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Assessment of coastal vulnerability to environmental change in Jiangsu coastal plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第1期11卷 24-33页

作者： YANG Gui-shan, SHI Ya-feng, ZHANG Chen, LIANG Hai-tang (nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas, nanjing 210008, China) nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing China

Assessment of coastal vulnerability to future environmental change has been emphasized in coastal nations or regions. The Jiangsu coastal plain, located to the north of the Yangtze River Delta in China, is most vulnerable to sea level rise and exacerbating coastal hazards. This paper develops the method of delimiting vulnerable scope and assessing coastal vulnerability through field observations and sampling and by applying remote sensing and GIS, which are suitable for great river delta and coastal plains with large area, relative complex micro-geomorphology and the protection of seawall. Applying this method, the coastal vulnerability of the Jiangsu coastal plain to relative sea level rise (approximately 50 cm up to the year 2050) and exacerbating storm surges have been assessed. The results show that, up to the year 2050, the Jiangsu coastal plain will probably lose 12.8 % of tidal flats (about 5.8x104 hm2) and 7.9 % of cultivated land (about 7.2x104 hm2). Meanwhile, 2.0 % of population, 3.8 % of original value of fixed assets, 3.2% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 40.3 % of salt industry and 5.8 % of aquiculture respectively will be affected due to coastal environmental change.

关键词： coastal vulnerability assessment vulnerable scope coastal environmental change Jiangsu coastal plain

Pedodiversity: a controversial concept

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第1期11卷 110-116页

作者： CHEN Jie1, ZHANG Xue-lei1, GONG Zi-tong1, WANG Jun2 (1. Institute of Soil Science, cas, nanjing 210008, China 2. Surveying and Mapping Bureau of Jiangsu Province, nanjing 210008, China) Institute of Soil Science CAS Nanjing China Surveying and Mapping Bureau of Jiangsu Province Nanjing China

The concept of pedodiversity and its measurement methodology proposed and developed by Ibá?ez research term is introduced. An attempt to apply pedodiversity to analyze spatial soil variation and distribution patterns on the global scale is briefly demonstrated. Furthermore, constructive comments and criticisms on pedodiversity and its measurement from the noted pedologists and ecologists are outlined. Finally, potential applications of pedodiversity in soil science and other relevant disciplines are discussed.

关键词： pedodiversity soil global distribution spatial variation species richness species evenness Shannon Index

DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL URBANIZATION IN FUJIAN COASTAL AREA

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1994年第Z2期4卷 41-53页

作者： Liu Ta Hou Xiaohong(nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas, nanjing 210008People’s Republic of China)

Since the economic reform in 1978, urban development in China has become much more rapid and the dynamic mechanisms of urbanization more diversified. The 'Bottom Up' strategy becomes as important as, or even more important than, the 'Top Down' strategy as the dynamic mechanisms of regional urbanization. On the basis of major theories of development economics and regional economics, this paper analyzes the major dynamic mechanisms of regional urbanization in coastal area of Fujian Province from 1978 to 1989, and describes quantitatively the territorial differentiation of regional urbanization process under two major dynamic mechanisms using principal componet analysis.

关键词： regional urbanization dynamic mechanism principal component analysis coastal area Fujian Province

DYNAMIC VARIATIONS OF WATER QUALITY IN TAIHU LAKE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF ITS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1997年第3期7卷 72-82页

作者： Cai Qiming Gao Xiyun Chen Yuwei Ma Shengwei nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas, nanjing 210008 People’s Republic of ChinaMartin Dokulil Institute of Limnology, Austria

Dynamic variation of water quality in Meiliang Bay and part of West Taihu Lake has been analysed based on data from 1991 to 1992. Principal Component Analysis is used to reveal the mutual relationships of various factors. It is shown that there existis an obvious spatial and temporal variation in the main factors of water quality. Annual values of TP, CON, TN, Chl-a and conductivity decrease evidently from inner Meiliang Bay to the outer from north to south. TP and TN fluctuate seasonally with much higher value in winter. This is particularly true for the mouth of Liangxi River. In addition, the Chl-1 has a synchronous variation with water temperature, although being lagged a little, and closely relates to TP and TN. Finally, the results from Principal Component Analysis show that TP, TN, SS (or SD), water temperature and Chl-a are the most influential factors to water qualuty in this area, and both suspensions and algae can contribute to transparency to Taihu Lake.

关键词： Taihu Lake dynamic variation water quality principal component analysis.

THE TIDAL FLATS MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE COASTAL LAND RECLAMATION IN SHANGHAI

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1996年第1期6卷 84-91页

作者： Li Jiufa(Institute of Estuanne & Coastal Research, East China Normal Univ., Shanghai 200062People’s Republic of China)Zhang Chen(nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas, nanjing 210008People’s Republic of China) Inst of Estuarine + Coastal Rsch East China Normal Univ Shanghai 200062 China

More than 904.2 km2 of the flats are above the theorotical datum level with progressive rate of 20-200 m/a to the sea in Shanghai. Since the reclaimed land is vital important to the city, multiple approaches to accelerating siltation are proposed in the paper according to detailed study of dynamics, sedimentary structure and landform evolution based on plentiful in situ data. It is of great significance to utilize tidal flats and reclamation of land in Shanghai.

关键词： Changjiang Estuary Shanghai tidal flat reclamation

Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2, SHEN Ji3, ZHANG Yixiang2, ZHANG Peizhen4, WANG Sumin3, LI Xiaoqiang1, SUN Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2, JIANG Shaoren2, LIU Xingqi3 & WANG Yong31. Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (cas), Xi’an 710075, China 2. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, cas, Guangzhou 510301, China 3. nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas, nanjing 210008, China 4. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China 1. Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an 710075 China 2. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology CAS Guangzhou 510301 China 3. nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China 4. Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin Shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of living and fossil plants—Metasequoia as an example

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第8期19卷 901-912页

作者： Hong Yang a,b, Qin Leng a,c a Department of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI 02917, USA b Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA c LPS, nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, cas, nanjing 210008, China [a]Department of Science and Technology College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA [b]Department of Geology and Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA [c]LPS Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology CAS Nanjing 210008 China

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis preformed on modern and fossil plants has made a significant impact on diverse research fields in biology and geology. Using living and fossil Metasequoia as an example, we review the technology of online GC-IRMS that made the molecular analysis of hydrogen isotope possible and discuss critical issues concerning with the studies of molecular dD and its applications. The apparent hydrogen fractionation factors between lipid molecules and source water (ewater–lipid) vary across plant taxonomy and differ among biomolecules and are affected by multiple environmental factors in which precipitation dD values exercise the first order of control. Eco-physiological factors and environmental parameters are also known to influence dD in plants. Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of chemically stable lipid molecules, such as n-alkanes, finds a wide range of applications in detecting source sediments, reconstruction of paleoclimatic parameters, inference of air-mass trajectory, as well as in petroleum industry and environmental studies.

关键词： Compound-specific dD Plant molecule Hydrogen fractionation Paleoclimate Metasequoia

Nitrogen export by runoff and sedimentunder different types of land use inWest Tiaoxi catchment

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第4期12卷 443-450页

作者： LIANG Tao1, ZHANG Xiumei1, ZHANG Shen1, YU Xingxiu2, WANG Hao3(1. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, cas, Beijing 100101, China 2. nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas, nanjing 210008, China 3. Institute of Reso Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing China Institute of Resources Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Five typical land covers in West Tiaoxi catchment of China, including mulberry garden, bamboo forest, pinery, vegetable plot and paddy field, were studied on nitrogen loss in artificial rainstorm runoff and sediment. Triple duplication experiments have been carried out under the artificial rain condition with an intensity of 2 ***?1 and lasting 32 minutes in 3 m2 field. Export of various species of nitrogen in runoff and sediment were investigated. The results show that nitrogen loss amount and rate are quite different among five kinds of land covers. The loss of total nitrogen in runoff of mulberry is the largest and that of paddy field is the smallest. Particle nitrogen accounts for 70–90% of total nitrogen in runoff of various kinds of land covers. Loss of dissolved nitrogen in pinery is much higher than in other kinds of land covers, which are similar among them. More detailed species of dissolved nitrogen show their respective features among various land covers. Total amounts of nitrogen loss from the top 10 cm layer of 5 kinds of soils are estimated as high as 4.66–9.40 g.m?2, of which nitrogen loss through sediment of runoff accounts for more than 90%. The rate of total nitrogen losses are ranged in 2.68–14.48 mg.m?***?1 in runoff, which is much lower than that of 100.01–172.67 mg.m?***?1 in sediment of runoff.

关键词： surface runoff nitrogen export artificial rainstorm land use

ABRUPT CHANGE OF LAKE ENVIRONMENT IN WEST CHINA: AN EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE WARMING

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 375-376页

作者： Li Shijie, Shi Yafeng, Li Wanchun, Wu Jinglu, Yin Yu, Yang Xiangdong,Xia Weilan[WT5,5”BX](nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, cas. nanjing 210008, China,E\|mail:shjli@***)

Expanding or shrinking of lakes, especially in the closed basin, directly reflects the balance situation of water\|heat regime in the catchment. Fluctuations of the water\|level can be used as an indicator of climatic and environmental changes. Authors have investigated many lakes in West China in recent years, including lakes in the Tibet Plateau and in the arid area in the northwest China. We found that all lakes have been in shrinkage, some of them were changed into swamp and some dried dramatically up, which caused the abrupt change of the lake environment. This change led the grassland to be retrogression and desertification, and made the eco\|environment deterioration in West *** Xingcuo Lake, in the height of 3425m ASL with 29km\+2 drainage area, located in the Zoige Basin, Northeastern Tibet Plateau, had changed into swamp in the area of 2km\+2 , and the vast area of peripheral marsh changed into grassland by the years of 1990. But the topographic map in the scale of 1/100000 and aerial photography surveyed at the end of 1960’s show clearly that this lake was in the area of 3 3km\+2 and surrounded by vast area of marshland. In the north central part of the Tibet Plateau, the Gourencuo Lake, in the height of 4650m ASL, was in the area of 23 5km\+2 with the average water depth of 1 3m in 1990. Then a dramatic change had been appearing in the recent years. When authors went there again in 1998,they found that the lake dried fully up. A thin salt crystal layer with saturated brine covered the flat central lake floor. This means that at least 30×10 6 m 3 water volume stored in the lake had been lost by the evaporation in 8 years, and many sand dunes had been formed. This abrupt change of lake environment could be recognized as the result of natural process or climate warming because of no human activity there.

关键词： abrupt change lake environment West China climate warming