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Using Satellite Data to Analyze the Initiation and Evolution of Deep Convective Clouds

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013年第6期6卷 445-450页

作者： cao Zhi-qiang HUANG Qing-Ni ZHAO Su-Rong Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Satellite Meteorological Center National Meteorological Center

In this study, two deep convective cloud cases were analyzed in detail to study their initiation and evolution. In both cases, all deep convective clouds were positioned at the rear of the cold front cloud bands and propagated backward. Satellite data showed that prior to initiation of the deep convective clouds, thermodynamic and moist conditions were favorable for their formation. In the morning, a deep convective cloud at the rear of cold front cloud band propagated backward, the outflow boundary of which created favorable conditions for initiation. An additional deep convective cloud cluster moved in from the west and interacted with the outflow boundary to develop a mesoscale convective system(MCS) with large, ellipse-shaped deep convective clouds that brought strong rainfall. The initiation and evolution of these clouds are shown clearly in satellite data and provide significant information for nowcasting and short-term forecasting.

关键词： deep convective clouds satellite data initiation evolution

Investigation on Precooling Effects of 4 K Stirling-Type Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第4期28卷 714-726页

作者： cao qiang LI Zimu LUAN Mingkai SUN Zheng TANG Xiao LI Peng JIANG Zhenhua WEI Li Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics School of Mechanical EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China Department of Electrical Engineering School of Electronics and Information EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers(SPTCs)working at liquid-helium temperatures are appealing in space applications because of their promising advantages such as high reliability,compactness,*** efforts have been put in to develop SPTCs operating at liquid-helium temperatures especially with helium-4 as the working *** structure is essential to reach such low ***,both the regenerator of the last section and the pulse tube together with the phase shifter are precooled by its upper stage or by external cold source to a low temperature of around 20 ***,the precooling effects on the regenerator and the pulse tube are synthetic in previous studies,and their independent effects have not been studied *** this manuscript,the precooling effects on the regenerator and on the pulse tube together with the phase shifter are tested independently on a unique-designed precooled *** tested precooling temperature is between 13.3 K and 22 K,and the no-load refrigeration temperature gets down to 3.6 *** analyses and numerical calculations have been carried *** is found that the influence on the regenerator is remarkable,which is different from previous *** is also found that the precooling effects on the pulse tube are relatively weak because of the large pressure-induced enthalpy flow of a real gas working at the temperatures near to the critical ***,the phase shifting capacity is analyzed with two cases and with both helium-4 and helium-3 as working fluids,and it keeps quite constant after optimizing the frequency and the precooling temperature for each *** investigation on these independent effects will provide valid reference on the precooling mechanism study of SPTCs working down to liquid-helium temperatures.

关键词： stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler precooling effects liquid-helium temperatures

Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on rat intestinal barrier function during cardiopulmonary bypass

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第16期17卷 2137-2142页

作者： Ying-Jie Sun Hui-Juan cao qiang Jin Yu-Gang Diao Tie-Zheng Zhang Department of Anesthesiology General Hospital ofShenyang Commend Shenyang 110840 Liaoning Province China

AIM:To test the ability of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) to attenuate intestinal injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) ***:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (eight each):sham-operated control;sham-operated low-dose PHC control (0.6 mg/kg);sham-operated high-dose PHC control (2.0 mg/kg);CPB vehicle control;CPB low-dose PHC (0.6 mg/kg);and CPB high-dose PHC (2.0 mg/kg).Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery 2 h after CPB for determination of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO),D-lactate and endotoxin ***,liver,mesenteric lymph nodes and lung were removed for biochemical *** tissue ultrastructure was examined by electron ***:In the sham-operated groups,high-and low-dose-PHC had no significant impact on the levels of DAO,D-lactate and endotoxin,or the incidence of intestinal bacterial translocation (BT).Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT were significantly increased in the surgical groups,compared with the sham-operated groups (0.543 ± 0.061,5.697 ± 0.272,14.75 ± 2.46,and 0/40 vs 1.038 ± 0.252,9.377 ± 0.769,60.37 ± 5.63,and 30/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).PHC alleviated the biochemical and histopathological changes in a dosedependent *** levels of DAO,D-lactate,and endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT in the high-dose PHC group were significantly lower than in the low-dose PHC group (0.637 ± 0.064,6.972 ± 0.349,29.64 ± 5.49,and 14/40 vs 0.998 ± 0.062,7.835 ± 0.330,38.56 ± 4.28,and 6/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:PHC protects the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa from injury after CPB in rats.

关键词： Penehyclidine hydrochloride Intestinal mucosa injury Cardiopulmonary bypass

Microstructure and wear resistance of AlCrFeNiMo_(0.5)Si_(x) high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding

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China Foundry 2022年第6期19卷 473-480页

作者： Xiao-cong Li Hui Liang Yan-zhou Zhao Li Gao Li Jiang Zhi-qiang cao Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina School of Physics and Electronic Technology Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029LiaoningChina

In recent years,the coating prepared by laser cladding has attracted much attention in the field of wear *** this work,AlCrFeNiMo_(0.5)Si_(x)(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloy coatings were designed and prepared on Q235 steel by laser *** effect of Si content on microstructure,microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings was studied in *** results indicate that the AlCrFeNiMo_(0.5)Si_(x) highentropy alloy coatings show an excellent bonding between substrate and the cladding *** AlCrFeNiMo_(0.5)Si_(x) coatings are composed of nano-precipitated phase with BCC structure and matrix with ordered B2 *** the addition of Si,the white phase(Cr,Mo)_(3)Si with cubic structure appears in the interdendritic,and the morphology of the coating(x=2.0)transforms into lamellar eutectic-like *** addition of Si enhances the microhardness and significantly improves the wear resistance of the *** x increases from 0 to 2.0,the average hardness of the cladding zone increases from 632 HV to 835 HV,and the wear rate decreases from 1.64×10^(-5) mm^(3)·(N·m)^(-1) to 5.13×10^(-6) mm^(3)·(N·m)^(-1).When x≥1.5,the decreasing trend of the wear rate gradually slows *** wear rates of Si1.5 and Si2.0 coatings are 5.85×10^(-6) mm^(3)·(N·m)^(-1) and 5.13×10^(-6) mm^(3)·(N·m)^(-1),respectively,which is an order of magnitude lower than that of Q235 steel.

关键词： high-entropy alloy coatings laser cladding microstructure wear resistance

Leaf area index based nitrogen diagnosis in irrigated lowland rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第1期17卷 111-121页

作者： LIU Xiao-jun cao qiang YUAN Zhao-feng LIU Xia WANG Xiao-ling TIAN Yong-chao cao Wei-xing ZHU Yan National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center forModern Crop Production/Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China

Leaf area index （LAI） is used for crop growth monitoring in agronomic research, and is promising to diagnose the nitrogen （N） status of crops. This study was conducted to develop appropriate LAI-based N diagnostic models in irrigated lowland rice. Four field experiments were carried out in Jiangsu Province of East China from 2009 to 2014. Different N application rates and plant densities were used to generate contrasting conditions of N availability or population densities in rice. LAI was determined by LI-3000, and estimated indirectly by LAI-2000 during vegetative growth period. Group and individual plant characters （e.g., tiller number （TN） and plant height （H）） were investigated simultaneously. Two N indicators of plant N accumulation （NA） and N nutrition index （NNI） were measured as well. A calibration equation （LAI=1.7787LAI2o00-0.8816, R2=0.870＂） was developed for LAI-2000. The linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between NA and actual LAI （R2=0.863^＊＊）. For the NNI, the relative LAI （R2=0.808-） was a relatively unbiased variable in the regression than the LAI （R^2=0.33^＊＊）. The results were used to formulate two LAI-based N diagnostic models for irrigated lowland rice （NA=29.778LAI-5.9397; NNI=0.7705RLAI＋0.2764）. Finally, a simple LAI deterministic model was developed to estimate the actual LAI using the characters of TN and H （LAI=-0.3375（THxHx0.01）2＋3.665（TH×H×0.01）-1.8249, R2=0.875＊＊）. With these models, the N status of rice can be diagnosed conveniently in the field.

关键词： leaf area index rice LAI-2000 nitrogen diagnosis plant characters

A Novel Series of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys Ti2ZrHf0.5VNbx with High Specific Yield Strength and Good Ductility

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第8期32卷 925-931页

作者： Dong-Xu Qiao Hui Jiang Wen-Na Jiao Yi-Ping Lu Zhi-qiang cao Ting-Ju Li Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

A series of Ti2ZrHf0.5VNbx( x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) refractory high-entropy alloys were prepared to investigate the alloying effect of Nb on the microstructures and mechanical *** the alloys displayed a simple BCC *** microstructures of the alloys changed from the initial single-phase columnar structure( x = 0) to dendrite microstructure( x > 0).At room temperature, all the alloys exhibited high ductility(with the compressive strains of more than 50%).With the increase in Nb content, the yield strength slightly decreased from 1160 to 980 MPa and the hardness dropped from 338 to 310 ***, the alloys exhibited low density from 6.47 to 6.84 g/cm3 and high specific yield strength(SYS) from 143 to 179 kPa m3/*** comprehensive performance of ductility and SYS was superior to most of the reported highentropy *** yield strength of the alloys increased from 405 to 859 MPa and from 85 to 195 MPa with the addition of Nb element at 873 K and 1073 K, respectively.

关键词： Specific yield strength Refractory metals Structure Mechanical properties

Toughening mechanisms of a high-strength acicular ferrite steel heavy plate

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第5期17卷 567-572页

作者： Zhi-qiang cao Yan-ping Bao Zheng-hai Xia Deng Luo Ai-min Guo Kai-ming Wu Engineering Research Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Research ＆ Development Center Xiangtan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. Xiangtan 411101 China Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Systems Science on Metallurgical Processing Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China

An ultra-low carbon acicular ferrite steel heavy plate was obtained with an advanced thermo-mechanical control process-relaxed precipitation controlled transformation （TMCP-RPC） at Xiangtan Steel, Valin Group. The heavy plate has a tensile strength of approximately 600 MPa with a lower yield ratio. The impact toughness of the heavy plate achieves 280 J at ？40°C. The fine-grained mixed microstructures of the heavy plate mainly consist of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and polygonal ferrite. The high strength and excellent toughness of the heavy plate are attributed to the formation of acicular ferrite microstructure. The prevention of blocks of martensite/retained austenite （M/A） and the higher cleanness are also responsible for the superior toughness.

关键词： high-strength steel microstructure mechanical properties acicular ferrite

Kinetic Model of Hypophosphite Oxidation on a Nickel Electrode in D_2O Solution

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第7期12卷 641-644页

作者： Yue ZENG Hui Xian WANG Shang Ci YU Xin De WU Xue qiang cao Department of Chemistry Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410006 Department of Chemistry Jishou UniversityJishouHunan 416000

Kinetic model of hypophosphite oxidation on a nickel electrode was studied in D2O solution in order to reach a better understanding of the oxidation mechanism. In the model;he electrooxidation of hypophosphite undergo a H abstraction of hypophosphite from the P-H bond to form the phosphorus-centered radical (PWO2-)-P-., which subsequently is electrochemically reacted with water to form the final product, phosphite. The kinetic equations were derived, and the kinetic parameters were obtained from a comparison of experimental results and the kinetic equations. The process of hypophosphite electrooxidation could be well simulated by this model.

关键词： Kinetic model hypophosphite oxidation mechanism nickel electrode

Small-molecule inhibitor of smoothend suppress neuroinflammation through hedgehog signaling independent mechanisms

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2018年第9期32卷 706-707页

作者： cao Zhong-qiang ZHEN Xue-chu ZHENG Long-tai Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China

OBJECTIVE Microglial activation mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of neurodegerative *** purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of small-molecule inhibitors of smoothend(Smo) on microglial activation mediate *** To search for the novel anti-neuroinflammatory agents,the BV-2 cel-based nitric oxide(NO) assay was used to screen a series of small-molecule inhibitors of *** production of NO and cell viability were detected by Griess and MTT assay *** expression of inflammatory factors were evaluated by Real-time quantitative PCR or Western blotting or ELISA assay,and activation of signal molecules were detected by Western *** dopaminergic neuronal cell apoptosis were measured by flow *** stereotaxic injection of LPS into the mice Substantia Nigra(SN) were employed to establish animal model of neuroinflammation and immunofluorescence staining on brain slices sections were used to verify microglial activation and dopaminergic cell *** To search for the compounds that inhibit microglial activation,we have screened a series of Smo inhibitors(0.01-40 μmol·L^(-1)) for the activity to inhibit NO production in BV-2 microglia *** the Smo inhibitors tested,Hh-079 strongly inhibited LPS-induced microglial NO production without affecting the cell ***-079 significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors in LPSstimulated BV-2 microglial ***-079 inhibited phosphorylation of IKKα/β,phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα,phosphorylation of P65 subunit of NF-κB and NF-κB transcriptional activity in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial ***-079 reduced cytotoxicity of conditioned media of activated microglia toward HT-22 neuroblastoma cells in a co-culture *** studies demonstrated that among the Shh-Ptch-Gli pathway,microglia cells did not express detectable levels of Shh,Smo and ***,neither Smo inhibit

关键词： smoothend inhibitor Hh-079 neuroinflammation microglia