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Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期22卷 752-759页

作者： Pinjing He,Jiafu Tang,Dongqing Zhang,Yang Zeng,Liming ShaoState key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,key laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. [a] State key laboratory of Pollution Control Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste （MSW） by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic *** showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were：dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,benzene,2-butanone,limonene and methylene ***,the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process,and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent *** sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying,whereas,two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during ***,for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic *** concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later *** the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying,i.e.,malodorous sulfur compounds,terpenes and chlorinateds,their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates;for the VOCs presented initially in MSW,such as aromatics,their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations.

关键词： bio-drying municipal solid waste odors release concentration volatile organic compounds

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Analysis of variance for testing method of cement in determination of strength

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2011年第4期21卷 341-346页

作者： Hong HUANG,Xiao-dong SHEN State key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering,College of Material Science and engineering, Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 210009,China State key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering College of Material Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China

The statistical tools such as descriptive statistics,full factorial design and analysis of source of variation were used to identify the potential factors that impact the validity of testing method for determining the strength of *** results showed that personal error impacted both accuracy and precision of test *** time associated with temperature fluctuation resulted in strength variation but did not impact the precision of test in all curing *** compactions did not impact the precision of test but resulted in the strength variation on 3 d and 28 d *** methods for the initial moist air curing significantly impacted the precision of testing method and resulted in the strength variation of cement on 1 d.

关键词： testing method of cement analysis of variance strength accuracy precision

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COMPUTATION OF FREE SURFACE FLOWS WITH HIGH RESOLUTION FINITE ELEMENT SCHEME

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2003年第3期15卷 22-27页

作者： Jin Sheng, Zhang Ri-xiang, Pu Gao-jun Department of Civil engineering, State key laboratory of Offshore engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, DepartmentofCivilengineering StateKeyLaboratoryofOffshoreEngineeringDalianUniversityofTechnologyDalian116024China

A high-resolution finite element scheme is developed for the computation offree surface problems. The present higher-order accuracy scheme is obtained through the introductionof the difference of almost equal amount of diffusion and antidiffusion, where the antidiffusion isformulated as approximation to diffusion making use of consecutive gradient. The non-oscillatoryproperties are secured by limiters to preserve positivity constraints. The implement of the schemeis based on semi-discrete form and can be considered as reconstruction of the coefficient matrix ofalgebraic system, so, it can he conveniently used by either structured or unstructured meshes. Thepower and flexibility of the present high resolution VOF-FEM approach is validated by examplesincluding convective transport, dam breaking flow, and stilling basin flow in hydraulic engineering.

关键词： free surface flow high resolution finite element scheme

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Statistical study of cement additives with and without chloride on performance modification of Portland cement

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2011年第3期21卷 246-253页

The effectiveness of cement additives with and without chloride on the fluidity and the strength development of Portland cement was compared by using statistical full factorial *** experimental results show that the cement additive containing CaCl2and Ca(NO3)2can enhance early strength of cement ***,Ca(NO3)2is less effective than CaCl2even if it is combined with other organic chemicals such as alkanolamine and *** significant difference is found between CaCl2and Ca(NO3)2influencing the fluidity and 28 d strength of *** fluidity is determined by saccharide and its interaction with *** 28 d strength enhancement is determined by *** fluidity as well as the mechanical performance of treated cement can be significantly improved by combining Ca(NO3)2with TIPA and saccharide.

关键词： Portland cement cement additive accelerator type fluidity strength development full factorial design

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Genetic Algorithm for Chinese Postman Problems

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2003年第S1期8卷 316-318页

作者： Jiang Hua, Kang Li-shanState key laboratory of Software engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei, China Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***)

Chinese Postman Problem is an unsettled graphic problem. It was approached seldom by evolutionary computation. Now we use genetic algorithm to solve Chinese Postman Problem in undirected graph and get good results. It could be extended to solve Chinese postman problem in directed graph. We make these efforts for exploring in optimizing the mixed Chinese postman problem.

关键词： Chinese postman problem Eularian graph genetic algorithm evolutionary computation

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ANALYTICAL STUDY OF WAVE MAKING IN A FLUME WITH A PARTIALLY REFLECTING END-WALL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第3期22卷 402-409页

作者： ZHOU Bin-zhen NING De-zhi TENG Bin CHEN Li-fen State key laboratory of Coastal and Offshore engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024China State key laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic engineering Nanjing Hydraulic ResearchInstitute Nanjing 210029 China

Based on the eigenfunction expansion technique, the wave generation by a piston wave maker in a wave flume with a partially reflecting end-wall is studied. The corresponding velocity potential and wave elevation in the flume are obtained. The present analytical solution is verified by the numerical results obtained from a time-domain higher-order boundary element method in a closed flume. Numerical experiments are further carried out to study the difference between the partial/full reflection boundary and the transmission boundary and the effects of the reflection coefficient and the motion period of the wave maker on the wave height. Meanwhile, the natural frequency of the wave flume can be obtained from the analytical expression. The resonance occurs when the motion frequency is equal to the natural frequency. Even the partial reflection of the end-wall in the wave flume experiments has a great influence on the wave height, therefore, inaccurate measurements would be resulted in long-time simulations, especially when the wave frequency approaches the wave flume natural frequency. The present study can serve as a guidance for the physical experiment in wave flumes.

关键词： wave flume wave maker partially reflecting end-wall resonance eigenfunction analytical study

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Transformation of organic matters in fresh leachate during anaerobic degradation under long hydraulic retention time

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1302-1308页

作者： XU Suyun,HE Pinjing,LU Fan,LI Min,SHAO Liming State key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,key laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China [a]State key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios （V/V） of 10/100, 25/100, 50/100 and 100/100, as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 50 d. Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability, with chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency as high as 87%-92% and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value （0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg）. Methane production and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates, acetate and propionate, The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the different hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the changes in microorganism community structure. After 50 d, the effluents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds （MW 〉 10 kDa） at each inoculum ratio, which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses.

关键词： biodegradability biomass lyses methane production ratio of inoculum to substrate volatile fatty acids

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Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2002年第3期14卷 303-308页

作者： ZHAO You cai (The State key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. ) State key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their long term stabilization process. In this paper, this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse. Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate. In this study, aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biodegradable matter. The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed.

关键词： landfill refuse mineralization

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A novel multi-functional cell-based microphysiometer

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第8期16卷 808-816页

作者： XU Ying, XU Gaixia, LIU Qingjun, CAI Hua, LI Yan, LI Rong and WANG Ping (Biosensor National Special laboratory, key laboratory of Biomedical engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China State key laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China) [a]Biosensor National Special laboratory Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China [b]State key laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

This paper presents a novel multi-functional microphysiometer for simultaneous measurements of several extracellular ion concentrations and action potential measurement in living cells based on MLAPS (multi-light addressable potentiometric sensor). In the microphysiometer, sorts of sensitive membranes are illuminated in parallel with n light sources at working frequencies, and the response amplitudes of each frequency component can be measured on-line by parallel processing algorithm. In the experiments, the relations of the extracellular environmental H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ under the effects of western medicines (dilantin, phenobarbital sodium) and Chinese drugs (scutellaria, medlar, hemlock parsley) were analyzed, and the effects of several drugs were evaluated. Moreover, the action potential signals of different cell types (cardiac myocytes and neurons) could be measured and analyzed by LAPS. By detecting these parameters, the system can monitor the real-time process of the cell metabolism and action potential, observe the functional responses of different kinds of membrane-bound receptors, and evaluate the activities of drugs.

关键词： multi-functional microphysiometer cell-based biosensor cellular ion concentration measurement cellular action potential.

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Mesoporous Si-MCM-48 membrane prepared by pore-filling method

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第4期53卷 1064-1068页

作者： XU DeKan & FAN YiQun State key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering,College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 210009,China 1. State key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China

Mesoporous MCM-48 membranes were prepared on asymmetric zirconia tubular support with an average pore size of 0.2 μm by hydrothermal *** support should be pretreated with H2O as a pore-filling substance to prevent the sol solution from infiltrating into the support *** SEM showed that the MCM-48 membrane was composed of tightly-connected spherical *** single gas N2 and H2 permeation experiments confirm that crack-free membrane could be prepared by pore-filling method.N2 permeance of MCM-48 membrane,synthesized by secondary growth,can reach 5.66×10-7 mol/Pa·s·m2,and the H2/N2 separation factor was 3.47 under trans-membrane pressure of 0.05 MPa.

关键词： MCM-48 mesoporous membrane pore-filling

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