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Encroachment drives facilitation at alpine shrublines

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 62-72页

作者： Yafeng Wang Eryuan Liang J.julio camarero college of Ecology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-cSIc) Zaragoza50080Spain

Ongoing encroachment is driving recent alpine shrubline dynamics globally,but the role of shrub-shrub interactions in shaping shrublines and their relationships with stem density changes remain poorly ***,the size and age of shrubs from 26 Salix shrubline populations along a 900-km latitudinal gradient(30°-38°N)were measured and mapped across the eastern Tibetan *** pattern analyses were used to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of juveniles and adults,and to assess spatial associations between *** intensity of univariate and bivariate spatial patterns was related to biotic and abiotic *** mark correlation functions with a quantitative mark(shrub height,basal stem diameter,crown width)were also employed to investigate the spatial relationships between shrub traits of juveniles and *** equation models were used to explore the relationships among conspecific interactions,patterns,shrub traits and recruitment dynamics under climate *** shrublines showed clustered patterns,suggesting the existence of conspecific *** patterns of juveniles and conspecific interactions(potentially facilitation)tended to intensify with increasing soil moisture *** warming before 2010 triggered positive effects on population interactions and spatial patterns via increased shrub ***,summer warming after2010 triggered negative effects on interactions through reduced shrub ***,shrub recruitment shifts under rapid climate change could impact spatial patterns,alter conspecific interactions and modify the direction and degree of shrublines responses to *** changes would have profound implications for the stability of alpine woody ecosystems.

关键词： Alpine shrubline Positive interactions Facilitation Spatial clustering Point pattern analyses

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Nitrogen Assimilation in Green Bean Plants Supplied with Two Sources of Silicon

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 963-980页

作者： julio c.Anchondo-Páez Esteban Sánchez carlos A.Ramírez-Estrada Alondra Salcido-Martínez Erick H.Ochoa-chaparro Department of Plant Physiology Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y DesarrolloCiudad Delicias33089México

Beans contain a wide range of vitamins,proteins,calcium,and zinc which make them an important food source for many *** meet the demand for bean production worldwide,large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides are ***,the cost of production and environmental impact *** produce food sustainably,the use of beneficial nutrients such as silicon as a biostimulant has been ***,information about the effect of different sources of silicon on the metabolism of bean plants is *** plants *** were grown in pots for 60 days and the effect of foliar application of silicon nanoparticles and the silicon-based biostimulant codasilat 4 concentrations(0,1,2,and 4 mM)on total biomass,yield,photosynthetic pigment concentration,photosynthetic activity,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,chlorophyll fluorescence,and nitrogen assimilation were *** results obtained showed that the supply of silicon at a dose of 1 mM functioned as a biostimulant,favoring gas exchange and nitrogen assimilation within the plant,which stimulated growth and *** results of this research work allowed a better comprehension of the effects of silicon application through silicon nanoparticles and the biostimulant codasilon the physiology of green bean plants.

关键词： Nanoparticles silicon Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Polio eradication surveillance in Sri Lanka,2019-2023

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 268-272页

作者： M.A.Y.Fernando N.S.Madarasinghe c.Rangana N.Weerasinghe D.c.u.D.Weligamage J.I.Abeynayake Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka Department of Virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka Medical Research Institute Colombo 08Sri Lanka

Objective:To evaluate the polio laboratory surveillance carried out from January,2019 to May,2023 by the Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri ***:This retrospective study analyzed all stool samples received under the acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)and immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV)surveillance at Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka from January,2019 to May,*** results of the testing methodologies were extracted from the laboratory data system,i.e.,poliovirus virus isolation,intra-typic differentiation/VDPV real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(ITD/VDPV rRTPcR)and sequencing,along with the data on timing of reporting results,stool adequacy and *** was analyzed using descriptive ***:A total of 2141 stool samples from 1644 cases were received for AFP surveillance from Sri Lanka(93.61%),Maldives(1.52%),and immunodeficient VDPV(4.86%)*** polioviruses(19/1644,1.15%)and non-polio enteroviruses(73/1644,4.44%)were isolated,while Sabin-like 3 virus was detected in majority(12/19,63.15%)among the poliovirus *** polioviruses or circulating VDPVs were not detected among the *** all years of the study,the non-polio AFP detection rate was>1/100000 in children aged less than 15 years,whereas stool adequacy rate was>80%.All results were reported within 14 days of receipt,ensuring timely reporting as per global ***:The Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka plays a vital role in maintaining the polio-free status in the country through its robust laboratory surveillance,while adhering to the surveillance ***-detection of wild polioviruses and circulating VDPV during the study period reinforces the polio-free status in the country.

关键词： Poliovirus Polio laboratory surveillance Regional reference laboratory Polio eradication

A toast to a zebrafish germ cell induction cocktail

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1314-1315页

作者： Mary c.Mullins Department of cell and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia 19104USA

The zebrafish field is ringing in the new year with a publication from Yonghua Sun's laboratory(Wang et al.,2023)of a cocktail of germline factors that can induce all cells of the zebrafish embryo into primordial germ cells(PGcs)at phenomenal *** major advance is not only of great interest to germ cell biologists,but it has important applications to the entire zebrafish field,as shown in Wang et al.(2023).

关键词： fish zebra field

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Effect of Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in patients with celiac disease on a long-term gluten-free diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1545-1555页

作者： Juan Pablo Stefanolo Verónica Segura Martina Grizzuti Abel Heredia Isabel comino Ana Florencia costa Roberto Puebla María Paz Temprano Sonia Isabel Niveloni Gabriel de Diego María E Oregui Edgardo Gustavo Smecuol Mauricio c de Marzi Elena F Verdú carolina Sousa julio césar Bai Small Bowel Section Department of MedicineGastroenterology Hospital of Buenos Aires“Dr.C.Bonorino Udaondo”Buenos Aires 1264Argentina Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of SevilleSeville 41080Spain Department of Medicine Dr.C.Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology HospitalBuenos Aires 1264Argentina Basic and Applied Research Group in Immunology and Bioactives(GIBAIB) Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development(INEDES)National University of LujanLuján 6700Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Medicine Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8OntarioCanada Facultad de Medicina Universidad del SalvadorBuenos Aires C1051ABBArgentina

BAcKGROuND The gluten-free diet(GFD)has limitations,and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant *** To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP)on inadvertent gluten exposure and symptom prevention in adult celiac disease(ceD)patients following their usual *** This was an exploratory,double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial that enrolled ceD patients on a long-term *** a 4-wk run-in period,patients were randomized to 4 wk of two AN-PEP capsules(GliadinX;AVI Research,LLc,united States)at each of three meals per day or *** endpoints were:(1)Average weekly stool gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)between the run-in and end of treatments and between AN-PEP and placebo;(2)celiac symptom index(cSI);(3)ceD-specific serology;and(4)quality of *** samples were collected for GIP testing by ELISA every Tuesday and Friday during run-ins and *** Forty patients were randomized for the intention-to-treat analysis,and three were excluded from the per-protocol ***,628/640(98.1%)stool samples were *** was undetectable(ces between treatment arms were *** 0.5%of samples had GIP concentrations sufficiently high(>0.32μg/g)to potentially cause mucosal *** GIP concentration in the AN-PEP arm was 44.7%lower than in the run-in ***-third of patients exhibiting GIP>0.08μg/g during run-in had lower or undetectable GIP after AN-PEP *** with the run-in period,the proportion of symptomatic patients(cSI>38)in the AN-PEP arm was significantly lower(Pult in changes in specific *** This exploratory study conducted in a real-life setting revealed high adherence to the *** AN-PEP treatment did not significantly reduce the overall GIP stool ***,given the observation of a significantly lower prevale

关键词： celiac disease Aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease Gluten immunogenic peptides Trial Symptoms Real-life trial

Performance of evolutionary optimized machine learning for modeling total organic carbon in core samples of shale gas fields

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 150-164页

作者： Leonardo Goliatt c.M.Saporetti L.c.Oliveira E.Pereira Department of computational and Applied Mechanics Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of computational Modeling Polytechnic Institute Rio de Janeiro State University Petrobras Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Rio de Janeiro State University

Rock samples' TOc content is the best indicator of the organic matter in source rocks. The origin rock samples' analysis is used to calculate it manually by specialists. This method requires time and resources because it relies on samples from many well intervals in source rocks. Therefore, research has been done to aid this effort. Machine learning algorithms can estimate total organic carbon instead of well logs and stratigraphic studies. In light of these efforts, the current work present a study on automating the total organic carbon estimation using machine learning approaches improved by an evolutionary methodology to give the model flexibility and precision. Genetic algorithms, differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimization, artificial bee colony, and evolution strategies were used to improve machine learning models to predict TOc. The six metaheuristics were integrated into four machine learning methods: extreme learning machine, elastic net linear model, linear support vector regression, and multivariate adaptive regression splines. core samples from the YuDong-Nan shale gas field, located in the Sichuan basin, were used to evaluate the hybrid strategy. The findings show that combining machine learning models with an evolutionary algorithms in a hybrid fashion produce flexible models that accurately predict TOc. The results show that, independent of the metaheuristic used to guide the model selection, optimized extreme learning machines attained the best performance scores according to six metrics. Such hybrid models can be used in exploratory geological research,particularly for unconventional oil and gas resources.

关键词： Total organic carbon Hybrid models Automated machine learning Evolutionary algorithms Geology

Recent advances on bismuth oxyhalides for photocatalytic cO_(2)reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 183-203页

作者： Liangpang Xu Jimmy c.Yu Ying Wang Department of chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China

Photocatalytic conversion of cO_(2)into fuels such as cO,cH_(4),and cH_(3)OH,is a promising approach for achieving carbon *** oxyhalides(BiOX,where X=cl,Br,and I)are appropriate photocatalysts for this purpose due to the merits of visible-light-active,efficient charge separation,and easy-to-modify crystal structure and surface *** practical applications,multiple strategies have been proposed to develop high-efficiency BiOX-based *** review summarizes the development of different approaches to prepare BiOX-based photocatalysts for efficient cO_(2)*** the review,the fundamentals of photocatalytic cO_(2)reduction are ***,several widely used modification methods for BiOX photocatalysts are systematacially discussed,including heterojunction construction,introducing oxygen vacancies(OVs),Bi-enrichment,heteroatom-doping,and morphology ***,the challenges and prospects in the design of future BiOX-based photocatalysis for efficient cO_(2)reduction are examined.

关键词： Bismuth oxyhalides Photocatalysis cO_(2)reduction Modification methods

Exercise immunology:Novel insights

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 277-279,I0001页

作者： David c.Nieman Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)pandemic heightened worldwide attention on the influence of exercise on the immune *** were raised about whether regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)could help prevent cOVID-19 or mitigate symptoms when *** MVPA bolster immunity among those most prone to cOVID-19 including the elderly,obese,and immunocompromised patients?Does regular MVPA dampen systemic inflammation,thereby lessening the cOVID-19 cytokine storm?

关键词： immunity inflammation thereby

Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 439-447页

作者： Yalun Li Minggao Ouyang c.c.chan Xueliang Sun Yonghua Song Wei cai Yilin Xie Yuqiong Mao Department of Electrical Engineering and School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 3K7Canada State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart city University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China

The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional *** energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale ***, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions areneeded through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionallyplay the role of energy consumption in power systems. Toclarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVsas terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the cSEEJPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevantfields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions ontopics such as vehicle–grid integration technology, advancedsolid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motortechnology, and institutional innovation in the industry *** experts also provided prospects for energy storage andutilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new powersystems.

关键词： Electric vehicles engineering philosophy highpower density motor new power system solid state batteries vehicle grid integration.