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Growing Threat of Rapidly-Intensifying Tropical cyclones in East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第2期39卷 222-234页

作者： kin Sik lIU Johnny c.l.cHAN Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Ave.KowloonHong KongChina

This study examines the long-term change in the threat of landfalling tropical cyclones(Tcs) in East Asia over the period 1975–2020 with a focus on rapidly intensifying(RI) Tcs. The increase in the annual number of RI-Tcs over the western North Pacific and the northwestward shift of their genesis location lead to an increasing trend in the annual number of landfalling RI-Tcs along the coast of East Asia. The annual power dissipation index(PDI), a measure of the destructive potential of RI-Tcs at landfall, also shows a significant increasing trend due to increases in the annual frequency and mean landfall intensity of landfalling RI-Tcs. The increase in mean landfall intensity is related to a higher lifetime maximum intensity(lMI) and the lMI location of the landfalling RI-Tcs being closer to the coast. The increase in the annual PDI of East Asia is mainly associated with landfalling Tcs in the southern(the Philippines, South china, and Vietnam) and northern parts(Japan and the Korean Peninsula) of East Asia due to long-term changes in vertical wind shear and Tc heat potential. The former leads to a northwestward shift of favorable environments for Tc genesis and intensification, resulting in the northwestward shift in the genesis, RI, and lMI locations of RI-Tcs. The latter provides more heat energy from the ocean for Tc intensification, increasing its chances to undergo RI.

关键词： tropical cyclone landfall tropical cyclone intensity climate change rapid intensification

Recent Decrease in the Difference in Tropical cyclone Occurrence between the Atlantic and the Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第9期39卷 1387-1397页

作者： Johnny c.l.cHAN kin Sik lIU Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Ave.KowloonHong KongChina

climatologically,among all ocean basins,the western North Pacific(WNP)has the largest annual number of tropical cyclones(Tcs)of around 26 while the Atlantic has around 13,yielding a difference of ***,the difference is-7 in 2020,with 30 Tcs in the Atlantic and 23 in the WNP,which is the most negative difference within the last 46 *** fact,during the last 26 years,the difference in Tc number is below 10 in ten years,with four years being *** a decreasing difference in Tc number can be attributed to the natural multidecadal variation of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation,as well as other external forcings such as anthropogenic aerosol forcing and increased greenhouse gases,with the additional impact from the la Niña *** result has significant implications on climate model projections of future Tc activity in the two ocean basins.

关键词： tropical cyclone frequency Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation climate change

Small Molecule Organic Nanostructures—Fabrication and Properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 563-568页

作者： A.B.Djurii A.M.c.Ng Kai-Yin cHEUNG Man-kin FUNG Wai-kin cHAN Department of Physics University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of chemistry University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong SARChina

Organic materials are of great interest for the development of low cost electronic and optoelectronic devices. Although majority of research on organic materials is concerned with synthesis of novel compounds and organic thin films, organic nanostructures are attracting increasing interest in recent years. We briefly review different growth methods of organic nanostructures, which can be roughly divided into vapor deposition methods and self-assembly techniques in solution. Then we highlight some interesting properties of organic nanostructures, as well as possible applications, includinf field emission, electronic and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Organic nanostructures Self-assembly Vapor deposition

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes c.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGcs). However, the use of tNGcs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGc would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGcs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGcs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGcs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGcs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGcs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGcs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGcs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

controversies in fecal incontinence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 113-119页

作者： Andreia Albuquerque Satish S c Rao School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fernando Pessoa UniversityGondomar 4420-096PortoPortugal Precancerous lesions and Early cancer Management Research Group RISE@cI-IPO(Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPorto 4200-072Portugal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Fecal incontinence is a common condition that can significantly impact patients’quality of *** anal sphincter injury and anorectal surgeries are common *** ultrasound and anorectal manometry are important diagnostic tools for evaluating *** are various treatment options,including diet,lifestyle modifications,drugs,biofeedback therapy,tibial and sacral nerve neuromodulation therapy,and *** this editorial,we will discuss current controversies and novel approaches to fecal *** for asymptomatic anal sphincter defects after obstetric anal sphincter injury and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is not generally recommended,but may be helpful in selected *** Garg incontinence score is a new score that includes the assessment of solid,liquid,flatus,mucous,stress and urge fecal *** tests such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation and novel therapies such as translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy are promising diagnostic and treatment options,for both fecal incontinence and *** biofeedback therapy can overcome some limitations of the office-based *** muscle-derived cell implantation of the external anal sphincter has been further studied as a possible treatment *** neuromodulation may be useful in scleroderma,congenital fecal incontinence and inflammatory bowel disease but merits further study.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Endoanal ultrasound Anal sphincter defects Biofeedback Neuropathy Sacral neuromodulation

Overview of harmful algal blooms(red tides)in Hong Kong during 1975–2021

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Journal of Oceanology and limnology 2022年第6期40卷 2094-2106页

作者： kin chung HO Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong Kong 999077China college of Marine Ecology and Environment Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China

Hong Kong has a long historical record of harmful algal blooms(HABs).In the 1980s-1990s,HABs were mainly pollution-related and most of the events happened in estuaries and enclosed embayment such as Tolo Harbour and Port *** major cause of HABs in 1980s-1990s was closely related to nutrients enrichment;included but not limited to changes in the concentration and ratio of soluble N and P in *** major causative organisms of HABs in Hong Kong by then were meso-plankton such as selected species of diatoms and dinofl ***,zooplankton was also a cause of red tides(the common name of HABs).There has been gradual change after the *** is attributed to higher and higher influences from the region,namely the Zhujiang(Pearl)River *** are increasing influences from chinese mainland due to extraordinary social and economic growths during the past 20 *** the past10 years,HABs in Hong Kong was mainly subject to regional impacts in the Zhujiang River *** the duration period and covered areas have been enlarged which overwhelmed the localized influences of stream pollution and self-contamination of aquaculture *** flagellates of uncommon happening become dominant species in HAB ***,the seasonal impact of Noctiluca scintillans in late winter to mid spring remained.

关键词： harmful algal blooms(HABs) Tolo Harbour long-term trend regional eutrophication and environmental impacts

An Easily Operating Polymer 1×4 Optical Waveguide Switch Matrix Based on Vertical couplers

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chinese Physics letters 2007年第6期24卷 1728-1730页

作者： Kaixin chen Pak l chu Hau Ping chan kin S. chiang Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong cotco Holdings ltd Science Park Hong Kong

A three-dimensional （3D） polymer thermo-optic （TO） 1 × 4 waveguide switch matrix based on vertical couplers is demonstrated. It consists of four basic 3D switch units and because of its 3D structure, its construction is compact, only 9 mm in length; moreover, the control logic of the entire switch is very simple, the light signal can be easily switched to any output port by operating only a single switch unit. The finished devices exhibit a switching extinction ratio greater than 21 dB for all of four output ports and the crosstalk between two adjacent output ports is lower than -19 dB. The rise time and the fall time of the switch matrix are 0.8ms and 1.4ms, respectively. The required electrical power to initiate the switching function for M1 switching units is about 50mW.

关键词： FABRIcATION DESIGN

Morphological variability and genetic diversity in five species of Skeletonema(Bacillariophyta)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1345-1355页

作者： Ho kin-chung School of Science & Technology The Open University of Hong Kong

Twelve strains of Skeletonema from chinese coastal waters and another strain from the West Sea of Korea were examined using light microscopy(lM),scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM,TEM),and small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequence *** identified four species of Skeletonema:*** Sarno et Zingone,***(***)Bethge,*** Sarno et Kooistra,***- icum cleve,as well as a Skeletonema-like *** are the first records of ***,*** and *** in *** Skeletonema-like species,MMDl5067,was isolated from the estuary of the changjiang *** morphologic and phylogenetic char- acteristics of this species are not correspond to those of any previously published Skeletonema *** intercalary fultoportula pro- cesses(IFPPs)has long open tubes,and the intercalary rimoportula process(IRP)is short and located inside the rim of the IFPPs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MMDl5630 clustered with *** in the NJ and MP trees,but its IRPs differed from those of previously described specimens of *** IRP is partially open,with an elongated opening at the base of the tube,and is longer than the *** specimens of *** and *** also have longer tubular IRPs than the *** to pre- viously described specimens of *** and ***,these two specimens we identified have shorter *** results reflect the ambiguity and diversity of Skeletonema *** are also significant for the future identification and management of red tides caused by Skeletonema in the seas around china.

关键词： Morphological variability Genetic diversity Skeletonema SSU rDNA

Serological surveillance for SARS-coV-2 antibodies among students,faculty and staff within a large university system during the pandemic

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 99-107页

作者： Marcos G Pinheiro Gabriela G O Alves Maria Eduarda R conde Sofia l costa Regina c S Sant’Anna Isa M F Antunes Mônica c carneiro Fabio S Ronzei Julia c Scaffo Felipe R Pinheiro lialyz S Andre Helvecio c Povoa Valéria T Baltar Fabíola Giordani Eduarda S Hemerly Gisele c Alexandre Karla c de Paula Márcio Watanabe Antonio claudio l da Nóbrega Jackeline christiane P lobato Fabio Aguiar-Alves laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology Rodolpho Albino University LaboratoryFluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24241000Rio de JaneiroBrazil Estácio de SáUniversity Nova Friburgo 28611135Rio de JaneiroBrazil Pathology Program Medicine schoolFluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24070090Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lloyd L.Gregory School of PharmacyPalm Beach Atlantic UniversityWest Palm BeachFL 33401United States Health Institute of Nova Friburgo Fluminense Federal UniversityNova Friburgo 28613001Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Collective Health(ISC)Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24033900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Institute of Physical Education Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24020005Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Statistics Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24210200Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fluminense Federal UniversityNiterói 24210130Rio de JaneiroBrazil

BAcKGROUND At the end of December 2019,the world faced severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-coV-2),which led to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19),associated with respiratory *** virus has shown significant challenges,especially for senior citizens,patients with other underlying illnesses,or those with a sedentary *** tests conducted early on have helped identify how the virus is transmitted and how to curb its *** study hypothesis was that the rapid serological test for SARS-coV-2 antibodies could indicate the immunoreactive profile during the cOVID-19 pandemic in a university *** To conduct active surveillance for serological expression of anti-SARS-coV-2 antibodies in individuals within a university setting during the cOVID-19 *** This sectional study by convenience sampling was conducted in a large university in Niteroi-RJ,Brazil,from March 2021 to July *** study population consisted of students,faculty,and administrative staff employed by the university.A total of 3433 faculty members,60703 students,and 3812 administrative staff were invited to *** were gathered through rapid serological tests to detect immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgG against ***χ²or Fisher's exact test was used to conduct statistical analysis.A 0.20 significance level was adopted for variable selection in a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate *** A total of 1648 individuals were enrolled in the *** proportion of cOVID-19 positivity was 164/1648(9.8%).The adjusted logistic model indicate a positive association between the expression of IgM or IgG and age[odds ratio(OR)=1.16,95%cI:1.02-1.31](Pls who had been in contact with a cOVID-19-positive case(OR=3.49,95%cI:2.34-5.37)(Pceived the cOVID-19 vaccine(OR=2.33,95%cI:1.61-3.35)(Pcial isolation(OR=0.59,95%cI:0.41-0.84)(Plikelihood of sho

关键词： Serological surveillance SARS-coV-2 antibodies cOVID-19 Serological rapid test Risk factors for cOVID-19