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Free electron lasers driven by plasma accelerators:status and near-term prospects

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第4期9卷 112-126页

作者： c.Emma J.Van Tilborg R.Assmann S.barber A.cianchi S.corde M.E.couprie R.D'Arcy M.Ferrario A.F.Habib b.Hidding M.J.Hogan c.b.schroeder A.Marinelli M.Labat R.Li J.Liu A.Loulergue J.Osterhoff A.R.Maier b.W.J.Mc Neil W.Wang SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA 94025USA bELLA center Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 HamburgGermany INFN-LNF 00044 FrascatiItaly LOA ENSTA ParisCNRSEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91762 PalaiseauFrance Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des MerisiersSaint-Aubin91192 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Scottish centre for the Application of Plasma-based Accelerators ScAPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeScottish Universities Physics Alliance SUPAGlasgow G11XQUK Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Physics University of StrathclydeScottish Universities Physics Alliance SUPAGlasgow G1IXQUK cockcroft Institute Warrington WA44ADUK

Owing to their ultra-high accelerating gradients,combined with injection inside micrometer-scale accelerating wakefield buckets,plasma-based accelerators hold great potential to drive a new generation of free-electron lasers(FELs).Indeed,the first demonstration of plasma-driven FEL gain was reported recently,representing a major milestone for the *** groups around the world are pursuing these novel light sources,with methodology varying in the use of wakefield driver(laser-driven or beam-driven),plasma structure,phase-space manipulation,beamline design,and undulator technology,among *** paper presents our best attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the global community efforts towards plasma-based FEL research and development.

关键词： plasma accelerators free electron lasers novel light sources

Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IPS for Securing cloud Environment

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computers, Materials & continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen banu A S.K.b.Sangeetha Department of computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the Tc&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets cIcIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and cell biology(IbMc) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(cNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the cNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFbs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFbs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. by providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFbs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

Federated Learning’s Role in Next-Gen TV Ad Optimization

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computers, Materials & continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： Gabriela Dobrita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela bâra Department of Economic Informatics and cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving landscape of television advertising,optimizing ad schedules to maximize viewer engagement and revenue has become *** methods often operate in silos,limiting the potential insights gained from broader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverages Federated Learning(FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,combining the strengths of local optimization techniques with the power of global Machine Learning(ML)models to uncover actionable insights without compromising data *** combines linear programming for initial ads scheduling optimization with ML—specifically,a K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)model—for predicting ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling problem,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using Google’s OR-Tools cP-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will be the result of the optimization ***,this output becomes the target of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries based on their characteristics ensuring the implementation of the scheduling at large scale(using KNN,Light Gradient boosting Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integration of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strategic insight across different broadcasting networks while preserving data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads being precisely matched to their optimal category placements,showcasing an alignment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation observed,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-category variance from their ideal placement in the original dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning KNN

Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–The University of british columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMbASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science core collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P Gc-1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： brandon c.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

植物系统发生海报——以演化视角介绍植物多样性的科教资料项目

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生物多样性 2025年

作者：蒋陈焜郁文彬饶广远黎怀成 Julien b.bachelier Hartmut H.Hilger Theodor c.H.cole 北京大学生命科学学院蛋白质与植物基因研究国家重点实验室北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院北京大学-清华大学生命科学联合中心中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心/云南省热带雨林与亚洲象保护重点实验室 Dahlem centre of Plant Sciences (DcPS)， Institute of biology， Structural and Functional Plant Diversity， Freie Universit?t berlin

中国的植物多样性保护行动虽然提升了公众对多样性的认识，但这些努力往往未能深入到理解植物多样性演化及其保护的深层意义。从演化的视角进行植物多样性宣传教育，有利于促进对多样性的综合理解，增进对多样性保护的认可。然而， ... 详细信息

中国的植物多样性保护行动虽然提升了公众对多样性的认识，但这些努力往往未能深入到理解植物多样性演化及其保护的深层意义。从演化的视角进行植物多样性宣传教育，有利于促进对多样性的综合理解，增进对多样性保护的认可。然而，现有资料多集中于物种的识别、鉴定与分类，缺乏从生物演化角度对植物多样性进行系统性介绍的内容。本文介绍了一个具有全球影响力的科教资料案例——由美裔德国植物学家Theodor c. H. cole发起的植物系统发生海报(Plant Phylogeny Posters)项目。该项目通过整合最新的系统与演化植物学研究成果，以系统发生为线索介绍植物多样性及其亲缘关系，旨在利用系统发生树所蕴含的丰富演化思想内涵，启发读者理解植物多样性与演化。海报以系统发生树结合植物类群的形态、地理分布、物种数量等数据信息，直观展示了多个分类等级的重要类群的演化历史。在数十所大学和科研机构的45位研究人员的努力下， 70张系统发生海报已被翻译成中文，并向所有人免费开放获取。这一科教项目有望为增进公众深入理解植物多样性及其保护行动提供宝贵的资源和帮助。

关键词：植物多样性演化系统发生科教资料

Ultra‑Transparent and Multifunctional IZVO Mesh Electrodes for Next‑Generation Flexible Optoelectronics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 293-309页

作者： Kiran A.Nirmal Tukaram D.Dongale Atul c.Khot chenjie Yao Nahyun Kim Tae Geun Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversityAnam‑ro 145Seongbuk‑guSeoulRepublic of Korea computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory School of Nanoscience and BiotechnologyShivaji UniversityKolhapur 416004India

Mechanically durable transparent electrodes are essential for achieving long-term stability in flexible optoelectronic ***,they are crucial for applications in the fields of energy,display,healthcare,and soft *** meshes represent a promising alternative to traditional,brittle,metal oxide conductors due to their high electrical conductivity,optical transparency,and enhanced mechanical *** this paper,we present a simple method for fabricating an ultra-transparent conducting metal oxide mesh electrode using selfcracking-assisted *** this method,we produced an electrode with ultra-transparency(97.39%),high conductance(Rs=21.24Ωsq^(−1)),elevated work function(5.16 eV),and good mechanical *** also evaluated the effectiveness of the fabricated electrodes by integrating them into organic photovoltaics,organic light-emitting diodes,and flexible transparent memristor devices for neuromorphic computing,resulting in exceptional device *** addition,the unique porous structure of the vanadium-doped indium zinc oxide mesh electrodes provided excellent flexibility,rendering them a promising option for application in flexible optoelectronics.

关键词： Self-cracking template Vanadium-doped indium zinc oxide mesh Organic solar cells Organic light-emitting diodes Flexible transparent memory