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Physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers in winter wheat

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 1958-1970页

作者： XU Hai-cheng cai tie WANG Zhen-lin HE Ming-rong National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China Agronomy College Northwest A&F University

The quality or structure of a wheat population is significantly affected by the compositions of tillers. Little has been known about the physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers. Two winter wheat cultivars, Shannong 15（SN15） and Shannong 8355（SN8355）, were used to investigate the differences of productive capacity among tillers and analyze the physiological mechanisms that determine the superior tiller group. Low-position tillers（early initiated tillers） had a higher yield per spike than high-position tillers（late initiated tillers） in both cultivars, which was due to their more grain number per spike, more fertile spikelet per spike, less sterile spikelet per spike and higher grain weight. According to cluster analysis, tillers of SN15 were classified into 2 groups： superior tiller group including main stem（0）, the first primary tiller（I） and the second primary tiller（II）; and inferior tiller group including the third primary tiller（III） and the first secondary tiller（I-p）. Tillers of SN8355 were classified into 3 groups： superior tiller group（0 and I）, intermediate tiller group（II and III） and inferior tiller group（I-p）. In comparison with other tiller groups, the superior tiller group had higher photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, higher antioxidant enzyme（SOD, POD and CAT） activities and lower levels of lipid peroxidation in leaves, higher grain filling rate in both superior and inferior grains during grain filling, higher single-stem biological yield and larger single-stem economic coefficient. Correlation analysis showed that yield per spike was positively and significantly correlated with the flag leaf photosynthetic rate, grain filling rate, the antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content（except for SN15 at 5 days post-anthesis（DPA）） of flag leaf, the single-stem biological yield, and the single-stem economic coefficient. Remarkable negative correlation was also found between yield per spike and MDA content o

关键词： enzyme activities grain filling photosynthetic rate productive capacity tillers wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis,lodging resistance,and winter wheat production in semiarid regions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 62-77页

作者： Irshad AHMAD MENG Xiang-ping Muhammad KAMRAN Shahzad ALI Shakeel AHMAD LIU tie-ning cai tie HAN Qing-fang Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of ChinaNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Lodging stress results in grain yield and quality reduction in wheat. Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator significantly enhances lignin biosynthesis and thus provides mechanical strength to plants in order to cope with lodging stress. A field study was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and production of winter wheat. In the first experiment, uniconazole at concentrations of 0(CK), 15(US1), 30(US2), and 45(US3) mg L^-1 was applied as sole seed soaking, while in the second experiment with manganese(Mn) at concentration of 0.06 g L^-1 Mn, 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+ 15 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS1), 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+30 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS2), and 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+45 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS3), respectively. Uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient significantly increased the lignin content by improving the lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, tyrosine ammonialyase, and peroxidase, ameliorating basal internode characteristics, and breaking strength. The spike length, spike diameter, spikes/plant, weight/spike, yield/spike, and grain yield increased and then decreased with uniconazole application at a higher concentration, where their maximum values were recorded with UMS2 and US2 treatments. The lignin accumulation was positively correlated with lignin-related enzyme activities and breaking strength while, negatively correlated with lodging rate. Uniconazole significantly improved the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and grain yield of winter wheat and the treatments which showed the greatest effects were uniconazole seed soaking with micronutrient at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 and 0.06 g L^-1 , and uniconazole sole seed soaking at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 .

关键词： lignin biosynthesis lodging resistance semi-arid regions manganese uniconazole wheat

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Improving sentiment analysis accuracy with emoji embedding

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第4期2卷 246-252页

作者： Chuchu Liu Fan Fang Xu Lin tie cai Xu Tan Jianguo Liu Xin Lu College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China School of Software Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen518172China Institute of Accounting and Finance Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai200433China

Due to the diversity and variability of Chinese syntax and semantics,accurately identifying and distinguishing individual emotions from online texts is *** overcome this limitation,we incorporate a new source of individual sentiment,emojis,which contain thousands of graphic symbols and are increasingly being used for expressing emotion in online *** examined popular sentiment analysis algorithms,including rule-based and classification algorithms,to evaluate the impact of supplementing emojis as additional features to improve the algorithm *** were also translated into corresponding sentiment words when con-structing features for comparison with those directly generated from emoji label *** addition,considering different functions of emojis in texts,we classified all posts in the dataset by their emoji usage and examined the changes in algorithm *** found that emojis are effective as expanding features for improving the accuracy of sentiment analysis algorithms,and the algorithm performance can be further increased by taking different emoji usages into *** this study,we developed an improved emoji-embedding model based on Bi-LSTM(namely,CEmo-LSTM),which achieves the highest accuracy(around 0.95)when analyzing online Chinese *** applied the CEmo-LSTM algorithm to a large dataset collected from Weibo from December 1,2019 to March 20,2020 to understand the sentiment evolution of online users during the COVID-19 *** found that the pandemic remarkably impacted individual sentiments and caused more passive emotions(e.g.,horror and sadness).Our novel emoji-embedding algorithm creatively combined emojis as well as emoji usage with the sentiment analysis model and can handle emotion mining tasks more effectively and efficiently.

关键词： Sentiment analysis Emoji CEmo-LSTM Sentiment evolution COVID-19

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Heterogeneous population distribution enhances resistance to wheat lodging by optimizing the light environment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2211-2226页

作者： Yibo Hu Feng Qin Zhen Wu Xiaoqin Wang Xiaolong Ren Zhikuan Jia Zhenlin Wang Xiaoguang Chen tie cai College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyTai’an 271018China Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area Xuzhou 221131China

Lodging is still the key factor that limits continuous increases in wheat yields today,because the mechanical strength of culms is reduced due to low-light stress in populations under high-yield *** mechanical properties of the culm are mainly determined by lignin,which is affected by the light ***,little is known about whether the light environment can be sufficiently improved by changing the population distribution to inhibit culm ***,in this study,we used the wheat cultivar“Xinong 979”to establish a low-density homogeneous distribution treatment(LD),high-density homogeneous distribution treatment(HD),and high-density heterogeneous distribution treatment(HD-h)to study the regulatory effects and mechanism responsible for differences in the lodging resistance of wheat culms under different population *** with LD,HD significantly reduced the light transmittance in the middle and basal layers of the canopy,the net photosynthetic rate in the middle and lower leaves of plants,the accumulation of lignin in the culm,and the breaking resistance of the culm,and thus the lodging index values increased significantly,with lodging rates of 67.5%in 2020–2021 and 59.3%in 2021–*** HD-h,the light transmittance and other indicators in the middle and basal canopy layers were significantly higher than those under HD,and the lodging index decreased to the point that no lodging *** with LD,the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-Lyase(PAL),4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase(4CL),catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT),and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD)in the lignin synthesis pathway were significantly reduced in the culms under HD during the critical period for culm formation,and the relative expression levels of TaPAL,Ta4CL,TaCOMT,and TaCAD were significantly ***,the activities of lignin synthesis-related enzymes and their gene expression levels were significantly increased under HD-h compare

关键词： canopy light environment lignin lodging population distribution wheat

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Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid or Gibberellin Acid Has Different Effects on Starch Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1551-1559页

作者： PENG Dian-liang cai tie YIN Yan-ping YANG Wei-bing NI Ying-li YANG Dong-qing WANG Zhen-lin National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University

Granule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that can affect its chemical composition and the functionality of wheat products. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were used to evaluate the effects of the application of exogenous ABA or GA during the reproductive phase of the initial grain filling on starch granule size distribution and starch components in grains at maturity. The results indicated that a bimodal curve was found in the volume and surface area distribution of grain starch granules, and a unimodal curve was observed for the number distribution under all treatments. The exogenous ABA resulted in a significant increase in the proportions （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type （〈9.9 Ixm in diameter） starch granules, with a reduction in those of A-type （〉9.9 ~tm） starch granules, while, the exogenous GA3 led to converse effects on size distribution of those starch granules. The exogenous ABA also increased starch, amylose and amylopectin contents at maturity but significantly reduced the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Application of GA3 significantly reduced starch content, amylopectin content but increased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin showed a significant and negative relationship with the volume proportion of granules 〈9.9 μm, but was positively related to the volume proportion of granules 22.8-42.8 μm.

关键词： abscisic acid gibberellin granule size distribution starch winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 203-212页

作者： Matthew S.MacLennan cai tie Kevin Kovalchik Kerry M.Peru Xinxiang Zhang John V.Headley David D.Y.Chen Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada. State Key Laboratory of Bioactiue Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China Water Science and Technology Directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada SaskatoonSK S7N 3H5 Canada College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry（CE–MS） was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds（NAFCs） of oil sands process-affected water（OSPW）. A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE–MS in less than 15 min. Time of flight MS analysis（TOFMS）, optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800 m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs（between 100 and 450 m/z） are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）carbodiimide（EDC）, or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30%（V/V） methanol in water and 2%（V/V） formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE–MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500 m/z.

关键词： Capillary electrophoresis Mass spectrometry Electrospray ionization Carbodiimide Oil sands process-affected water Naphthenic acids

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自动语音识别系统中的OOV快速拒识算法

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计算机工程 2005年第10期31卷 22-24页

作者：蔡铁朱杰上海交通大学电子工程系上海200030

在自动语音识别系统的实际应用中,词表外(Out-of-Vocabulary,OOV)语音的检测与拒识非常重要。针对语音识别的实时性要求,提出了一种新的基于支持向量机的OOV快速拒识算法,并将其应用于基于DSP实现的孤立词语音识别系统中。实验结果表明... 详细信息

在自动语音识别系统的实际应用中,词表外(Out-of-Vocabulary,OOV)语音的检测与拒识非常重要。针对语音识别的实时性要求,提出了一种新的基于支持向量机的OOV快速拒识算法,并将其应用于基于DSP实现的孤立词语音识别系统中。实验结果表明,该算法计算简单,实时性好,且效果显著,拒识率达80%以上。通过与传统神经网络方法的比较,证明该算法具有更好的性能和应用潜力。

关键词：支持向量机 OOV拒识语音识别神经网络

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小波阈值降噪算法中最优分解层数的自适应选择

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控制与决策 2006年第2期21卷 217-220页

作者：蔡铁朱杰上海交通大学电子工程系上海200030

小波阈值降噪算法是一种去除数字信号中白噪声的有效算法.针对加性高斯白噪声的情况,提出一种自适应小波降噪算法,用于语音信号的增强.它能根据带噪信号的特点,自适应选择小波变换的最优分解层数.实验结果表明,该算法比经典的小波降噪... 详细信息

小波阈值降噪算法是一种去除数字信号中白噪声的有效算法.针对加性高斯白噪声的情况,提出一种自适应小波降噪算法,用于语音信号的增强.它能根据带噪信号的特点,自适应选择小波变换的最优分解层数.实验结果表明,该算法比经典的小波降噪算法具有更好的降噪效果,能有效提高算法的实用性能.

关键词：语音增强小波降噪分解层数奇异谱分析

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基于支持说话人权重的快速说话人自适应算法

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上海交通大学学报 2005年第12期39卷 1997-2001页

作者：蔡铁朱杰上海交通大学电子工程系上海200030

针对语音识别系统中快速说话人自适应问题,提出了一种支持说话人权重算法.该算法通过支持说话人的计算实现了说话人选择与自适应参数的降维,减少了自适应时的存储量,有效提高了自适应数据较少时的性能.有监督自适应的实验结果表明,在仅... 详细信息

针对语音识别系统中快速说话人自适应问题,提出了一种支持说话人权重算法.该算法通过支持说话人的计算实现了说话人选择与自适应参数的降维,减少了自适应时的存储量,有效提高了自适应数据较少时的性能.有监督自适应的实验结果表明,在仅有一句自适应语句的情况下系统误识率相对非特定人(SI)系统下降了5.82%,明显优于其他快速自适应算法.

关键词：语音识别说话人自适应支持向量机支持说话人权重

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油井流动成像束状探测电磁场

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地球物理学报 2015年第1期58卷 289-297页

作者：蔡家铁吴锡令张阔中国石油大学(北京)信息学院中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京102249

为了克服油井流动成像电磁探测的"软场"效应,提高成像质量,本文从测量物理模型出发,采用在轴向上屏蔽和径向上聚焦的方法构建束状探测场,通过有限元仿真计算电势分布以及测量敏感场,发现轴向上屏蔽后的电势分布均匀平坦,从而探测电磁场... 详细信息

为了克服油井流动成像电磁探测的"软场"效应,提高成像质量,本文从测量物理模型出发,采用在轴向上屏蔽和径向上聚焦的方法构建束状探测场,通过有限元仿真计算电势分布以及测量敏感场,发现轴向上屏蔽后的电势分布均匀平坦,从而探测电磁场可以简化为二维场;径向上聚焦后敏感区域主要集中在发射电极和接收电极之间的束状区域内,敏感场呈马鞍状,其中间敏感性明显加强.模拟流动实验测量结果表明,束状探测电磁场的测量信号较强,成像质量明显提高.

关键词： “软场”效应束状探测场屏蔽聚焦敏感场

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