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CO_2 mitigation potential in farmland of China by altering current organic matter amendment pattern

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1351-1357,1407-1417页

作者： cadisch georg Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim

The estimation of the global warming mitigation potential in terrestrial ecosystems is of great importance for decision makers to adopt measures to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. In this paper, we compiled data published in peer-reviewed journals, and conducted a holistic analysis of the effects of organic matter amendment on soil organic carbon sequestration, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in paddy and upland systems. Results showed that organic matter amendment increased soil organic carbon content, and apparent conversion rate of organic matter carbon to soil organic carbon in paddies was constant, while that in uplands decreased along with amendment years at 25 years time scale. Organic matter amendment during the rice season led to large CH4-C emissions, e.g on average 99.5 g CH4-C per kg organic carbon input under intermittent flood conditions, and 191.7 g CH4-C per kg organic carbon input under continuous flood conditions, respectively. By alteration of organic matter amendment from rice season to off-rice upland crop season, estimated CH4-C emissions in China could be cut by 3.5 Tg yr-1, accounting for 63% of current CH4-C emissions (5.5 Tg). If organic matter amendment percentage was increased from current 30% to future 50% of organic matter production and by alteration of organic matter amendment from rice season to off-rice upland crop season, the equivalent CO2-C mitigation potential in farmland of China would be 49.2 Tg yr-1 at the 10th year organic matter amendment and 36.0 Tg yr-1 at the 30th year amendment. These findings are important not only for China but also for the other rice production countries to increase farmland global warming mitigation.

关键词： climate change global warming radiative forcing SOC GHGs CH4 N2O

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Paddy System with a Hybrid Rice Enhances Cyanobacteria Nostoc and Increases N2 Fixation

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 374-387页

作者： MA Jing BEI Qicheng WANG Xiaojie LIU Gang georg cadisch LIN Xingwu ZHU Jianguo SUN Xiaoli XIE Zubin State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the TYopics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart 70593 (Germany)

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) plays a significant role in maintaining soil fertility in paddy field ecosystems. Rice variety influences BNF, but how different rice varieties regulate BNF and associated diazotroph communities has not been quantified. Airtight, field-based 15N2-labelling grow th chamber experiments were used to assess the BNF capac 辻 y of different rice varie ties. In addition, both the 16S rRNA and nifH genes were sequenced to assess the influence of different rice varieties on bacterial and diazotrophic communities in paddy soils. After subjecting a rice-soil system to 74 d of continuous airtight, field-based 15N2 labelling in pots in a growth chamber, the amounts of fixed N were 22.3 and 38.9 kg ha^-1 in inbred japonica (W23) and hybrid indica (IIY) rice cultivars plan ted in the rice-soil systems, respectively, and only 1%—2.5% of the fixed N was allocated to the rice plants and weeds. A greater abundance of diazotrophs was found in the surface soil (0-1 cm) under IIY than under W23. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed significantly greater abundances of the cyanobacterial genera Nostoc, Anabaena, and Cylindrospermum under IIY than under W23. Sequencing of the nifH gene also showed a significantly greater abundance of Nostoc under IIY than under W23. These results indicate that the hybrid rice cultivar (IIY) promoted BNF to a greater extent than the inbred rice cultivar (W23) and that the increase in BNF might have been due to the enhanced heterocystous cyanobacteria Nostoc.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation nifH gene 15N2 labelling rice variety 16S rRNA gene

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Calibration of CO<sub>2</sub>Trapping in Alkaline Solutions during Soil Incubation at Varying Temperatures Using a Respicond VI

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第5期4卷 161-167页

作者： Natalya Smirnova Michael Scott Demyan Frank Rasche georg cadisch Torsten Müller Institute of Crop Science (340i) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics (380a) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2)-evolution from soils are important in evaluating biomass and activity of soil microorganisms, as well as decomposition of soil organic matter. The Respicond VI is a fully computerized system allowing continuous measurement of CO2 evolution in short- and long-term soil incubation experiments in up to 96 incubation vessels. The measurement of CO2 evolution is based on the absorption of CO2 by an electrolyte (KOH solution) producing a change in the cell conductance measured using two electrodes. In this study, the Respicond VI was recalibrated yielding 174.5 mg CO2 as constant A expressing the theoretical maximum amount of CO2 absorbed in 10 ml 0.5 M KOH. This value of A corresponds to 34.9 mg CO2 ml-1 1 M KOH. The constant A does neither depend on the investigated incubation temperatures (5°C - 25°C) nor on the concentrations of the KOH solutions (0.5, 0.1, 0.05 M KOH). To eliminate any influence of changing incubation temperatures, either induced by uncertainties in temperature control or as a part of the experimental setup, on the conductance of KOH solution, a correction procedure was developed using a factor calculated from changing conductance of KOH solutions in incubation vessels without soil.

关键词： Respirometer Soil Respiration Carbon Dioxide Incubation

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Beans with Benefits—The Role of Mungbean (<i>Vigna radiate</i>) in a Changing Environment

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 1577-1600页

作者： Lisa Pataczek Zahir Ahmad Zahir Maqshoof Ahmad Saima Rani Ramakrishnan Nair Roland Schafleitner georg cadisch Thomas Hilger Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics Agronomy in the Tropics and Subtropics (490e) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan Agricultural Economics Research Institute PARC National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad Pakistan The World Vegetable Center South Asia Hyderabad India Biotechnology and Molecular Breeding The World Vegetable Center Taiwan

Dryland areas are experiencing low agricultural yields due to severe water shortages and salinity, leading to food scarcity. Mungbean (Vigna radiate) is gaining attention as a short-season crop that can tolerate dryland conditions, and fix atmospheric nitrogen, decreasing soil nutrient depletion. It is a source of high-quality protein for human consumption and can serve as a multipurpose crop, if harvest residues are used as fodder or green manure. However, little of this legume’s potential has been explored. This review aims to underline the importance of mungbean as an agricultural crop by reviewing relevant literature on the potential contribution of mungbean to food security and a balanced diet as well as the effect of mungbean cultivation on farm income and gender equality. The challenges of climate change in plant production are discussed, and how progress in mungbean breeding and the application of improved cultivation techniques, such as regulated deficit irrigation, conservation agriculture, and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can overcome them.

关键词： Adaption Strategies PGPR Food Security Residual Effects Conservation Agriculture

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全球尺度过量氮元素输入的土壤功能响应

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2004年第B12期33卷 506-512页

作者： Mark Adams Phil Ineson Dan Binkley georg cadisch Naoko Tokuchi Mary Scholes Kevin Hicks 孙会首（译）西澳大利亚大学自然资源管理中心约克大学全球变化生态学科罗拉多州立大学森林生态学德国斯图加特霍恩海姆大学植物生产力及热带和亚热带农业生态学研究所京都大学野外科学教育和研究中心约翰内斯堡威特沃特斯兰德（Witwatersrand）大学约克大学的斯德哥尔摩环境研究院不详

很少证据显示南半球大陆高度风化、低磷、酸性土壤中氮(N)循环与北美和欧洲有很大的差别。来自南半球的证据表明:不同的土地利用方式中,氮损失的形态和时间模式有相似性;不同大陆林地地表/枯枝落叶层的碳氮比(C:N)对于全球尺度上一系列... 详细信息

很少证据显示南半球大陆高度风化、低磷、酸性土壤中氮(N)循环与北美和欧洲有很大的差别。来自南半球的证据表明:不同的土地利用方式中,氮损失的形态和时间模式有相似性;不同大陆林地地表/枯枝落叶层的碳氮比(C:N)对于全球尺度上一系列过程有强烈的预示性;根据北半球增施氮对"受磷制约"的生态系统影响的归纳很可能不适用于南半球生态系统,当地植物结构上和生理上对低磷土壤的适应使得磷制约概念变得可疑;大大地增加了氮的输入和周转的土地利用变化很可能是南半球生态系统的最大威胁;局部氮施入的增加很可能与北半球观测到的效果相似。

关键词：酸性土壤氮元素功能响应全球过量土地利用方式生态系统土地利用变化枯枝落叶层

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