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Assessment of postcombustion carbon capture technologies for power generation

Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 184-195页

作者： Mikel c.DUKE Bradley LADEWIG simon SMART Victor RUDOLPH João c.Diniz da cOSTA Institute for Sustainability and Innovation Victoria UniversityWerribee CampusPO Box 14428MelbourneVictoria 8001Australia Department of chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClayton Vic 3182Australia School of chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbane Qld 4072Australia

A significant proportion of power generation stems from coal-combustion processes and accordingly represents one of the largest point sources of cO_(2)emissions *** power plants are major assets with large infrastructure and engineering units and an operating life span of up to 50 ***,any process design modification to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may require significant *** of the best options to utilize existing infrastructure is to retrofit the power station fleet by adding a separation process to the flue gas,a practice known as postcombustion capture(Pcc).This review examines the recent Pcc development and provides a summary and assessment of the state of play in this area and its potential applicability to the power generation *** major players including the various institutes,government,and industry consortia are identified along with flue gas Pcc demonstration scale *** the Pcc technologies reviewed,amine-based absorption is preeminent,being both the most mature and able to be adapted immediately,to the appropriate scale,for power station flue gas with minimal technical ***,current commercial applications serve niches in the merchant cO_(2)market,while a substantial number of smaller scale test facilities are reported in the literature with actual cO_(2)capture motivated demonstrations now *** membrane/absorption systems,also known as membrane contactors,offer the potential for the lowest energy requirements,possibly 10%of current direct scrubbers but are at an early stage of *** methods being actively pursued as R&D projects include solid absorbents,solid adsorbents,gas membrane separators,and cryogenic *** variety and different maturities of these competing technologies make technical comparison largely subjective,but useful insights could be gained through the development and application of econometric techniques such as‘real options’within this ***

关键词： post-carbon capture amine absorption adsorption membranes technology assessment

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campylobacterjejuni in Musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： carson Gill simon Bahrndorff carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, Musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after c. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable c. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested c. jejuni over time. c. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable c. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable c. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting c. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, JNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in c. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PcR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates c. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because c. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for c. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides campylobacter spp. campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity Musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) vector

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Assessing nest attentiveness of common Terns via video cameras and temperature loggers

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 284-301页

作者： jeffery D.Sullivan Paul R.Marbán Jennifer M.Mullinax David F.Brinker Peter c.McGowan carl R.callahan Diann J.Prosser Natural Systems Analysts Winter ParkFL 32789USA Marine Estuarineand Environmental Sciences ProgramUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland1443 Animal Sciences BldgCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Natural Resources Maryland Natural Heritage ProgramAnnapolisMD 21401USA chesapeake Bay Field Office U.S.Fish and Wildlife ServiceAnnapolisMD 21401USA U.S.Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterLaurelMD 20708USA.

Background:While nest attentiveness plays a critical role in the reproductive success of avian species,nest attentiveness data with high temporal resolution is not available for many ***,improvements in both video monitoring and temperature logging devices present an opportunity to increase our understanding of this aspect of avian ***:To investigate nest attentiveness behaviors and evaluate these technologies,we monitored 13 nests across two common Tern(Sterna hirundo)breeding colonies with a paired video camera-temperature logger approach,while monitoring 63 additional nests with temperature loggers *** occurred from May to August of 2017 on Poplar(chesapeake Bay,Maryland,USA)and Skimmer Islands(Isle of Wight Bay,Maryland,USA).We examined data respective to four times of day:Morning(civil dawn‒11:59),Peak(12:00‒16:00),cooling(16:01‒civil dusk),and Night(civil dusk‒civil dawn).Results:While successful nests had mostly short duration off-bouts and maintained consistent nest attentiveness throughout the day,failed nests had dramatic reductions in nest attentiveness during the cooling and Night periods(pcolony experiencing repeated nocturnal abandonment due to predation pressure from a Great Horned Owl(Bubo virginianus).Incubation appeared to ameliorate ambient temperatures during Night,as nests were significantly warmer during Night when birds were on versus off the nest(pccurred during higher ambient temperatures,perhaps due to adults leaving the nest during the hottest periods to perform belly ***,temperature logger data alone had limited ability to predict nest attentiveness status during shorter bouts,with results highly dependent on time of day and bout *** our methods did not affect hatching success(p>0.05),video-monitored nests did have significantly lower clutch sizes(pconclusions:The paired use of iButtons and video ca

关键词： common Tern iButton Nest attentiveness Sterna hirundo Temperature logger Video monitoring

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Nonlinear shear behavior of rock joints using a linearized implementation of the Barton-Bandis model

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第4期9卷 671-682页

作者： simon Heru Prassetyo Marte Gutierrez Nick Barton Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA Nick Barton and Associates Oslo Norway

Experiments on rock joint behaviors have shown that joint surface roughness is mobilized under shearing,inducing dilation and resulting in nonlinear joint shear strength and shear stress *** displacement *** Barton-Bandis(B-B) joint model provides the most realistic prediction for the nonlinear shear behavior of rock *** B-B model accounts for asperity roughness and strength through the joint roughness coefficient(JRc) and joint wall compressive strength(JcS) ***,many computer codes for rock engineering analysis still use the constant shear strength parameters from the linear Mohr-coulomb(M-c) model,which is only appropriate for smooth and non-dilatant *** limitation prevents fractured rock models from capturing the nonlinearity of joint shear *** bridge the B-B and the M c models,this paper aims to provide a linearized implementation of the B-B model using a tangential technique to obtain the equivalent M-c parameters that can satisfy the nonlinear shear behavior of rock *** equivalent parameters,namely the equivalent peak cohesion,friction angle,and dilation angle,are then converted into their mobilized forms to account for the mobilization and degradation of JRc under *** conversion is done by expressing JRc in the equivalent peak parameters as functions of joint shear displacement using proposed hyperbolic and logarithmic functions at the pre-and post-peak regions of shear displacement,***,the pre-and post-peak joint shear stiffnesses are derived so that a complete shear stress-shear displacement relationship can be *** of the linearized implementation of the B-B model show that the shear stress-shear displacement curves,the dilation behavior,and the shear strength envelopes of rock joints are consistent with available experimental and numerical results.

关键词： Rock joints Joint shear behavior Friction and dilation Barton-Bandis(B-B) model Equivalent Mohr-coulomb(M-c) parameters

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Direct acting antivirals therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis c virus

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第4期6卷 39-46页

作者： Monika Pazgan-simon Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw 51-149Poland

The estimated number of people with active hepatitis c virus infection worldwide is about 70 *** estimated number of people with active hepatitis c virus infection worldwide is about 70 *** 30%of infected individuals develop cirrhosis,whilst some develop liver cancer,the fifth most common cancer *** available treatments,high-efficacy antiviral agents mostly short-term(8-12 weeks)and pangenotypic,have efficacy rates of over 96%.Some patients,especially those with cirrhosis,develop primary liver cancer even after effective hepatitis c virus *** order to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma early,patients at risk should be enrolled in a surveillance program.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus direct acting antivirals treatment oncogenesis

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Use of Mutual Information Arrays to Predict coevolving Sites in the Full Length HIV gp120 Protein for Subtypes B and c

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第2期26卷 95-104页

作者： Anthony Rayner simon Rayner State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences

It is well established that different sites within a protein evolve at different rates according to their role within the protein; identification of these correlated mutations can aid in tasks such as ab initio protein structure, structure function analysis or sequence alignment. Mutual Information is a standard measure for coevolution between two sites but its application is limited by signal to noise ratio. In this work we report a preliminary study to investigate whether larger sequence sets could circumvent this problem by calculating mutual information arrays for two sets of drug naive sequences from the HIV gpl20 protein for the B and c subtypes. Our results suggest that while the larger sequences sets can improve the signal to noise ratio, the gain is offset by the high mutation rate of the HIV virus which makes it more difficult to achieve consistent alignments. Nevertheless, we were able to predict a number of coevolving sites that were supported by previous experimental studies as well as a region close to the c terminal of the protein that was highly variable in the c subtype but highly conserved in the B subtype.

关键词： Mutual information arrays Predict coevolving sites Protein evolve HIV gpl20 protein B and c subtypes

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Gender differences of lower urinary tract symptoms in older chinese Americans

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 526-533页

作者： Tsung Mou Oluwateniola Brown Yingxiao Hua Melissa simon XinQi Dong Kimberly Kenton c.Emi Bretschneider Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA Institute for Health Health Care Policy and Aging ResearchRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA

Objective To describe whether or not there are gender differences in lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)prevalence and risk factors in community-dwelling older chinese *** We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional population-based survey of chinese Americans aged 60 years and older between January 2011 and December 2013 in English,Mandarin,cantonese,Taishanese,or Teochew.A clinical review of systems was used to assess LUTS,which included urinary frequency,urgency,burning and/or pain,blood in urine,and urinary *** Of the total 3157 people queried,42%were men and 58%were *** men reported LUTS compared to women(32.9%vs.28.6%,p=0.01).In a multivariable analysis,female gender(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]0.60,95%confidence interval[cI]0.49-0.73),being married(aOR 0.79,95%cI 0.65-0.97),and smoking(aOR 0.66,95%cI 0.49-0.88)were found to be protective,while traditional chinese medicine use(aOR 1.51,95%cI 1.28-1.78),heart disease(aOR 1.54,95%cI 1.24-1.91),and anxiety(aOR 1.69,95%cI 1.25-2.28)were most strongly associated with increased odds of *** examining genders separately,being married was found to be protective only in ***,unique factors found in men were hypertension,heart disease,and practice of Tai *** In this large population-based study,LUTS were more prevalent in older chinese American men than *** also found gender-specific factors that influenced the odds of reporting LUTS;however,traditional chinese medicine use was the only factor that was shared by both *** longitudinal investigations are needed to elucidate these underlying mechanisms to provide evidence-based and culture-specific guidelines for this rapidly growing population.

关键词： chinese American Lower urinary tract symptom Gender Prevalence Risk factor

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Antipoisoning catalysts for the selective oxygen reduction reaction at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte

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carbon Energy 2023年第7期5卷 57-69页

作者： Sourabh S.chougule A.Anto jeffery Sreya Roy chowdhury Jiho Min Yunjin Kim Keonwoo Ko Bathinapatla Sravani Namgee Jung Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology(GEST) Chungnam National UniversityYuseong-guDaejeonRepublic of Korea

One of the primary challenges in relation to phosphoric acid fuel cells is catalyst poisoning by phosphate anions that occurs at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the *** strong adsorption of phosphate anions on the catalyst surface limits the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),significantly deteriorating fuel cell ***,antipoisoning catalysts consisting of Pt-based nanoparticles encapsulated in an ultrathin carbon shell that can be used as a molecular sieve layer are rationally *** pore structure of the carbon shells is systematically regulated at the atomic level by high-temperature gas treatment,allowing O_(2) molecules to selectively react on the active sites of the metal nanoparticles through the molecular ***,the carbon shell,as a protective layer,effectively prevents metal dissolution from the catalyst during a long-term ***,the defect-controlled carbon shell leads to outstanding ORR activity and durability of the hybrid catalyst even in phosphoric acid electrolytes.

关键词： carbon shell catalyst poisoning effect molecular sieve effect oxygen reduction reaction phosphate anions phosphoric acid fuel cells

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Autoimmune Hepatitis: clinical Review with Insights into the Purinergic Mechanism of Disease

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2013年第2期1卷 79-86页

作者： Nikhil Kapila Jennifer T.Higa Maria Serena Longhi simon c.Robson Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Farmington CT USA Gastroenterology Division and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Gastroenterology Division and Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Institute of Liver Studies King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London UK

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an important disorder that predominantly results in inflammatory liver disease in genetically predisposed *** clinicopathological picture is characterized by symptoms associated with both systemic inflammation and hepatic dysfunction,and with increased serum aminotransferases,elevated IgG,autoantibodies,and interface hepatitis on liver *** usually results in liver injury as a consequence of chronic hepatitis and ***,rarely,patients may present with fulminant liver *** diagnosis is important in all instances because the disease can be highly responsive to immunosuppressive therapeutic *** untreated,the disease is associated with high morbidity and *** we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on AIH and summarize the treatment options for this serious condition in *** also discuss the pathogenesis of the disease as a possible consequence of autoimmunity and the breakdown of hepatic *** focus on regulatory T cell impairments as a consequence of changes in cD39 ectonucleotidase expression and altered purinergic *** understanding of hepatic tolerance may aid in the development of specific and well-tolerated therapies for AIH.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Pathogenesis Immunology Purinergic cD39 Therapeutic overview

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Do microsporidia function as ＂biological weapon＂ for Harmonia axyridis under natural conditions？

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 353-359页

作者： Tobias Gegner Oliver Otti simon Tragust Heike Feldhaar Animal Population Ecology Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Invasive alien species, such as the multicoloured Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis, are often regarded as major drivers ofbiodiversity loss. Therefore understanding which characteristics or mechanisms contribute to their invasive success is important. Here the role of symbiotic microsporidia in the hemolymph of H. axyridis was investigated in the context of intraguild predation between wild-caught H. axyridis and the native ladybird species coccinella septempunctata. The microsporidia were recently discussed to contribute to the unpalatability of Harmonia for other coccinellids during intraguild predation and to function as ＂biological weapons＂. In the present study, visual detection of microsporidia in hemolymph samples revealed that 73.5 % of H. axyridis were infected. Intraguild predation experiments between larvae of the two species showed a significant competitive advantage for H. axyridis, even against larger larvae of c. septempunctata. Adult c. septempunctata always killed and fed on H. axyridis larvae. However only 11.4 % （4 of 47） of c. septempunctata that fed on infected H. axyridis died within 4 months. In contrast to previous studies this suggests that microsporidia or harmonine, the chemical defense compound of H. axyridis, do not lead to death of c. septempunctata preying on larvae ofH. axyridis. Instead our results support the idea that competitive advantage during intraguild predation greatly facilitates the success of H. axyridis and that this may help this highly invasive species to outcompete native species. The impact of microsporidia on Harmonia itself as well as on interspecific interactions require further studies.

关键词： defensive symbiont endosymbiont Harmonia axyridis invasive species microsporidia

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