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pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第43期24卷 4846-4861页

作者： Andrew McGuigan paul Kelly Richard c Turkington claire Jones Helen G coleman R Stephen Mccain centre for cancer Research and cell Biology Queen’s University Belfast Department of pathology Royal Victoria HospitalBelfast Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Mater Hospital centre for public Health Queen’s University Belfast

This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to

关键词： pancreatic cancer pancreatic adenocarcinoma pancreatic cancer risk factors pancreatic cancer treatment

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Analyses of oligodontia phenotypes and genetic etiologies

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International Journal of Oral Science 2021年第3期13卷 323-332页

作者： Mengqi Zhou Hong Zhang Heather camhi Figen Seymen Mine Koruyucu Yelda Kasimoglu Jung-Wook Kim Hera Kim-Berman Ninna M.R.Yuson paul J.Benke Yiqun Wu Feng Wang Yaqin Zhu James p.Simmer Jan c-c.Hu Dental Research Laboratory University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Second Dental center Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghaiChina Department of General Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghaiChina Orthodontic and pediatric Dentistry University of Michigan School of Dentistry1011N.University AveAnn ArborMIUSA Mott children’s Health center 806 Tuuri place FlintMIUSA Department of pedodontics Faculty of DentistryIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Molecular Genetics&Dental Research Institute School of Dentistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea Department of pediatric Dentistry&Dental Research Institute School of Dentistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea Department of paediatric Dentistry Women’s and Children’s HospitalNorth AdelaideSAAustralia Department of Medical Genetics Joe DiMaggio Children’s HospitalHollywoodFLUSA Department of Oral Implantology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghaiChina

Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more teeth and comprises the more severe forms of tooth *** genes have been implicated in the etiology of tooth agenesis,which is highly variable in its clinical *** purpose of this study was to identify associations between genetic mutations and clinical features of oligodontia *** online systematic search of papers published from January 1992 to June 2021 identified 381 oligodontia cases meeting the eligibility criteria of causative gene mutation,phenotype description,and radiographic ***,ten families with oligodontia were recruited and their genetic etiologies were determined by whole-exome sequence *** identified a novel mutation in WNT10A(c.99_105dup)and eight previously reported mutations in WNT10A(c.433 G>A;c.682 T>A;c.318 c>G;c.511.c>T;c.321 c>A),EDAR(c.581 c>T),and LRp6(c.1003 c>T,c.2747 G>T).collectively,20 different causative genes were implicated among those 393 cases with *** each causative gene,the mean number of missing teeth per case and the frequency of teeth missing at each position were ***–phenotype correlation analysis indicated that molars agenesis is more likely linked to pAX9 mutations,mandibular first premolar agenesis is least associated with pAX9 mutations.

关键词： clinical congenital likely

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Machine learning guided discovery of ternary compounds involving La and immiscible co and pb elements

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npj computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2462-2470页

作者： Renhai Wang Weiyi Xia Tyler JSlade Xinyu Fan Huafeng Dong Kai-Ming Ho paul c.canfield cai-Zhuang Wang School of physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Guangdong University of Technology510006GuangzhouChina Department of physics and Astronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Ames Laboratory-USDOE Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Department of physics University of Science and Technology of China230026HefeiChina

Ternary compounds with an immiscible pair of elements are relatively unexplored but promising for novel quantum materials *** what third element and its ratio that can be added to make stable ternary compounds out of an immiscible pair of elements remains a great *** this work,we combine a machine learning(ML)method with ab initio calculations to efficiently search for the energetically favorable ternary La-co-pb compounds containing immiscible elements co and *** previously reported structures are correctly captured by our ***,we predict a ground state La_(3)copb compound and 57 low-energy La-co-pb ternary *** to synthesize La_(3)copb via multiple techniques produce mixed or multi-phases samples with,at best,ambiguous signals of the predicted lowest-energy La_(3)copb and the second lowest-energy La_(18)co_(28)pb_(3)*** calculated results of Gibbs free energy are consistent with experiments,and will provide very useful guidance for further experimental synthesis.

关键词： elements immiscible ternary

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Search for pulsations in the LMXB EXO 0748-676

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第5期11卷 577-582页

作者： chetana Jain Biswajit paul Raman Research Institute SadashivnagarC.V.Raman AvenueBangalore 560080India

We present here results from our search for X-ray pulsations of the neu- tron star in the low mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-676 at a frequency near the burst- oscillation frequency of 44.7 Hz. Using the observations made with the proportional counter Array onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we did not find any pulsations in the frequency band of 44.4Hz to 45.0Hz and obtained a 3σ upper limit of 0.47% on the pulsed fraction for any possible underlying pulsation in this frequency band. We also discuss the importance of EXO 0748-676 as a promising source for the detection of Gravitational Waves.

关键词： X-ray: neutron stars - X-ray binaries: individual (EXO 0748-676)

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Advances in newly developing therapy for chronic hepatitis c virus infection

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 166-174页

作者： paul J. pockros Division of Gastro/Hepatology Scripps Clinic 10666 N Torrey Pines Road N203 La Jolla CA 92067 USA

chronic hepatitis c virus （HcV） infection afflicts a reported 170 million people worldwide and is often complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Morbidity and mortality are decreased with the successful treatment of chronic HcV infection. Increased understanding of the HcV has allowed further development of new direct-acting antiviral （DAA） agents against the HcV and has also allowed the development of IFN-free oral treatment regimens. In late 2013 the first nucleotide polymerase inhibitor regimen with RBV alone for genotypes 2/3 and in combination with a 12-week regimen of pEG-IFN ＋ RBV for genotypes 1, 4 was approved for use in the US. A number of promising new DAA regimens which are IFN-free are in phase 3 development and the first will likely be approved for use in the US in 2014. The currently approved regimens are discussed in detail and currently available data on future regimens are reviewed herein.

关键词： direct-acting antiviral (DAA) nucleotide polymerase inhibitors protease inhibitors

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Murine lung eosinophil activation and chemokine production in allergic airway inflammation

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第5期7卷 361-374页

作者： c Edward Rose Jr Joanne A Lannigan paul Kim James J Lee Shu Man Fu Sun-sang J Sung Division of pulmonary and critical care Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Microbiology University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA center for Immunity Inflammationand Regenerative Medicine and Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Division of pulmonary Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaScottsdaleAZUSA

Eosinophils play important roles in asthma and lung *** models are widely used for assessing the functional significance and mechanistic basis for eosinophil involvements in these ***,little is known about tissue eosinophils in *** addition,little data on eosinophil chemokine production during allergic airway inflammation are *** this study,the properties and functions of homeostatic and activated eosinophils were *** from normal tissues expressed costimulation and adhesion molecules B7-1,B7-2 and IcAM-1 for Ag presentation but little major histocompatibility complex(MHc)class II,and were found to be poor stimulators of T-cell ***,these eosinophils expressed high levels of chemokine mRNA including c10,macrophage inflammatory protein(MIp)-1a,MIp-1c,MIp-2,eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5(Mcp-5),and produced chemokine *** intracellular chemokines decreased rapidly with concomitant surface marker downregulation upon in vitro culturing consistent with piecemeal *** eosinophils from mice with induced allergic airway inflammation exhibited increased chemokines mRNA expression and chemokines protein production and upregulated MHc class II and cD11c *** were also found to be the predominant producers of the ccR1 ligands ccL6/c10 and ccL9/MIp-1c in inflamed *** production of c10 and MIp-1c correlated with the marked influx of cD11bhigh lung dendritic cells during allergic airway inflammation and the high expression of ccR1 on these dendritic cells(Dcs).The study provided baseline information on tissue eosinophils,documented the upregulation of activation markers and chemokine production in activated eosinophils,and indicated that eosinophils were a key chemokine-producing cell type in allergic lung inflammation.

关键词： allergy chemokines eosinophils lung mouse

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Burden and factors associated with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections among school-age children in Huambo,Uige and Zaire provinces,Angola

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2022年第3期11卷 99-100页

作者： Adam W.Bartlett Jose c.Sousa-Figueiredo Roelofje cvan Goor paul Monaghan Warren Lancaster Rukaaka Mugizi Elsa p.Mendes Susana Vaz Nery Sergio Lopes 不详 The Mentor Initiative 4Th Floor(South Suite)Burns HouseHarlands RoadHaywards HeathR161PGUK

Background:Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths(STHs)contribute high disease burdens amongst the neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)and are public health problems in *** study reports the prevalence,intensity and risk factors for schistosomiasis and STH infection in Huambo,Uige and Zaire provinces,Angola,to inform a school-based preventive chemotherapy ***:A two-stage cluster design was used to select schools and schoolchildren to participate in parasitological and water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)surveys across Huambo,Uige,and Zaire ***-of-care circulating cathodic antigen and urinalysis rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)were used to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and ***,***-Katz was used to identify and quantify STH species and quantify and compare with RDTs for *** filtration was used to quantify and compare with RDTs for *** statistics were used for prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis and STH *** of RDTs was assessed through specificity and cohen’s Kappa agreement with microscopy.A multivariate regression analysis was used to determine demographic and WASH factors associated with schistosomiasis and STH ***:A total 575 schools and 17,093 schoolchildren participated in the schistosomiasis survey,of which 121 schools and 3649 schoolchildren participated in the STH *** prevalence of *** was 21.2%(municipality range 0.9–74.8%)and *** 13.6%(range 0–31.2%),with an overall prevalence of schistosomiasis of 31.4%(range 5.9–77.3%).Overall prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 25.1%(range 0–89.7%),hookworm 5.2%(range 0–42.6%),and Trichuris trichiura 3.6%(range 0–24.2%),with an overall prevalence of STH infection of 29.5%(range 0.8–89.7%).Ecological zone and ethnicity were factors associated with schistosomiasis and STH infection,with older age and female sex additional risk factors for S

关键词： Schistosomiasis Soil-transmitted helminths circulating cathodic antigen Rapid diagnostic test Water,sanitation and hygiene

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RETINAL SpEcTRAL IMAGING AND BLOOD FLOW MEASUREMENT

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第4期3卷 255-265页

作者： paul LEMAILLET DONALD D.DUNcAN ART LOMpADO MOHAMED IBRAHIM QUAN DONG NGUYEN JESSIcA c.RAMELLA-ROMAN Department of Biomedical Engineering The catholic University of America 620 Michigan Ave. N.E.WashingtonDC 20064USA EcE Department Portland State University 1900 SW Fourth AvenuePortlandOR 97201USA polaris Sensor Technologies 200 Westside Square Suite 320 HuntsvilleAL 35801USA Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD 21287USA

Measurement of both oxygen saturation and blood flow in the retinal vessels has proved to give important information about the eye health and the onset of eye pathologies such as diabetic *** this study,we present the implementation,on a commercially available fundus camera,of a retinal imager and a retina blood flow *** retinal imager uses division of aperture to acquire nine wavelength-dependent sub-images of the *** consideration is taken to improve image transfer by measuring the optical properties of the fundus camera and modeling the optical train in *** part of the setup is calibrated with optical phantoms of known optical properties that are also used to build a lookup table(LUT)linking phantom optical properties to measured *** retina blood flow velocimeter relies on tracking clusters of erythrocytes and uses a fast acquisition camera attached to a zoom lens,with a green illumination *** is provided using a calibrated quartz capillary tube and human blood at a known flow *** properties of liquid phantoms are retrieved from measured reflectance using the LUT,and blood flow measurements in the retina are presented.

关键词： Retinal oximetry fundus ophthalmoscope multi-aperture camera blood flow velocity diabetic retinopathy

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Black is beautiful

Black is beautiful

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作者： (author..1967-)Taylor paul c.

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Genetic variation amongst biotypes of Dactylopius tomentosus

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 360-374页

作者： catherine W. Mathenge Markus Riegler G. Andrew c. Beattie Robert N. Spooner-Hart paul Holford School of Science and Health University of Western Sydney (Hawkesbury Campus) Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia

The tomentose cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius tomentosus （Lamarck）（Hemiptera： Dactylopiidae）, is an important biological control agent against invasive species of cylindropuntia （caryophyllales： cactaceae）. Recent studies have demonstrated that this scale is composed of host-affiliated biotypes with differential host specificity and fitness on particular host species. We investigated genetic variation and phylogenetic rela-tionships among D. tomentosus biotypes and provenances to examine the possibility that genetic diversity may be related to their host-use pattern, and whether their phylogenetic relationships would give insights into taxonomic relatedness of their host plants. Nucleotide sequence comparison was accomplished using sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I （cOI） gene. Sequences of individuals from the same host plant within a region were identical and characterized by a unique haplotype. Individuals belonging to the same biotype but from different regions had similar haplotypes. However, haplotypes were not shared between different biotypes. phylogenetic analysis grouped the monophyletic D. tomentosus into 3 well-resolved clades of biotypes. The phylogenetic relationships and clustering of biotypes corresponded with known taxonomic relatedness of their hosts. Two biotypes, Fulgida and Mamillata, tested positive for Wolbachia （α-proteobacteria）, a common endosymbiont of insects. The Wolbachia sequences were serendipitously detected by using insect-specific cOI DNA barcoding primers and are most similar to Wolbachia Supergroup F strains. This study is the first molecular characterization of cochineal biotypes that, together with Wolbachia sequences, contribute to the better identification of the biotypes of cochineal insects and to the biological control of cacti using host-specific biotypes of the scale.

关键词： biotypes cylindropuntia spp. Dactylopiidae Hemiptera tomentose cochineal scale Wolbachia spp.

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