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Shor's algorithm does not factor large integers in the presence of noise

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 305-320页

作者： jin-Yi cai College of Letters and Science University of Wisconsin

We consider Shor's quantum factoring algorithm in the setting of noisy quantum gates. Under a generic model of random noise for(controlled) rotation gates, we prove that the algorithm does not factor integers of the form pq when the noise exceeds a vanishingly small level in terms of n—the number of bits of the integer to be factored, where p and q are from a well-defined set of primes of positive density. We further prove that with probability 1-o(1) over random prime pairs(p, q), Shor's factoring algorithm does not factor numbers of the form pq, with the same level of random noise present.

关键词： random noise Shor's algorithm rotation gates quantum computing prime factorization

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A long-term histological research on human frontalis muscle flap specimens from recurrent blepharoptosis patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1161-1163页

作者： Lu Zhou Yu-Cheng yan jin-cai Fan Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100144China

Dear Editor,We present two patients with recurrent severe blepharoptosis after frontalis muscle(FM)flap *** we describe long-term histological changes of the FM flaps observed in revision *** flap suspension is widely applied in treating severe ptosis with poor levator function(<4 mm),and its effect is relatively stable and lasting[1].FM flap suspension is reliable and recurrent cases are observed only *** longterm research about FM flap is rare,we investigated tissue samples of revision surgery flaps which could reflect trends of morphological changes within the functioning FM flaps to some extent.

关键词： patients histological surgery

Reveal the lost entanglement for accelerated atoms in the high-dimensional spacetime

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 48-57页

作者： Jiatong yan Baocheng Zhang Qingyu cai School of Mathematics and Physics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Physics Department Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode Island 02912USA Center for Theoretical Physics Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China

When atoms are accelerated in the vacuum,entanglement among atoms will degrade compared with the initial situation before the *** this study,we propose a novel and interesting view that the lost entanglement can be recovered completely when the high-dimensional spacetime is exploited,in the case that the acceleration is not too large,since the entanglement loss rate caused by the large acceleration is faster than the recovery *** also calculate the entanglement change caused by the anti-Unruh effect and found that the lost entanglement could just be recovered part by the anti-Unruh effect,and the anti-Unruh effect could only appear for a finite range of acceleration when the interaction time scale is approximately shorter than the reciprocal of the energy gap in two dimensional *** limit case of zero acceleration is also investigated,which gives an analytical interpretation for the increase or recovery of entanglement.

关键词： entanglement acceleration high-dimensional spacetime

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Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors:The importance of preoperative diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1926-1933页

作者： Shuai yan Jia-Jie Lu Lin Chen Wei-Hua cai jin-Zhu Wu Department of Medical School Nantong UniversityNantong 226300Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226006Jiangsu ProvinceChina Nantong Institute of Liver Disease Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226006Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Accurate preoperative diagnosis is highly important for the treatment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors(PEComas)because PEComas are mainly benign tumors and may not require surgical *** analyzing the causes,properties and clinical manifestations of PEComas,we summarize the challenges and solutions in the diagnosis of PEComas.

关键词： Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors Liver Preoperative diagnosis Angiomyolipomas Mesenchymal tissue-derived tumors

BSEC Method for Unveiling Open Clusters and its Application to Gaia DR3:83 New Clusters

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 169-184页

作者： Zhong-Mu Li cai-yan Mao Institute of Astronomy and Information Dali UniversityDali 671003China

Open clusters(OCs) are common in the Milky Way, but most of them remain undiscovered. There are numerous techniques, including some machine-learning algorithms, available for the exploration of OCs. However, each method has its limitations and therefore, different approaches to discovering OCs hold significant values. We develop a comprehensive approach method to automatically explore the data space and identify potential OC candidates with relatively reliable membership determination. This approach combines the techniques of Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, Gaussian mixture model, and a novel cluster member identification technique, color excess constraint. The new method exhibits efficiency in detecting OCs while ensuring precise determination of cluster memberships. Because the main feature of this technique is to add an extra constraint(EC) for the members of cluster candidates using the homogeneity of color excess,compared to typical blind search codes, it is called Blind Search-Extra Constraint(BSEC) method. It is successfully applied to the Gaia Data Release 3, and 83 new OCs are found, whose color–magnitude diagrams(CMDs) are fitted well to the isochrones. In addition, this study reports 621 new OC candidates with discernible main sequence or red giant branch. It is shown that BSEC technique can discard some false negatives of previous works, which takes about three percentage of known clusters. It shows that as an EC, the color excess(or twocolor) constraint is useful for removing fake cluster member stars from the clusters that are identified from the positions and proper motions of stars, and getting more precise CMDs, when differential reddening of member stars of a cluster is not large(e.g., ΔE(G_(BP)-G_(RP)) < 0.5 mag). It makes the CMDs of 15% clusters clearer(in particular for the region near turnoff) and therefore is helpful for CMD and stellar population studies. Our result suggests that the color excess con

关键词： Galaxy stellar content-(Galaxy:)open clusters and associations general-stars fundamental parameters

Spin-based magnetic random-access memory for high-performance computing

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 20-23页

作者： Kaiming cai Tianli jin Wen Siang Lew School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre(IMEC) School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University

Memory serves as a critical component in today's electronic systems for data storage and processing. In traditional computer architectures, the logic and memory units are physically separated, due to the performance gap in operational speed and capacity among memories, resulting in the fundamental limitation of the von Neumann computers.

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N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective(dynamic) kinetic resolutions and desymmetrizations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 482-511页

作者： Yi Zhang Hui cai Xiuhai Gan Zhichao jin National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationGuizhou UniversityHuaxi DistrictGuiyang550025China

N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective kinetic resolutions,dynamic kinetic resolutions,and desymmetrization reactions are systematically *** content is organized according to the activation modes involved i... 详细信息

关键词： N-heterocyclic carbene kinetic resolution dynamic kinetic resolution desymmetrization organocatalysis

Multistep continuous flow synthesis of Erlotinib

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 371-375页

作者： Hui jin Qin cai Peiwen Liu yan Chen Derong Wang Weiping Zhu Yufang Xu Xuhong Qian State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologySchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Erlotinib is an orally administered, highly effective, specific epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The traditional synthetic methods for Erlotinib exhibit long reaction time and safety concern. Herein, we describe a novel five-step route for the synthesis of Erlotinib in flow. These five steps comprise etherification, nitration, reduction,addition and cyclization reactions. All steps were optimized and converted to continuous flow process,which drastically reduces the reaction time and considerably improves the process safety as well as the total yield. Enabled by five continuous flow units, Erlotinib is efficiently afforded with an E-factor of 38,an overall yield of 83%, and a total residence time of 25.1 min. Majority steps in this process have been optimized for quantitative conversion, which offers the possibility of telescoping the entire process.

关键词： Erlotinib Continuous flow synthesis Microchannel flow reactor Process optimization Continuous nitration Continuous hydrogenation

Chemical Constituents from Bletilla ochracea Schltr.

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2007年第6期23卷 705-707页

作者： cai jin-yan ZHAO Lin ZHANG De-zhi Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China School of Life Science and Biopharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China

To study the chemical constituents in Bletilla ochracea Schltr. , repeated column chromatographies and preparative TLC were used for the isolation of compounds, and spectroscopic techniques （NMR, IR, UV and MS） were used for their structural identification. Seven compounds, 2,7-bis （ allyloxy ） -5-methoxy-3-methyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene（1）, gastrodin（2）, gastrodigenin（3）, β-sitosterol（4）, stigmasterol（5）, 4-hydroxybernzaldehyde（6）, and daucosterol（7） were obtained from the roots of B. ochracea Schltr. Compound 1 is structurally illustrated as a novel compound, and the others are isolated from the title plant for the first time.

关键词： Bletilla ochracea Schltr. Dihydrophenanthrene Gastrodin Sterol