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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.canick James c.campbell charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa m.collins Duke University School of medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

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Higgs-like(pseudo)scalars in AdS_(4),marginal and irrelevant deformations in cFT_(3),and instantons on S^(3)

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chinese Physics c 2024年第4期48卷 68-81页

作者： m.Naghdi Department of Physics Faculty of Basic SciencesUniversity of IlamIlamIran

Employing a 4-form ansatz of 11-dimensional supergravity over a non-dynamical AdS_(4)×S^(7)/Z_(k)background and setting the internal space as an S1 Hopf fibration on cP3,we obtain a consistent ***(pseudo)scalars,in the resulting scalar equations in Euclidean AdS_(4)space,may be considered to arise from(anti)m-branes wrapping around the internal directions in the(Wick-rotated)skew-whiffed m2-brane background(as the resulting theory is for anti-m2-branes),thus realizing the modes after swapping the three fundamental representations 8_(s),8_(c),and 8_(v) of SO(8).Taking the backreaction on the external and internal spaces,we obtain the massless and massive modes,corresponding to exactly marginal and marginally irrelevant deformations on the boundary cFT3,***,we obtain a closed solution for the bulk equation and compute its correction with respect to the background ***,considering the Higgs-like(breathing)mode m^(2)=18,having all supersymmetries as well as parity and scale-invariance broken,solving the associated bulk equation with mathematical methods,specifically the Adomian decomposition method,and analyzing the behavior near the boundary of the solutions,we realize the boundary duals in the SU(4)×U(1)-singlet sectors of the ABJm ***,introducing the new dual deformationΔ_(+)=3,6 operators made of bi-fundamental scalars,fermions,and U(1)gauge fields,we obtain the SO(4)-invariant solutions as small instantons on a three-sphere with the radius at infinity,which correspond to collapsing bulk bubbles leading to big-crunch singularities.

关键词： AdS_(4)/cFT_(3)correspondence scalar equations in AdS_(4) instantons marginal and irrelevant operators (anti)m-branes

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Role of marine natural products in the development of antiviral agents against SARS‑coV‑2:potential and prospects

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marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 280-297页

作者： D.P.Nagahawatta N.m.Liyanage Thilina U.Jayawardena H.H.A.c.K.Jayawardhana Seong‑Hun Jeong Hyung‑Jun Kwon You‑Jin Jeon Department of marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea Department of chemistry Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresTrois-RivièresQC G8Z 4M3Canada marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Functional Biomaterial Research center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyJeongeup-siRepublic of Korea

A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-coV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ***-coV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World Health ***,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-coV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently *** naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse *** intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-coV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic *** natural products(mNPs)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and ***,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-coV-2 genome and ***,we highlighted anti-SARS-coV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing mNPs and predicted SARS-coV-2 inhibitor design.

关键词： SARS-coV-2 marine natural products Drug targets Inhibitors

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Extracellular vesicles-coupled miRNAs from oviduct and uterus modulate signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and bovine early embryo development

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1528-1549页

作者： Rosane mazzarella Karina canon‑Beltran Yulia N.cajas meriem Hamdi Encina m.Gonzalez Juliano c.da Silveira claudia L.V.Leal D.Rizos Department of Animal Reproduction INIA-CSICMadridSpain Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Veterinary FacultyComplutense University of Madrid(UCM)MadridSpain Department Agrarian Production Technical University of MadridUPMMadridSpain Departamento de ciencias Biologicas Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaUTPLLojaEcuador Department of Anatomy and Embryology FV-UCMMadridSpain Department of Veterinary medicine FZEA-USPPirassunungaBrazil

Background Extracellular vesicles(EVs) present in oviductal(OF) and uterine fluid(UF) have been shown to enhance bovine embryo quality during in vitro culture by reducing lipid contents and modulating lipid metabolism-related genes(LmGs), while also influencing cell proliferation, suggesting their involvement on the regulation of different biological pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways related to cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabo-lism is crucial for early embryo development and can determine the success or failure of the pregnancy. Bioactive molecules within EVs in maternal reproductive fluids, such as micro RNAs(miRNAs), may contribute to this regulatory process as they modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional *** This study evaluated miRNA cargo in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from the mid-luteal phase, coinciding with embryo transit within oviduct and uterus in vivo, and its possible influence on LmGs and sign-aling pathways crucial for early embryo development. A total of 333 miRNAs were detected, with 11 exclusive to OF, 59 to UF, and 263 were common between both groups. From the 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 19 up-regulated in UF-EVs(bta-miR-134, bta-miR-151-3p, bta-miR-155, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-181b, bta-miR-181d, bta-miR-224, bta-miR-23b-3p, bta-miR-24-3p, bta-miR-27a-3p, bta-miR-29a, bta-miR-324, bta-miR-326, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-410, bta-miR-652, bta-miR-677, bta-miR-873 and bta-miR-708) and one(bta-miR-148b) in OF-EVs. These miRNAs were predicted to modulate several pathways such as Wnt, Hippo, mAPK, and lipid metabolism and degradation. Differ-ences in miRNAs found in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from mid-luteal phase may reflect differ-ent environments to meet the changing needs of the embryo. Additionally, miRNAs may be involved, particularly in the uterus, in the regulation of embryo lipid metabolism, immune system, and *** Our study su

关键词： Embryo-maternal interaction Epigenetic Exosomes mammalian Preimplantation Reproductive fluids

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SARS-coV-2 variants are associated with different clinical courses in children with mIS-c

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 143-152页

作者： Andres F.moreno Rojas Emelia Bainto Helen Harvey Adriana H.Tremoulet Jane c.Burns Kirsten B.Dummer Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s Hospital3020 Children’s Way MC 5004San DiegoCA 92123USA Kawasaki Disease Research center La JollaCAUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Critical CareUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA

Background Recent infection with SARS‑coV-2 in children has been associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(mIS-c).SARS‑coV-2 has undergone different *** publications exist about specific variants and their correlation with the severity of *** This was a single-center,retrospective study including all patients admitted with mIS-c at Rady children’s Hospital-San Diego between may 2020 and march *** epidemiologic data,including viral genomic information,were obtained from public ***,clinical presentation,laboratory values,and outcomes were obtained from electronic medical *** The analysis included 104 pediatric *** mIS-c waves were *** variants in San Diego during the first wave included clades 20A to *** the second wave,there were variants from clades 20A to c,20G,21c(Epsilon),20I(Alpha),and 20J(Gamma).The third wave had Delta strains(clades 21A,21I,and 21J),and the fourth had Omicron variants(clades 21K,21L,and 22c).mIS-c presented with similar symptoms and laboratory findings across all *** patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PIcU)(74%)and required inotropic support(63%)during the second *** of the patients required mechanical circulatory support,and only two required invasive ventilatory *** was no *** The various strains of SARS-coV-2 triggered mIS-c with differing severities,with the second wave having a more severe clinical *** the differences in disease severity across variants were due to changes in the virus or other factors remains unknown.

关键词： complications cOVID-19 mIS-c SARS-coV-2 variants

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Imprints of a gravitational wave through the weak field deflection of photons

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chinese Physics c 2024年第8期48卷 240-245页

作者： Reggie c.Pantig AliÖvgün Physics Department Mapúa University658 Muralla St.IntramurosManila 1002Philippines Physics Department Eastern Mediterranean UniversityFamagusta99628 North Cyprusvia Mersin 10Turkiye

In this study,we investigate the novel phenomenon of gravitational lensing experienced by gravitational waves traveling past a Schwarzschild black hole perturbed by a specific,first-order,polar gravitational *** apply the Gauss-Bonnet theorem,finding a topological contribution to the deflection of light rays passing near the black *** demonstrate that the deflection angle can be determined by analyzing a region entirely outside the path of the light ray,leading to a calculation based solely on the parameters of the perturbing wave(Legendre polynomial order,l;frequency,σ).This approach offers a unique perspective on gravitational lensing and expands our understanding of black hole interactions with gravitational waves.

关键词： supermassive black holes gravitational waves chaos weak deflection angle Gauss-Bonnet theorem

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IgE-mast cell mediated allergy: a sensor of food quality

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： christopher c.Udoye Rudolf A.manz Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research University of LübeckLübeckGermany

In two recent studies published in Nature,Florsheim et *** Plum et *** that allergic-specific reactions induced by immunoglobulin(Ig)E mediated mast cell activation is crucial for the timely induction of antigen-avoidance behaviour.1,2 These studies prove the concept that allergic sensitization triggers the formation of avoidance behaviour and define the underlying molecular mechanism.

关键词： allergic mechanism

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Leveraging the potential of big genomic and phenotypic data for genome-wide association mapping in wheat

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The crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 803-813页

作者： moritz Lell Yusheng Zhao Jochen c.Reif Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and crop Plant Research(IPK) Corrensstraße 3D-06466 SeelandGermany

Genome-wide association mapping studies(GWAS)based on Big Data are a potential approach to improve marker-assisted selection in plant *** number of available phenotypic and genomic data sets in which medium-sized populations of several hundred individuals have been studied is rapidly *** these data and using them in GWAS could increase both the power of QTL discovery and the accuracy of estimation of underlying genetic effects,but is hindered by data heterogeneity and lack of *** this study,we used genomic and phenotypic data sets,focusing on central European winter wheat populations evaluated for heading *** explored strategies for integrating these data and subsequently the resulting potential for *** interoperability between data sets was greatly aided by some overlapping genotypes and a linear relationship between the different phenotyping protocols,resulting in high quality integrated phenotypic *** this context,genomic prediction proved to be a suitable tool to study relevance of interactions between genotypes and experimental series,which was low in our *** to expectations,fewer associations between markers and traits were found in the larger combined data than in the individual experimental ***,the predictive power based on the marker-trait associations of the integrated data set was higher across data ***,the results show that the integration of medium-sized to Big Data is an approach to increase the power to detect QTL in *** results encourage further efforts to standardize and share data in the plant breeding community.

关键词： Big Data Genome-wide association study Data integration Genomic prediction Wheat

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Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1195-1200页

作者： Robin c.Hau Klaus W.Lange University of Applied Sciences Landshut Landshut 84036Germany Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food *** impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect *** the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food *** were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary *** found a substantial(cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy *** content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy *** results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food *** remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

关键词： Nutri-Score Front-of-package label Nudge Nutrition Health

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collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.marquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-colleoni m.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud c.Brabetz F.consoli J.Domange F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï m.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance cEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance cENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly cELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(cSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for cSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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