2)Correct but inadequate;(3)Some correct and some incorrect;or(4)Completely *** responses were generated for every question to evaluate reproducibility in *** In evaluating GPT-4's effectiveness at answering SIBO-related questions,it provided responses with correct information to 18/27(66.7%)of questions,with 16/27(59.3%)of responses graded as comprehensive and 2/27(7.4%)responses graded as correct but *** model provided responses with incorrect information to 9/27(33.3%)of questions,with 4/27(14.8%)of responses graded as completely incorrect and 5/27(18.5%)of responses graded as mixed correct and incorrect *** varied by question category,with questions related to“basic knowledge”achieving the highest proportion of comprehensive responses(90%)and no incorrect *** the other hand,the“treatment”related questions yielded the lowest proportion of comprehensive responses(33.3%)and highest percent of completely incorrect responses(33.3%).A total of 77.8%of questions yielded repr

关键词： Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Motility Artificial intelligence Chat-GPT Large language models Patient education

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Microglia activation,classification and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory modulators in subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1404-1411页

作者： Junfan Chen Zhiyuan Vera Zheng Gang Lu Wai yee chan Yisen Zhang George Kwok Chu Wong Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Neurosurgery Hainan Branch of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaHainan ProvinceChina CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciencesthe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Bioinformatics Unit SDIVF R&D CentreHong Kong Science and Technology ParksHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease with significant mortality and morbidity,despite advances in treating cerebral *** has been recent progress in the intensive care management and monitoring of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage,but the results remain ***,the resident immune cells of the brain,are increasingly recognized as playing a significant role in neurological diseases,including subarachnoid *** early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage,microglial activation and neuroinflammation have been implicated in the development of disease complications and *** understand the disease processes following subarachnoid hemorrhage,it is important to focus on the modulators of microglial activation and the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and *** this review,we summarize research on the modulators of microglia-mediated inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage,including transcriptome changes and the neuroinflammatory signaling *** also describe the latest developments in single-cell transcriptomics for microglia and summarize advances that have been made in the transcriptome-based classification of microglia and the implications for microglial activation and neuroinflammation.

关键词： activation inflammation microglia modulator neuroinflammation sequencing signal pathway single-cell analysis stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment

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促黄体激素受体突变导致的性器官发育异常(英文)

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2005年第1期37卷 32-38页

作者： Wai-yee chan Laboratory of Clinical Genomics National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland 20892-4429 USA and Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington District of Columbia 20007 USA

The Luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHR) plays a critical role in human male sexual development. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations of the LHR have been described. Gain-of-function mutations are dominant and cause constitutive activation of the receptor resulting in familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). All activating mutations are single point mutations and are located in the transmembrane domain (TM). TM helix Ⅵ harbors the largest number of activating mutations with the codon of Asp-578 being the hot-spot of mutation. Besides causing abnormal sexual development, constitutively activated LHR may predispose an individual to the development of testicular neoplasia. The anti-thesis of FMPP is Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH). This is caused by mutations that inactivate the LHR resulting in subnormal male sexual development or male pseudohermaphroditism. Inactivating mutations are recessive. The genetic cause of LCH is variable and there is no mutation hot-spot. Genotype-phenotype correlation can be identified in LCH with the milder form caused by mutated LHR with residual activity and the severe form caused by absence of signal transduction activity of the mutated receptor. Molecular diagnosis of the disorders caused by mutation of the LHR can be achieved by direct sequencing of the LHR gene.

关键词：受体 LH 青春期早熟发育不全 Leydig细胞

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Jump further,leap higher,and consolidate stronger:A brief review of the long-term partnership between Kunming Institute of Zoology(KIZ)and the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)in bioresources and molecular research

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Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 556-558页

作者： Nelson Tang Yong-Tang Zheng Hui Zhao Wai-yee chan Yong-Gang Yao KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China

The molecular etiologies of many prevalent diseases stem from genetic variations that arise during evolution and natural selection,as well as from environmental *** study of genetic diversity in human populations and analysis of molecular evolution in primates and other animal species can provide important insights regarding the pathogenesis of common diseases in both human and animal populations.

关键词： molecular evolution solid

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Recurrent giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第29期15卷 3697-3700页

作者： Ser yee Lee Weng Hoong chan Ranjiv Sivanandan Dennis Teck Hock Lim Wai Keong Wong Department of General Surgery Singapore General Hospital Outram Road Singapore 169608 Singapore Department of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre 11 Hospital Drive Singapore 169610 Singapore

Giant fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus and hypopharynx are rare benign esophageal tumors. They arise most commonly in the upper esophagus and may, rarely, originate in the hypopharynx. They can vary significantly in size. Even though they are benign, they may be lethal due to either bleeding or, rarely, asphyxiation if a large polyp is regurgitated. Patients commonly present with dysphagia or hematemesis. The polyps may not be well visualized on endoscopy and imaging plays a vital role in aiding diagnosis as well as providing important information for preoperative planning, such as the location of the pedicle, the vascularity of the polyp and the tissue elements of the mass. They can also be recurrent in rare cases, especially if the resection margins of the base are involved. We review the recent literature and report a case of a 61-year-old man with a recurrent giant esophageal fibrovascular polyp with illustrative contrast barium swallow, CT and intra-operative images, who required several surgeries via a combination of endoscopic, trans-oral, trans-cervical, trans-thoracic and trans-abdominal approaches.

关键词： Giant fibrovascular polyp Esophagus Esophageal polyp Fibroepithelial polyps

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