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Whittle’s Index Based Sensor Scheduling for Multiprocess Systems Under DoS Attacks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 329-350页

作者： cai Zai DING Kemi Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China.

In this paper,the authors consider how to design defensive countermeasures against DoS attacks for remote state estimation of multiprocess systems.For each system,a sensor will measure its state and transmits the data packets through an unreliable channel which is vulnerable to be jammed by an attacker.Under limited communication bandwidth,only a subset of sensors are allowed for data transmission,and how to select the optimal one to maximize the accuracy of remote state estimation is the focus of the proposed work.The authors first formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and investigate the existence of optimal policy.Moreover,the authors demonstrate the piecewise monotonicity structure of optimal policy.Given the difficulty of obtaining an optimal policy of large-scale problems,the authors develop a suboptimal heuristic policy based on the aforementioned policy structure and Whittle’s index.Moreover,a closed form of the indices is derived in order to reduce implementation complexity of proposed scheduling policy and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed developed results.

关键词： DoS attacks Kalman filter remote state estimation Whittle’s index.

Polarized imaging dynamic light scattering for simultaneous measurement of nanoparticle size and morphology

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 213-223页

作者： Bingyao Wang Tianyi cai Xiaoshu cai Wu Zhou Zeqi Liu Schoolof Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093China Jiaxing MeaParTech Instrument Technology Co. LtdZhejiang314000China

The performance of nanoparticles is often affected by particle size and morphology.Currently,electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy is typically utilized to determine the size and morphology of nanoparticles.However,there are issues such as difficult sample preparation,long processing times,and challenges in quantitative characterization.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a fast,accu-rate,and statistical method to measure the size and morphology of nanoparticles.In this study,a new method,called polarized imaging dynamic light scattering(PIDLS),is proposed.The nanoparticles are irradiated with a vertical linearly polarized laser beam,and a polarization camera collected the dynamic light scattering images of particles at four different polarization directions(0°,45°,90°,and 135°)at a scattering angle of 90°.The average particle size and distribution are obtained using the imaging dy-namic light scattering method at 0°polarization direction,and the morphology of the particles is ob-tained based on the depolarization patterns of the scattered light.The optical sphericityΦis defined based on the degree of linear polarization(DoLP).It is also implemented for the quantitative evaluation of the sphericity of the nanoparticles,including spherical,octahedral,nanoplate,nanorod,and linear ones.Together with the Poincarésphere parameterψ,the morphology of the nanoparticles can be roughly identified.In addition,PIDLS enables the measurement of particle size and morphology distributions simultaneously for evaluating the uniformity of particles.The effectiveness of PIDLS is verified by the measurement of five kinds of industrial titanium dioxide as well.

关键词： Imaging dynamic light scattering Polarized light scattering Non-spherical nanoparticles Morphology Online measurement

High‑Entropy Layered Oxide Cathode Enabling High‑Rate for Solid‑State Sodium‑Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 160-171页

作者： Tianxun cai Mingzhi cai Jinxiao Mu Siwei Zhao Hui Bi Wei Zhao Wujie Dong Fuqiang Huang State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Zhongke Institute of Strategic Emerging Materials Yixing 214213JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China

Na-ion O3-type layered oxides are prospective cathodes for Na-ion batteries due to high energy density and low-cost.Nevertheless,such cathodes usually suffer from phase transitions,sluggish kinetics and air instability,making it difficult to achieve high performance solid-state sodium-ion batteries.Herein,the high-entropy design and Li doping strategy alleviate lattice stress and enhance ionic conductivity,achieving high-rate performance,air stability and electrochemically thermal stability for Na_(0.95)Li_(0.06)Ni_(0.25)Cu_(0.05)Fe_(0.15)Mn_(0.49)O_(2).This cathode delivers a high reversible capacity(141 mAh g^(−1)at 0.2C),excellent rate capability(111 mAh g^(−1)at 8C,85 mAh g^(−1)even at 20C),and long-term stability(over 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles),which is attributed to a rapid and reversible O3–P3 phase transition in regions of low voltage and suppresses phase transition.Moreover,the compound remains unchanged over seven days and keeps thermal stability until 279℃.Remarkably,the polymer solid-state sodium battery assembled by this cathode provides a capacity of 92 mAh g^(−1)at 5C and keeps retention of 96%after 400 cycles.This strategy inspires more rational designs and could be applied to a series of O3 cathodes to improve the performance of solid-state Na-ion batteries.

关键词： High-entropy High-rate performance Li-TM interaction Air stability O3 layered oxide cathode

Circulating tumor DNA in liquid biopsy: Current diagnostic limitation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2175-2178页

作者： Shi-cai Liu School of Medical Information Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241002Anhui ProvinceChina

With the rapid development of science and technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is rapidly becoming an important biomarker for tumor diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis,and this cfDNA-based liquid biopsy technology has great potential to become an important part of precision medicine.cfDNA is the total amount of free DNA in the systemic circulation,including DNA fragments derived from tumor cells and all other somatic cells.Tumor cells release fragments of DNA into the bloodstream,and this source of cfDNA is called circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA).cfDNA detection has become a major focus in the field of tumor research in recent years,which provides a new opportunity for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.In this paper,we discuss the limitations of the study on the origin and dynamics analysis of ctDNA,and how to solve these problems in the future.Although the future faces major challenges,it also con-tains great potential.

关键词： Cell-free DNA Circulating tumor DNA Liquid biopsy Cancer Diagnosis Prognosis

Spin-based magnetic random-access memory for high-performance computing

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 20-23页

作者： Kaiming cai Tianli Jin Wen Siang Lew School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre(IMEC) School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University

Memory serves as a critical component in today's electronic systems for data storage and processing. In traditional computer architectures, the logic and memory units are physically separated, due to the performance gap in operational speed and capacity among memories, resulting in the fundamental limitation of the von Neumann computers.

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Review of dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antenna

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 1-26页

作者： Xiang Liu Guoping cai Department of Engineering Mechanics MOE Key Laboratory of HydrodynamicsChongqing Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Large-scale space membrane antennas have significant potential in satellite communication,space-based early warning,and Earth observation.Because of their large size and high flexibility,the dynamic analysis and control of membrane antenna are challenging.To maintain the working performance of the antenna,the pointing and surface accuracies must be strictly maintained.Therefore,the accurate dynamic modeling and effective active control of large-scale space membrane antennas have great theoretical significance and practical value,and have attracted considerable interest in recent years.This paper reviews the dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antennas.First,the development and status of large-scale space membrane antennas are summarized.Subsequently,the key problems in the dynamics and active control of large membrane antennas,including the dynamics of wrinkled membranes,large-amplitude nonlinear vibration,nonlinear model reduction,rigid-flexible-thermal coupling dynamic modeling,on-orbit modal parameter identification,active vibration control,and wave-based vibration control,are discussed in detail.Finally,the research outlook and future trends are presented.

关键词： large-scale space membrane antenna dynamicmodeling active control

An ultra-porous g-C_(3)N_(4) micro-tube coupled with MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)TX)nanosheets for efficient degradation of organics under natural sunlight

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 258-270页

作者： Zongyang Ya Qiyou Wang Jingjin cai Peng Wang Xinyu Jiang Zhiyin cai Shanglin Xiang Tingwei Wang Dongyu cai College of Materials Science&Engineering Nanjing Tech University30 South PuZhu RoadNanjing 211816China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South PuZhu RoadNanjing 211816China

It remains as a challenge for realizing efficient photo-responsive catalysts towards largescale degradation of organic pollutants under natural sunlight.This work reports a new pore engineering strategy for creating ultra-porous g-C_(3)N_(4) micro-tubes with an unprecedentedly high specific surface area of 152.96 m^(2)/g.This is mainly associated with releasing internal vapor pressure in the autoclave where the hydrothermal treatment of the urea/melamine mixture is processed.Supported by microscopic observation,porosity measurement and spectroscopic characterization,it is found that releasing the pressure at halfway of hydrothermal process is vital for forming exfoliated rod-like precursors and the de-aggregation of these rods presents substantial benefits on the production of mesopores on g-C_(3)N_(4) microtubes during the calcination of precursors.This offers a large number of reactive sites required by photocatalytic reaction.Coupling these micro-tubes with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets via electrostatic interaction yields a 1D/2D heterojunction with a close interfacial contact.The addition of metallically conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X) nanosheets accelerates the separation between electrons and holes,and also enhances the light absorption.All these merits of structural design lead to forming a group of highly efficient catalysts demonstrating an excellent photocatalytic degradation rate of k=0.0560 min^(-1)for RhB dyes under 100 mW/cm~2 visible light radiation that micks sunlight outdoors.This laboratory valuation is further supported by an outdoor test that shows a fast degradation rate of 0.0744 min^(-1)under natural sunlight.

关键词： Carbon nitride MXene Heterojunction Photocatalysis

Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs):molecular mechanisms of induction and applications

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2065-2090页

作者： Jonas Cerneckis Hongxia cai Yanhong Shi Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Irell&Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA

The induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine.iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion,are amenable to genetic engineering,and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types.iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases,perform drug screening,and develop cell therapies.In this review,we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications.We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs.We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency.Subsequently,we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models,from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids,and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases.We use examples of neurological disorders,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells.We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies.Finally,we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.

关键词： mechanisms programming holds

Microbial carbon pump shapes chemical signatures of refractory dissolved organic carbon in ocean water column

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2408-2410页

作者： Ruanhong cai Nianzhi JIAO Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Deparment of Oean Science The Hong Kong Universityof Science and TechnologyHong Kong SAR 999077China Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

The global ocean sequesters a great amount of dissolved organic carbon(DOC),which is mainly originated from indigenous microbial activities(such as photosynthesis and chemoautotrophy)in the water column,as well as various exogenous sources such as riverine input,sediment mobilization,aerosol dissolution,hydrothermal vent effusion,and others(cai and Jiao,2023).

关键词： ocean originated aerosol