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Shift From Coke to Coal Using Direct Reduction Method and Challenges

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第2期16卷 1-5页

作者： Okonkwo Paul Chukwuleke cai jiu-ju Sam Chukwujekwu XIAO Song Deakin University Geelong Campus Waurn Ponds Vic 3217 Australia Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning China School of Material Anambra State'University Uli 999062 Anambra State Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Anambra State'University Uli 999062 Anambra State Nigeria

Ironmaking involves the separation of iron ores. It not only represents the first step in steelmaking but also is the most capital-intensive and energy-intensive process in the production of steel. The main route for producing iron for steelmaking is to use the blast furnace, which uses metallurgical coke as the reductant. Concerns over the limited resources, the high cost of coking coals, and the environmental impacts of coking and sinter plants have driven steelmakers to develop alternative ironmaking processes that can use non-coking coals to reduce iron ores directly. Since the efficiency and productivity of modern large capacity blast furnaces will be difficult to surpass, blast furnaces will continue to retain their predominant position as the foremost ironmaking process for some time to come. The alternative ironmaking processes are therefore expected to play an increasingly significant role in the iron and steel industry, especially in meeting the needs of small-sized local and regional markets. It is likely that the importance of direct reduced iron （DRI） and hot metal as sources of virgin iron will continue to increase, especially in the developing countries where steelmaking is, and will be, primarily based on electric arc furnace （EAF） minimills. Consequently, the challenges that are faced by the new technology have to be embraced.

关键词： iron-bearing material coke flux coal blast furnace sintering iron ore

Effect of plough pans on the growth of soybean roots in the black-soil region of northeastern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第10期16卷 2191-2196页

作者： DONG Wen-cai FU Qiang WANG Quan-jiu CAO Cheng-peng College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Northeast Agricultural University Institute of Water Resources Xi'an University of Technology

Plough pans （PPs）, common in the black-soil region of northeastern China, have significant effects on the root systems of crops. We conducted a field experiment to study the distribution of soybean roots under the influence of PPs. The soybean roots showed compensatory growth above the PP, with higher root length and weight in soil with a PP compared to those without a PP. Roots were heavier and longer in the 15-75 cm soil layer without a PP than with a PP. Soil porosity was lower in the PP and the soil below the PP, which likely decreased the oxygen content of the soil and induced more growth of roots above the PP. The PP is also likely to decrease infiltration of rain-water and hinder the migration of nitrate downward, which in turn increased the density and length of soybean root hairs, which, hence, promoted growth.

关键词： compensatory growth plough pans root characteristics soybean

Graphdiyne Oxide Modified NiO_(x) for Enhanced Charge Extraction in Inverted Planar MAPbI_(3) Perovskite Solar Cells

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2021年第6期37卷 1309-1316页

作者： TANG Jin ZHAO Min cai Xu LIU Le LI Xiaofang jiu Tonggang Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao266237P.R.China Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411201P.R.China

The interface defects and nickel vacancies of the NiO_(x)lead to interface charge recombination,which limits its application in perovskite solar ***,graphdiyne oxide(GDYO)was added to NiO_(x)as an inorganic hole transporting *** is found that the average carrier lifetime declined from 29.2 ns to 5.4 ns and the recombination resistance increased significantly after the GDYO adding determined by the time-resolved photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy *** further demonstrated that the GDYO adding to NiO_(x)effectively improved the charge extraction,accelerated the charge transportation and suppressed the charge ***,the optimized NiO_(x)(GDYO)-based cell showed superior performance with a higher fill factor(81.99%)and improved stability with respect to the reference *** method provides a new method for property regulation of NiO_(x)in inverted planar MAPbI_(3) perovskite solar cells.

关键词： Graphdiyne oxide Nickel oxide MAPbI_(3)perovskite solar cell Charge extraction

Specific Energy Consumption Analysis Model and Its Application in Typical Steel Manufacturing Process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第10期17卷 33-37页

作者： SUN Wen-qiang cai jiu-ju DU Tao ZHANG Da-wei The State Environmental Protection Agency Key Laboratory on Eco-Industry Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819 Liaoning China

Theoretical minimum and actual specific energy consumptions （SEC） of typical manufacturing process （SMP） were studied. Firstly, a process division of a typical SMP in question was conducted with the theory of SEC analysis. Secondly, an exergy analysis model of a subsystem consisting of several parallel processes and a SEC analysis model of SMP were developed. And finally, based on the analysis models, the SEC of SMP was analyzed by means of the statistical significance. The results show that the SEC of typical SMP comprises the theoretical minimum SEC and the additional SEC derived from the irreversibility~ and the SMP has a theoretical minimum SEC of 6.74 GJ/t and an additional SEC of 19.32 GJ/t, which account for 25.88% and 74.12% of the actual SEC, respectively.

关键词： steel manufacturing process theoretical minimum specific energy consumption additional specific energy consumption actual specific energy consumption specific energy consumption analysis exergy analysis

Chemical Composition,Anticancer,Anti-neuroinflammatory,and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期24卷 207-212页

作者： LIN Jing cai Qiao-yan XU Wen LIN jiu-mao PENG Jun Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Pharmacology Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective：To study the chemical composition,anticancer,anti-neuroinflammatory,and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia（EO-PS）.Methods：Patrinia scabiosaefolia was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass *** human carcinoma cell lines,including SGC-7901,AGS,Hep G2,HT-29,HCT-8,5-FU/HCT-8,He La,and MDA-MB-231,were assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） ***-neuroinflammatory activity was assessed by production of interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells（microglia from mice）.The antioxidant activity was evaluated with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） scavenging ***：Forty-four components,representing 83.919% of the total oil,were identified in the *** major constituents were caryophyllene oxide（12.802%）,caryophyllene（6.909%）,α-caryophyllene（2.927%）,β-damascenone（3.435%）,calarene（5.621%）,and phenol（3.044%）.The MTT assay showed that the EO-PS exhibited significant dose-dependent growth inhibition in the 50–200 μg/m L dilution *** EO-PS exhibited a dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH radical,with an half of maximal inhibitory concentration 1.455 mg/m ***：The EO-PS possesses a wide range of antitumor,anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities,suggesting that it may be a good candidate for further investigations of new bioactive substances.

关键词： Patrinia scabiosaefolia essential oil anti-neuroinflammatory anticancer antioxidant caryophyllene oxide

Change in Carbon Dioxide (CO_2) Emissions From Energy Use in China's Iron and Steel Industry

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第6期18卷 31-36页

作者： SUN Wen-qiang cai jiu-ju MAO Hu-jun GUAN Duo jiao State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco Industry Institute of Thermal and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 Liaoning China Department of Energy and Power Engineering Shenyang Institute of Engineering Shenyang 110136 Liaoning China

As the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector and one of the most important sources of carhon dioxide （CO2） emissions, the China＇s iron and steel industry has paid attention to the study of changing trend and influencing factors of CO2 emissions from energy use. The logarithmic mean Divisia index （LMD1） technique is used to decompose total change in CO2 emissions into four factors： emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and steel production effect. The results show that the steel production effect is the major factor which is responsible for the rise in CO2 emissions; whereas the energy consumption effect contributes most to the reduction in CO2 emissions. And the emission factor effect makes a weak negative contribution to the increase of CO2 emis- sions. To find out the detailed relationship between change in energy consumption or steel production and change in CO2 emissions, the correlation equations are also proposed.

关键词： CO2 emissions energy use LMDI technique steel production energy consumption

Optimization and Scheduling of Byproduct Gas System in Steel Plant

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第5期22卷 408-413页

作者： Jing-hui YANG jiu-ju cai Wen-qiang SUN Jing-yu LIU State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-industry Institute of Thermal and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern University

A mathematical model was proposed to optimize byproduct gas system and reduce the total cost. The scope and boundaries of the system were also discussed at the same time. Boilers and gasholders were buffer users to solve the fluctuation of byproduct gases. The priority of gasholders should be ranked the last. The allocation of surplus ga- ses among gasholders and boilers was also discussed to make full use of gases and realize zero emission targets. Case study shows that the proposed model made good use of byproduct gases and at least 7.8 ~//00 operation cost was re- duced, compared with real data in iron and steel industry.

关键词： iron and steel industry byproduct gas energy saving optimization scheduling

Assessing effects of “source-sink” landscape on non-point source pollution based on cell units of a small agricultural catchment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2048-2062页

作者： WANG Jin-liang CHEN Cheng-long NI jiu-pai XIE De-ti GUO Xi LUO Zhi-jun ZHAO Yue School of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agriculture University Nanchang 330045 China School of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Research Center for Development and Utility of Unique Resources in the Wulingshan Region Yangtze Normal Universityf Fuling 408100 China

Ascertaining the relationship between "source-sink" landscape and non-point source(NPS) pollution is crucial for reducing NPS pollution, however, it is not easy to realize this target on cell unit scale. To reveal the relationships between "sourcesink" landscape and NPS pollution based on cell units of a small catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), the runoff and nutrient yields were simulated first by rainfall events on a cell unit scale based on the Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model(AnnAGNPS). Landscape structure and pattern were quantified with "sourcesink" landscape indicators based on cell units including landscape area indices and locationweighted landscape indices. The results showed that:the study case of small Wangjiagou catchment highlighted a good prediction capability of runoff and nutrient export by the AnnAGNPS model. Throughout the catchment, the spatial distribution trends of four location-weighted landscape indices were similar to the trends of simulated total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), which highlighted the importance of spatial arrangement of "source" and "sink" landscape types in a catchment when estimating pollutant loads. Results by Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the location-weighted landscape index provided a more comprehensive account of multiple factors, and can better reflect NPS-related nutrient loss than other landscape indices applied in single-factor analysis. This study provides new findings for applying the "source-sink" landscape indices based on cell units in small catchments to explain the effect of "source-sink" landscape on nutrient export based on cell unit, and helps improve the understanding of the correlation between "source-sink" landscape and NPS pollution.

关键词： Nutrient load Non-point source pollution Source sink Landscape index Small catchment

Source-sink landscape spatial characteristics and effect on non-point source pollution in a small catchment of the Three Gorge Reservoir Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 327-339页

作者： WANG Jin-liang NI jiu-pai CHEN Cheng-long XIE De-ti SHAO Jing-an CHEN Fang-xin LEI Ping School of Resources and Environment Southwest University School of Geography and Tourism Chongqing Normal University

The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectively. Therefore, the role of a catchment landscape pattern in nutrient losses can be identified based on the spatial arrangement of source and sink landscapes. To reveal the relations between landscape spatial characteristics and NPS pollution in small catchment, a case study was carried out in a Wangjiagou small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), China. Google earth imagery for 2015 were processed and used to differentiate source and sink landscape types, and six subcatchments were selected as sample regions for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus *** elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length was used to construct the Lorenz curves of different source and sink landscape types in the catchment, in order to assess the source and sink landscape spatial characteristics. By calculating the location-weighted landscape indices of each subcatchment and total catchment, the landscape spatial load characteristics affecting the NPS pollution was identified, with a further Pearson correlation analysis for location-weighted landscape indices and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring indicators. The analysis of Lorenz curve has revealed that the obtained distribution trend of Lorenz curve and curve area quantified well the spatial characteristics of source and sink landscape pattern related to the relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length in small catchment. Results of Pearson correction analysis indicated that location-weighted landscape index(LWLI) combining of terrain and landscape type factor did better in reflecting the status of nitrogen and phosphorus loss than the indices related to relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length.

关键词： Source-sink landscape Non-point sourcepollution Nutrient loss Lorenz curve Landscapeindex Small catchment