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Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/ni system

journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： s.Terlicka n.sobczak Ł.Maj p.Darłak j.j.sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure ni *** comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the capillary purification(cp)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical contact Heating(cH)*** high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(cp:760℃for 30 s;cH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) *** the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/ni couples were recorded by ccD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the cp procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the ni substrate(an average contact angleθns),followed by fast spreading and good wetting over the ni substrate(θ_((cp))~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(cp))~18°.In contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the cH procedure,where the unavoidable primary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys sessile drop tests capillary purification procedure Wettability Reactivity contact angle

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Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： n.IQBAL j.cHOI s.F.sHAH c.LEE s.LEE Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline ni-rich LinixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(nMc)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(pEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary nMc particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more ***,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress *** paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of nMc active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation ni-rich LinixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(nMc)

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Early phases of star Formation: Testing chemical Tools

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 96-118页

作者： n.c.Martinez s.paron cOnIcET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio Ciudad Universitaria(C1428EGA)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

star-forming processes strongly influence the IsM ***,many high-quality databases are available at millimeter *** them,it is possible to carry out studies that review and deepen previous *** these studies involve large samples of sources,it is preferred to use direct tools to study the molecular *** the aim of testing these tools such as the use of the Hcn/Hnc ratio as a thermometer,and the use of H^(13)cO^(+),Hc_(3)n,n_(2)H^(+) and c_(2)H as "chemical clocks," we present a molecular line study toward 55 sources representing massive young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages:infrared dark clouds(IRDcs),highmass protostellar objects(HMpOs),hot molecular cores(HMcs) and ultracompact H II *** found that the use of the Hcn/Hnc ratio as a universal thermometer in the IsM should be taken with care because the Hcn optical depth is a big issue that can affect the ***,this tool should be utilized only after a careful analysis of the Hcn spectrum,checking that no line,neither the main nor the hyperfine ones,presents absorption *** point out that the analysis of the emission of H^(13)cO^(+),Hc_(3)n,n_(2)H^(+) and c_(2)H could be useful to trace and distinguish regions among IRDcs,HMpOs and *** molecular line widths of these four species increase from the IRDc to the HMc stage,which can be a consequence of the gas dynamics related to the starforming processes taking place in the molecular *** results not only contribute with more statistics,acting as a probe of such chemical tools,useful to obtain information in large samples of sources,but also complement previous works through the analysis of other types of sources.

关键词： stars:formation IsM:molecules IsM:clouds

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characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： j.cikhardt M.Gyrdymov s.Zähter p.Tavana M.M.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko j.jacoby X.F.shen A.pukhov n.E.Andreev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GsI Helmholtzzentrum für schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national Research nuclear University MEphI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev physical Institute RAs Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the pHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： I.A.O.Beeren G.Dos santos p.j.Dijkstra c.Mota j.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui L.Reis n.neves s.camarero-Espinosa M.B.Baker L.Moroni Department of complex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal IcVs/3B’s-pT Government Associate Laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal pOLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain IKERBAsQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing(ME-AM)is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engi-neering ***,most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell *** of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct;however,there are limited strategies available to control the surface ***,we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k(pcL5k)containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight pcL75k at different *** porous three-dimensional(3D)scaf-folds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage(75 wt.%)of the low molecular weight pcL *** a proof-of-concept test,we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface,yielding a density of 201-561 pmol/cm^(2).subsequently,a bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMp-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions,and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMscs)was *** two weeks of culturing in a basic medium,cells expressed higher levels of BMp receptor II(BMpRII)on films with the conjugated *** addition,we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films contain-ing the highest peptide density(i.e.,561 pmol/cm^(2)),indicating the importance of the surface *** together,these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material ***,we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of(m

关键词： Additive manufacturing Blending surface functionalization surface density click chemistry Human

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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： j.Touche c.calvaruso p.De Donato M.-p.Turpault InRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance Ecosustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(p)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(n)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： natural drought Beech forest canopy Resorption Foliar leaching senesced leaves nutrition

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single atom cu-n-c catalysts for the electro-reduction of cO_(2) to cO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： s.pérez-Rodríguez M.Gutiérrez-Roa c.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz p.Arévalo-cid M.V.Martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo M.j.Lázaro D.sebastián Instituto de carboquímica(csIc) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de catálisis y petroleoquímica(csIc) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain synchrotron sOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical cO_(2) reduction reaction(cO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(cu-n-c) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient cO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of cu-n-c materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for cO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized cu-nc catalysts are found to be active and highly cO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 M KHcO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing cu-n_(4) moieties exhibits a cO_(2)-to-cO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/cO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from cO_(2)RR.

关键词： cu-n-c carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode carbon dioxide reduction reaction carbon monoxide

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cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements

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nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： s.Madhu H.c.Manjunatha n.sowmya B.M.Rajesh L.seenappa R.s.susheela Department of physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Technological University BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Department of physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Department of physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Department of physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Department of physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We investigated ^(50,52-54)cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior *** estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior *** the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 MeV for ^(53)cr+^(243)Am,23.2 fb at 236 MeV for ^(54)cr+^(247)cm,95.6 fb at 240 MeV for ^(53)cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 MeV for ^(53)cr+***,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

关键词： Fusion cross sections compound nucleus formation probability survival probability Evaporation residue cross sections

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Laser-induced graphene-coated wearable smart textile electrodes for biopotentials signal monitoring

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Frontiers of Materials science 2024年第1期18卷 95-111页

作者： c.M.Vidhya Yogita Maithani sakshi Kapoor j.p.singh Department of physics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India

This paper describes how to produce a wearable dry electrode at a reasonable cost and how to use it for the monitoring of biopotentials in *** textiles in wearable technologies have made a great advancement in the health care management and living standards of *** was manufactured using the low-cost single-step process,laser ablation of polyimide,a commercial *** dispersions were made using solvent isopropyl alcohol which has low boiling point,nontoxicity,and environmental *** successive coating of the graphene dispersion on the cotton fabric to make it conductive,the sheet resistance of the resulting fabric dropped to 3% of its initial *** laser-induced graphene(LIG)cotton dry electrodes thus manufactured are comparable to Ag/Agcl wet electrodes in terms of the skin-to-electrode impedance,measuring between 78.0 and 7.2 kΩ for the frequency between 40 Hz and 1 *** LIG cotton electrode displayed a signal-to-noise ratio of 20.17 *** to its comfort,simplicity,and good performance over a longer period of time,the textile electrode appears suited for medical applications.

关键词： biopotential electrocardiogram electromyogram flexible electrode textile porous graphene

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polio eradication surveillance in sri Lanka,2019-2023

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Asian pacific journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 268-272页

作者： M.A.Y.Fernando n.s.Madarasinghe c.Rangana n.Weerasinghe D.c.U.D.Weligamage j.I.Abeynayake Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka Department of Virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka Medical Research Institute Colombo 08Sri Lanka

Objective:To evaluate the polio laboratory surveillance carried out from january,2019 to May,2023 by the polio Regional Reference Laboratory,sri ***:This retrospective study analyzed all stool samples received under the acute flaccid paralysis(AFp)and immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDpV)surveillance at polio Regional Reference Laboratory,sri Lanka from january,2019 to May,*** results of the testing methodologies were extracted from the laboratory data system,i.e.,poliovirus virus isolation,intra-typic differentiation/VDpV real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(ITD/VDpV rRTpcR)and sequencing,along with the data on timing of reporting results,stool adequacy and *** was analyzed using descriptive ***:A total of 2141 stool samples from 1644 cases were received for AFp surveillance from sri Lanka(93.61%),Maldives(1.52%),and immunodeficient VDpV(4.86%)*** polioviruses(19/1644,1.15%)and non-polio enteroviruses(73/1644,4.44%)were isolated,while sabin-like 3 virus was detected in majority(12/19,63.15%)among the poliovirus *** polioviruses or circulating VDpVs were not detected among the *** all years of the study,the non-polio AFp detection rate was>1/100000 in children aged less than 15 years,whereas stool adequacy rate was>80%.All results were reported within 14 days of receipt,ensuring timely reporting as per global ***:The polio Regional Reference Laboratory,sri Lanka plays a vital role in maintaining the polio-free status in the country through its robust laboratory surveillance,while adhering to the surveillance ***-detection of wild polioviruses and circulating VDpV during the study period reinforces the polio-free status in the country.

关键词： poliovirus polio laboratory surveillance Regional reference laboratory polio eradication

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