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Overpressure development and oil charging in the central Junggar Basin,Northwest China:Implication for petroleum exploration

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第11期52卷 1791-1802页

作者： xiyuan cai China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing 100092 China

The Junggar Basin is one of the largest and most petroliferous superimposed petroleum basins in China. The central depression area has become the frontier field for petroleum exploration. The characteristics of potential source rocks and reservoir sandstones, and the pressure regime in the central Junggar Basin were studied. Permian shales are dominated by hydrogen-rich, oil-prone algal organic matter, and Jurassic mudstones are dominated by hydrogen-poor, higher-plant derived organic matter. These source rocks are widespread and have been mature for hydrocarbon generation, suggesting good to excellent exploration potential, both for crude oils and for natural gases. The deeply buried Jurassic sandstones usually have low porosity and permeability. However, sandstones beneath the Jurassic/Cretaceous unconformity display relatively high porosity and permeability, suggesting that meteoric water leaching had improved the quality of the sandstones. Overpressure developed over much of the central Junggar Basin. The overpressured rocks are characterized by slightly increased interval transit time, low sandstone permeability, increased organic matter maturity, and high relative hydrocarbon-gas contents. Mudstones in the overpressured system have quite the same clay mineral compositions as mudstones in the lower part of the normally pressured system. Overpressure generation in the central Junggar Basin is best to be explained as the result of hydrocarbon generation and fluid retention in low-permeability rocks. Petroleum generated from Permian and Jurassic source rocks could migrate laterally through preferential petroleum migration pathways and accumulated in structural traps or lithological traps in the overpressured system, or migrate vertically through faults/ hydraulic fractures into the overlying, normally pressured system and accumulate in structural or lithological traps. Therefore, commercial petroleum reservoirs could be potentially found in both the overpressured

关键词： pressure regime overpressure generation oil charge petroleum exploration potential Junggar Basin

Cretaceous Sandbody Characters at Shallow-Water Lake Delta Front and the Sedimentary Dynamic Process Analysis in Songliao Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1478-1494页

作者： cai xiyuan ZHU Rong China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Beijing 100029 China Department of Ocean Science andEngineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China

Based on the abundant information from drilling, cores, and logging, the influence of topography, size of rivers and lakes, climate changes and the lake level＇s fluctuation on the sandbodies at shallow-water delta front are systematically summarized and the sedimentary dynamic processes are analyzed. The interwell communication among the sandbodies and their planar distribution revealed from the hydrodynamic features of the development wells are integrated during the analysis. The fundamental requirements for the development of the shallow-water delta included flat topography and uniform subsiding rate. The delta plain was connected smoothly with the wide delta front and predelta, without the three-fold structure of topset, foreset, and bottomset as defined in the Gilbert Delta Model. Because of the weak fluvial effect and the lake energy is strong, the small and scattered shallow-water delta is destroyed by the scouring-backwashing, coastal current, and lake wave, resulting in the coastal sheet deposition. As the fluvial effect became stronger and the lake energy became weaker, the shape of the shallow-water deltas transferred from sheets to lumps and then branches.

关键词： lake-level fluctuation shallow-water delta sedimentary dynamics,Songliao Basin China

The Formation and Distribution of the Marine Hydrocarbon Source Rock in the Tarim Basin,NW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第3期82卷 509-519页

作者： cai xiyuan WANG Yi China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Beijing 100029 China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China

There are significant differences in type and distribution between marine source rock and continental source rock. According to the iithology, the Cambrian-Ordovician source rock in the Tarim basin is divided into two types： the carbonate source rock and the mud source rock. The two sets of source rocks are developed mainly in three sets of formations, Lower-Middle Cambrian carbonate source rock and mud source rock, Lower-Middle Ordovician mud source rock and Upper Ordovician lime mud source rock. The stratigraphic and areal distributions of the source rocks are controlled by the altitude and the sedimentary facies respectively. The mud source rock is developed in slope-semi deep sea environment. The source rock developed in the slope sedimentary environment is related with the anoxic environment and the one developed in semi deep sea has a close relationship with the up-flowing sea water. The carbonate source rock is developed mainly in platform slope of highstand systems tract and it is usually intimately associated with the salt rock. The Lower-Middle Cambrian carbonate source rock is developed mainly in the Bachu, Tazhong, Tangguzibasi and Yingmaili areas. The Lower-Middle Cambrian mud source rock is mainly developed in the areas east of the line of Kunan 1-Tadong 1. The Lower-Middle Ordovician mud source rock is developed mainly in the east slope of the Manjiaer depression. The carbonate source rock of Early Ordovician is developed mainly in the platform slope of highstand systems tract, such as the south margin of Tabei, the north slope of Tazhong, the Bachu area and Keping area.

关键词： Source rock distribution Marine sequence Tarim basin

Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin,NE China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第5期79卷 688-696页

作者： JIN Aimin LOU Zhanghua ZHU Rong cai xiyuan GAO Ruiqi Department of Water Conservancy and Ocean Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310028 China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing 100029 Exploration Bureau CNPC Beijing 100724

There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin：（1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields：（1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.

关键词： Songliao Basin hydrodynamic field groundwater chemical field vertical zonality planar division

Research on active arc-ignition technology as a possible residual-energy-release strategy in electromagnetic rail launch

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第8期23卷 167-174页

作者： xiyuan cai Sai TAN Junyong LU Xiao ZHANG Yun GUO National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033People's Republic of China

In order to solve the problem of the original residual energy release strategy being unsuitable for high-energy and fast-firing electromagnetic rail launch,this work has explored the applicability of active arc-ignition technology(AAT).The results obtained from the comparison of launching experiments show that AAT has no influence on the acceleration of the armature and is capable of quickly releasing the residual *** on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics,this work has also made numerical simulation of the muzzle arc,analyzed the influence of AAT on the muzzle arc flow field,electromagnetic(EM)field and temperature field,and evaluated the performance of AAT according to the projectile initial disturbance,the EM impact on guidance devices and the rail *** results show that AAT is now one of the most practicable strategies for residual energy release.

关键词： muzzle arc initial disturbance guidance device arc ablation backflow

Dielectric breakdown properties of Al-air mixtures

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第5期23卷 59-65页

作者： xiyuan cai Xiao ZHANG Junyong LU Sai TAN Yongsheng ZHANG Guanxiang ZHANG National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033People's Republic of China

In order to investigate the influence of aluminum vapor on the breakdown performance of air,this paper makes a study of the dielectric breakdown characteristics of Al-air mixture in the temperature range of 300-5000 K at atmospheric pressure.A Boltzmann analysis method is used to deal with the electron energy distribution function(EEDF),the reduced ionization coefficients(α/N),the reduced attachment coefficients(η/N)and the critical reduced breakdown strength((E/N)cr)so as to explore the influence of temperature and mixing ratio on the dielectric breakdown *** the temperature range of 300-2000 K,the property of the mixture is mainly determined by the mixing proportion of aluminum vapor because the composition of particles remains *** the temperature range of 2000-2500 K,the decomposition of Al2O_(2)leads to the increase of aluminum oxides and NO,and a rise in the percentage of highenergy electrons as well as the increment ofα/***,the joint action of O_(2)and NO makesη/N increase first and then decrease,and(E/N)crgoes down to a smaller temperature *** increase in the proportion of aluminum vapor causes(E/N)crto decrease in the low-temperature region and to increase in the high-temperature region,which will reduce the transition between these two temperature regions.

关键词： aluminum vapor arc discharges Boltzmann analysis dielectric properties electromagnetic rail launch muzzle arc

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中国石化油气勘探回顾与展望

石油与天然气地质 2006年第6期27卷 715-721页

作者：蔡希源中国石油化工股份有限公司北京100092

“十五”期间,中国石化油气勘探取得重大进展。发现并快速探明国内最大的海相碳酸盐岩天然气田——普光气田,并逐步探明了塔河特大型海相古岩溶油田,石油勘探实现持续稳定增长,天然气勘探实现快速发展,新增探明石油地质储量13.1×108t,... 详细信息

“十五”期间,中国石化油气勘探取得重大进展。发现并快速探明国内最大的海相碳酸盐岩天然气田——普光气田,并逐步探明了塔河特大型海相古岩溶油田,石油勘探实现持续稳定增长,天然气勘探实现快速发展,新增探明石油地质储量13.1×108t,探明天然气地质储量6 825.9×108m3;在理论和技术方面,陆相隐蔽油气藏地质理论与勘探技术系列日趋完善,海相碳酸盐岩油气藏地质理论与勘探技术系列初步形成;在管理方面积极探索了新的体制和机制,特别是在新区风险勘探方面形成了“集团化决策、项目化管理、市场化运行、社会化服务”的管理模式,有效地支持了油气勘探的大突破、大发现,为中国石化“十一五”乃至更长时期的油气资源战略的实施搭建了一个坚实的平台。

关键词：油气勘探勘探领域勘探规划中国石化

深层致密砂岩气藏天然气富集规律与勘探关键技术——以四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组天然气勘探为例

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石油与天然气地质 2010年第6期31卷 707-714页

作者：蔡希源中国石油化工股份有限公司北京100029

深层致密砂岩气藏具有埋藏深、物性差、产量低的特点,但勘探潜力大。有利烃源岩发育区控制天然气的平面分布,深层致密砂岩储层中发育的"有效储渗体"是天然气富集、高产的关键。"有效储渗体"的发育受构造、沉积相和成岩相3种因素控制。... 详细信息

深层致密砂岩气藏具有埋藏深、物性差、产量低的特点,但勘探潜力大。有利烃源岩发育区控制天然气的平面分布,深层致密砂岩储层中发育的"有效储渗体"是天然气富集、高产的关键。"有效储渗体"的发育受构造、沉积相和成岩相3种因素控制。有效孔隙控制了天然气的分布,裂缝控制了天然气的高产。四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组气藏具有超深、超高压、超致密等特征,储层和高产富集带预测难度大。利用三维三分量地震勘探技术,可有效解决优质储层预测、裂缝检测、含气性识别等关键问题。该技术在川西坳陷深层致密砂岩气藏勘探中应用取得了显著效果,使须家河组二段钻井成功率从15%提高到89%,高产井命中率从9%提高到67%,探明天然气地质储量1211×108m3,实现了川西致密气田的高效勘探。

关键词：有效储渗体三维三分量地震勘探储层预测深层致密砂岩天然气富集、高产须家河组气藏川西坳陷四川盆地

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塔里木盆地大中型油气田成控因素与展布规律

石油与天然气地质 2007年第6期28卷 693-702页

作者：蔡希源中国石油化工股份有限公司北京100029

塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多种因素控制。烃源岩分布及其热演化决定了油气田的平面分布,优质区域盖层和储盖组合控制油气富集的纵向分布,长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起、古斜坡以及前陆逆冲构造带是大中型油气田... 详细信息

塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多种因素控制。烃源岩分布及其热演化决定了油气田的平面分布,优质区域盖层和储盖组合控制油气富集的纵向分布,长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起、古斜坡以及前陆逆冲构造带是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区,构造-岩性圈闭及低幅度构造圈闭控制上古生界—中生界油气成藏,多源多期动态成藏-早期成藏改造、晚期充注调整是塔里木盆地油气成藏的重要机理。碳酸盐岩领域重点突出大型表生岩溶型和礁滩相溶蚀孔隙型等复合圈闭的勘探,碎屑岩领域应突出志留系大型地层超覆型、构造-岩性圈闭。塔北地区的阿克库勒凸起及雅克拉断凸是近期增储上产的地区,应加强该区的多层系复合油气藏立体勘探。塔中古隆起、和田河古隆起、巴楚隆起、古城墟古隆起、玛南断褶带是进一步寻找大油气田的有利目标区。超深层及寒武系盐下白云岩领域值得进一步探索。

关键词：分布规律控制因素大中型油气田塔里木盆地