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Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： Marie-Luise contala Patrick Krapf Florian M.Steiner Birgit c.Schlick-Steiner Molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium *** three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

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Understanding the spectrum of non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis:insights from animal models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 84-91页

作者： Poornima d.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Joong-Sun Kim Taekyun Shin changjong Moon department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR programChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea department of Veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is generally considered to be a non-traumatic,physically debilitating neurological *** addition to experiencing motor disability,patients with multiple sclerosis also experience a variety of nonmotor symptoms,including cognitive deficits,anxiety,depression,sensory impairments,and ***,the pathogenesis and treatment of such non-motor symptoms in multiple scle rosis are still under *** studies for multiple sclerosis benefit from the use of disease-appropriate animal models,including experimental autoimmune *** to understanding the pathophysiology and developing treatments for non-motor symptoms,it is critical to chara cterize the animal model in terms of its ability to replicate certain non-motor features of multiple *** such,no single animal model can mimic the entire spectrum of *** review focuses on the non-motor symptoms that have been investigated in animal models of multiple sclerosis as well as possible underlying ***,we highlighted gaps in the literature to explain the nonmotor aspects of multiple sclerosis in expe rimental animal models,which will serve as the basis for future studies.

关键词： anxiety cognitive deficit depression experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis motor disability neurological disorder pain pathophysiology preclinical study sensory impairments

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mRNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： SHUBHRA cHANdRA JENNIFER c.WILSON dAVId GOOd MING Q.WEI School of Pharmacy&Medical Sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland(MHIQ) Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia School of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of RNA therapy,particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of cOVId-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mRNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mRNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer ***,mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine delivery system mRNA

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Summarizing the evidence for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction: Systematic review of patency and incontinence outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 341-347页

作者： Tenny R.Zhang Ashley Alford Lee c.Zhao department of Urology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA department of Urology NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of *** recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the ***,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case *** objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence ***:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult *** in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were *** of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when ***:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck *** were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were *** rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).de novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.

关键词： Bladder neck continence Incontinence Patency Posterior urethra Reconstructive surgery Robotic surgery Stenosis Stricture Surgical outcome

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Airway management of a patient with linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis:A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2024年第13期12卷 2263-2268页

作者： Olga c Nin Robert Hutnik Neil N chheda david Hutchinson department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States department of Otolaryngology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States

BAcKGROUNd There is limited literature on managing the airway of patients with linear immunoglobulin A(IgA)bullous dermatosis,a rare mucocutaneous disorder that leads to the development of friable *** clinical decision making is necessary when there is a risk of bleeding into the airway,and a multidisciplinary team approach may lead to decreased patient morbidity during these high-risk scenarios,especially when confronted with an unusual cause for *** SUMMARY A 45-year-old African American female presented to our ambulatory surgical center for right corneal transplantation due to corneal perforation after blunt trauma in the setting of cicatricial conjunctivitis and diffuse corneal neovascularization from linear IgA bullous *** diagnosis of IgA dermatosis was recent,and the patient had been lost to *** severity of the disease and extent of airway involvement was unknown at the time of the *** airway bleeding was noticed upon intubation and the otorhinolaryngology team had to be called to the operating *** patient required transfer to the intensive care unit where a multidisciplinary team was involved in her *** patient was extubated on postoperative day *** A multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease is the best course of action before a surgical *** our case,key communication between the surgery,anesthesia,and dermatology teams led to the quick and safe treatment of our patient’s *** surgery should not be considered for these cases unless they are in full remission and there is no mucous membrane involvement.

关键词： Airway management Bleeding risk Linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis Multidisciplinary approach Outpatient procedure case report

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Anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: what did clinical trials teach us?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： danko Jeremic Lydia Jiménez-díaz Juan d.Navarro-López NeuroPhysiology&Behavior Lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)may exist,both the original amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could be only partly true,and there is conflicting evidence about the role of both proteins in Ad,being able to precede and influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand tau proteins may be independently involved in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evidence suggests that Aβand tau act synergistically,rather than additively in disease onset(Jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer additive

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Assessing the dynamics and impact of cOVId-19 vaccination on disease spread:A data-driven approach

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Infectious disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 527-556页

作者： Farhad Waseel George Streftaris Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy Sarat c.dass School of Mathematical and computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaPutrajayaMalaysia School of Mathematical and computer Sciences Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaPutrajayaMalaysia Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences United Kingdom Faculty of Mathematics Kabul UniversityKabulAfghanistan

The cOVId-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health,social,and economic situations since its emergence in december *** primary focus of this study is to propose a distinct vaccination policy and assess its impact on controlling cOVId-19 transmission in Malaysia using a Bayesian data-driven approach,concentrating on the year *** employ a compartmental Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated(SEIRV)model,incorporating a time-varying transmission rate and a data-driven method for its estimation through an Exploratory data Analysis(EdA)*** no vaccine guarantees total immunity against the disease,and vaccine immunity wanes over time,it is critical to include and accurately estimate vaccine efficacy,as well as a constant vaccine immunity decay or wane factor,to better simulate the dynamics of vaccine-induced protection over *** on the distribution and effectiveness of vaccines,we integrated a data-driven estimation of vaccine efficacy,calculated at 75%for Malaysia,underscoring the model's realism and relevance to the specific context of the *** Bayesian inference framework is used to assimilate various data sources and account for underlying uncertainties in model *** model is fitted to real-world data from Malaysia to analyze disease spread trends and evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed vaccination *** findings reveal that this distinct vaccination policy,which emphasizes an accelerated vaccination rate during the initial stages of the program,is highly effective in mitigating the spread of cOVId-19 and substantially reducing the pandemic peak and new *** study found that vaccinating 57–66%of the population(as opposed to 76%in the real data)with a better vaccination policy such as proposed here is able to significantly reduce the number of new infections and ultimately reduce the costs associated with new *** study contributes to the development of a robust and informati

关键词： Bayesian inference SEIRV cOVId-19 Vaccination policy Importance sampling Malaysia data-driven

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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY William J.dAVIES Ian c.dOdd Lancaster Environment centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

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Geometric properties of the first singlet S-wave excited state of two-electron atoms near the critical nuclear charge

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chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 213-219页

作者： Tong chen Sanjiang Yang Wanping Zhou Xuesong Mei d Haoxue Qiao School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China college of Physics and Electronic Science Hubei Normal UniversityHuangshi 435002China School of Physics and Telecommunications Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang 438000China Wuhan Maritime communication Research Institute Wuhan 430072China

The geometric structure parameters and radial density distribution of 1s2s1S excited state of the two-electron atomic system near the critical nuclear charge Z_(c)were calculated in detail under tripled Hylleraas basis *** to the localized behavior observed in the ground and the doubly excited 2p^(23)Pe states,for this state our results identify that while the behavior of the inner electron increasingly resembles that of a hydrogen-like atomic system,the outer electron in the excited state exhibits diffused hydrogen-like character and becomes perpendicular to the inner electron as nuclear charge Z approaches Z_(c).This study provides insights into the electronic structure and stability of the two-electron system in the vicinity of the critical nuclear charge.

关键词： critical nuclear charge two-electron atomic system geometric structure density distribution

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Influence of railway wheel tread damage on wheel-rail impact loads and the durability of wheelsets

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 20-35页

作者： Michele Maglio Tore Vernersson Jens c.O.Nielsen Anders Ekberg Elena Kabo cHARMEc Department of Mechanical and Maritime SciencesChalmers University of TechnologySE‑41296 GothenburgSweden

dynamic wheel-rail contact forces induced by a severe form of wheel tread damage have been measured by a wheel impact load detector during full-scale field tests at different vehicle *** on laser scanning,the measured three-dimensional damage geometry is employed in simulations of dynamic vehicle-track interaction to calibrate and verify a simulation *** relation between the magnitude of the impact load and various operational parameters,such as vehicle speed,lateral position of wheel-rail contact,track stiffness and position of impact within a sleeper bay,is *** calibrated model is later employed in simulations featuring other forms of tread damage;their effects on impact load and subsequent fatigue impact on bearings,wheel webs and subsurface initiated rolling contact fatigue of the wheel tread are *** results quantify the effects of wheel tread defects and are valuable in a shift towards condition-based maintenance of running gear,and for general assessment of the severity of different types of railway wheel tread damage.

关键词： Wheel tread damage Rolling contact fatigue cluster Field measurements dynamic vehicle-track interaction Wheel-rail impact load Wheelset durability

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