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circulation Pattern controls of Summer Temperature Anomalies in Southern Africa

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 341-354页

作者： chibuike chiedozie IBEBUcHI cameron c.lee Department of Geography Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA climRISE Lab Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA

This study investigates the relationship between circulation patterns and austral summer temperature anomalies in southern Africa. The results show that the formation of continental lows tends to increase the thickness of the lower atmosphere. Further, the distinct variabilities of high and low pressure under the circulation types, influence air mass advection from the adjacent oceans, as well as atmospheric stability over land. Stronger anticyclonic circulation at the western branch of the Mascarene high-pressure system enhances the low-level cold air advection by southeast winds,decreases the thickness, and lowers the temperature over a majority of the land in southern Africa. conversely, a weaker Mascarene High, coupled with enhanced cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean increases low-level warm air advection and increases temperature anomalies over vast regions in southern Africa. The ridging of a closed South Atlantic anticyclone at the southern coast of southern Africa results in colder temperatures near the tip of southern Africa due to enhanced low-level cold air advection by southeast winds. However, when the ridge is weak and westerly winds dominate the southern coast of southern Africa, these areas experience temperature increases. The northward track of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude cyclone, which can be linked to the negative Southern Annular Mode, reduces the temperature in the southwestern part of southern Africa. Also, during the analysis period, El Ni?o was associated with temperature increases over the central parts of southern Africa;while the positive Indian Ocean dipole was linked to a temperature increase over the northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of southern Africa.

关键词： temperature circulation types Subtropical Indian Ocean dipole Southern Annular Mode El Ni?o Indian Ocean dipole Mascarene High South Atlantic anticyclone

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Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： N.IQBAL J.cHOI S.F.SHAH c.lee S.lee Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline Ni-rich LiNixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(NMc)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary NMc particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more ***,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress *** paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of NMc active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation Ni-rich LiNixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(NMc)

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天使之声(三)

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歌剧 2024年第8期 108-109页

作者： Joanna c.lee 韩玥(编译) 不详

小琼:我们聊到歌剧中的儿童合唱这个话题已经有一段时间了,但这次我想聚焦在歌剧中那些因为孩子们的出现而使得故事更加戏剧化的时刻。小薇:你是指,当歌剧舞台上出现孩子的身影,正是他们改变了故事情节或使其更具吸引力?我能想到一个对... 详细信息

小琼:我们聊到歌剧中的儿童合唱这个话题已经有一段时间了,但这次我想聚焦在歌剧中那些因为孩子们的出现而使得故事更加戏剧化的时刻。小薇:你是指,当歌剧舞台上出现孩子的身影,正是他们改变了故事情节或使其更具吸引力?我能想到一个对故事起到至关重要作用的孩子:巧巧桑和平克尔顿的儿子。

关键词：戏剧化吸引力儿童合唱故事情节歌剧

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不同城市的相同制作

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歌剧 2024年第5期 108-109页

作者： Joanna c.lee 韩玥(编译) 不详

小琼:如今,大量跨越国界的歌剧联合制作出现。这种做法,不仅有助于降低成本,还可以更有效地利用创意和表演人才。小薇:事实上,上海歌剧院已经与许多世界知名的歌剧院建立了合作关系。今年夏天,上海歌剧院将推出与英国皇家歌剧院联合制... 详细信息

小琼:如今,大量跨越国界的歌剧联合制作出现。这种做法,不仅有助于降低成本,还可以更有效地利用创意和表演人才。小薇:事实上,上海歌剧院已经与许多世界知名的歌剧院建立了合作关系。今年夏天,上海歌剧院将推出与英国皇家歌剧院联合制作的《蝴蝶夫人》。小琼:今天我想分享一些关于同一部歌剧、同一个演员阵容,在四个月的时间里,在两个城市上演的观演心得。

关键词：上海歌剧院《蝴蝶夫人》英国皇家歌剧院演员阵容联合制作表演人才歌剧降低成本

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From the editors

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 I0002-I0002页

作者： Qi Xiaozhai George c.lee Billie F.Spencer IEM UB UIUc

Dear Members of the Editorial Board, contributors and Friends of the journal,This issue of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration(Vol. 23, No. 2) includes five papers in a special section entitled “Wave-Based Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Methods in civil Engineering”. The special section aims to present recent developments and applications of wave-based nondestructive testing and evaluation research. We thank the guest editors, Prof. Nenad Gucunski of Rutgers University, USA, Prof. Lin Shibin of Jianghan University, china and Prof. chen Hongbing, University of Science and Technology Beijing, china, for their hard work and dedication.

关键词： Earthquake journal section

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Towards multiple hazard resilient bridges:a methodology for modeling frequent and infrequent time-varying loads Part I,comprehensive reliability and partial failure probabilities

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第3期11卷 293-301页

作者： Zach Liang George c.lee Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University at Buffalo Department of civil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo

The current AASHTO load and resistance factor design （LRFD） guidelines are formulated based on bridge reliability, which interprets traditional design safety factors into more rigorously deduced factors based on the theory of probability. This is a major advancement in bridge design specifications. However, LRFD is only calibrated for dead and live loads. In cases when extreme loads are significant, they need to be individually assessed. combining regular loads with extreme loads has been a major challenge, mainly because the extreme loads are time variables and cannot be directly combined with time invariant loads to formulate the probability of structural failure. To overcome these difficulties, this paper suggests a methodology of comprehensive reliability, by introducing the concept of partial failure probability to separate the loads so that each individual load combination under a certain condition can be approximated as time invariant. Based on these conditions, the extreme loads （also referred to as multiple hazard or MH loads） can be broken down into single effects. In Part II of this paper, a further breakdown of these conditional occurrence probabilities into pure conditions is discussed by using a live truck and earthquake loads on a bridge as an example. There are three major steps in establishing load factors from MH load distributions：（1） formulate the failure probabilities; （2） normalize various load distributions; and （3） establish design limit state equations. This paper describes the formulation of the failure probabilities of single and combined loads.

关键词： multiple hazards bridge probability-based design comprehensive reliability partial failure probability

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Towards establishing practical multi-hazard bridge design limit states

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第3期12卷 333-340页

作者： Zach Liang George c.lee Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Unidersity at Buffalo Depart of civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo

In the U.S., the current Load and Resistance Factor Design （LRFD） Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads. Various extreme load effects, such as earthquake and vessel collision, are on the same reliability-based platform. Since these extreme loads are time variables, combining them with not considered frequent. non- extreme loads is a significant challenge. The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications. Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers, many load combinations are insignificant in their states. This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states. This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms. Then, important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively,

关键词： multi-hazards load and resistance factor design re.liability based bridge design specifications design limit state equations

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On similitude law of sub-systems

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2006年第1期5卷 133-142页

作者： Zach Liang George c.lee Department of civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA

Based on Buckingham＇s π-Theorem, dimensional analysis has achieved considerable success over the past near-century. Model testing has long been a powerful tool in both scientific studies and engineering applications. However, the prototype objects are becoming more and more complicated nowadays, and many of the prototype systems can contain several sub-systems. The conventional theories on model-prototype similarity and dimensional analysis have only limited application since the π-Theorem itself does not distinguish between the original system and subsystems. This is particularly true in the field of structural dynamics, where the structure is often modeled as a multi-degree-of-freedom system. In this paper, we attempt to show that, if a system can be decoupled into several nontrivial subsystems, then, in each subsystem, the number of π-terms will be reduced and therefore simplify the model testing. On the other hand, if a system cannot be decoupled into subsystems, then using model testing with reduced π-term analysis, both experimentally and theoretically, may introduce severe errors.

关键词： similitude law Buckingham's π-theorem model testing sub-systems

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Principal axes of M-DOF structures Part I:Static loading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第2期1卷 293-302页

作者： Zack Liang George c.lee Department of civil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity.at BuffaloState University.of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA

This paper is the first in a two-part series that discusses the principal axes of M-DOF structures subjected to static and dynamic loads. The primary purpose of this series is to understand the magnitude of the dynamic response of structures to enable better design of structures and control modification devices/systems. Under idealized design conditions, the structural responses are obtained by using single direction input ground motions in the direction of the intended control devices/systems, and by assuming that the responses of the structure is decoupleable in three mutually perpendicular directions. This standard practice has been applied to both new and retrofitted structures using various seismic protective systems. Very limited information is available on the effects of neglecting the impact of directional couplings (cross effects - of which torsion is a component) of the dynamic response of structures. In order to quantify such effects, it is necessary to examine the principal axes of structures under both static and dynamic loading. This first paper deals with quantitative definitions of principal axes and “cross effects” of three-dimensional structures under static load by using linear algebra. It shows theoretically that, for three-dimensional structures, such principal axes rarely exist. Under static loading conditions, the cross effect is typically small and negligible from the viewpoint of engineering applications. However, it provides the theoretical base for subsequent quantification of the response couplings under dynamic loads, which is reported in part II of this series.

关键词： principal axes of M-DOF structures structural response couplings cross effect theoretical base

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Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第10期9卷 1000-1002页

作者： charles c.lee Department of comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State University

For the mammalian brain to process and decipher the rich panoply of sounds that abound in the world, nature has evolved an elegant collection of neural circuits dedicated to this task. Indeed, the complexity, variety and number of neural pathways devoted to computing auditory information is unique among sensory modalities （Kaas, 2008）. After the initial sensorineural encoding of sound at the level of the cochlea, auditory information is processed in several lower brainstem centers and eventually converges in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus （Wenstrup, 2005）, Subsequently, auditory information is transferred through the thalamus, the medial geniculate body, and then the auditory cortex （Winer et al., 2005; Razak and Fuzessery, 2010; Hackett, 2011; lee and Sherman, 2011; lee and Winer, 2011;

关键词： Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways body Figure

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