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Discrimination of membrane antigen affinity by B cells requires dominance of kinetic proofreading over serial engagement

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第1期9卷 62-74页

作者： Philippos K Tsourkas Wanli Liu Somkanya c Das Susan K Pierce Subhadip Raychaudhuri Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Laboratory of Immunogenetics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA

B-cell receptor signaling in response to membrane-bound antigen increases with antigen affinity,a process known as affinity *** use computational modeling to show that B-cell affinity discrimination requires that kinetic proofreading predominate over serial *** find that if B-cell receptors become signaling-capable immediately upon antigen binding,which results in decreasing serial engagement as affinity increases,then increasing affinity can lead to weaker ***,antigen must stay bound to B-cell receptors for a threshold time of several seconds before becoming signaling-capable,a process similar to kinetic *** process overcomes the loss in serial engagement due to increasing antigen affinity,and replicates the monotonic increase in B-cell signaling with increasing affinity that has been observed in B-cell activation *** finding matches well with the experimentally observed time(,20 s)required for the B-cell receptor signaling domains to undergo antigen and lipid raft-mediated conformational changes that lead to Src-family kinase *** hypothesize that the physical basis for a threshold time of antigen binding might lie in the formation timescale of B-cell receptor *** time required for dimer formation decreases with increasing antigen affinity,thereby resulting in shorter threshold antigen binding times as affinity *** an affinity-dependent kinetic proofreading requirement results in affinity discrimination very similar to that observed in biological experiments.B-cell affinity discrimination is critical to the process of affinity maturation and the production of high-affinity antibodies,and thus our results have important implications in applications such as vaccine design.

关键词： computational modeling Monte carlo lymphocyte signaling Lyn Syk

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Ignition and combustion modelling in a dual fuel diesel engine

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第2期9卷 116-131页

作者： R.De Robbio M.c.cameretti R.Tuccillo Department of Industrial Engineering University of Napoli Federico IIVia Claudio 2180125NaplesItaly

A numerical simulation of a single cylinder research diesel engine fuelled by natural gas and diesel oil in dual fuel mode was conducted to test the reaction mechanism presented by Li and Williams in Ref.[1]for methane *** mechanism made of only 9 reactions can represent a good compromise between reduction of computational time and accuracy of *** reproduce test cases previously carried out experimentally and numerically with a simpler kinetic mechanism at three different premixed ratios(10%,15% and 22%).Finally,a last case characterized by a supply of methane consistent with the typical load levels for this kind of engines(80%),was investigated only *** the simulations were performed with the KIVA-3V solver on a geometry which includes open valve periods,intake and exhaust *** a comparison between experimental and numerical results,a calibration of the model has been performed and a quite good fitting of the models has been achieved.

关键词： Diesel engine combustion Methane computational fluid dynamics(cFD)

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The coal cleat system:A new approach to its study

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第3期6卷 208-218页

作者： c.F. Rodrigues c. Laiginhas M. Fernandes M.J. Lemos de Sousa M.A.P. Dinis Fernando Pessoa University Porto 4249-004 Portugal Lisbon Portugal Porto Portugal Lisbon Academy of Sciences 1249-122 Lisboa Portugal

After a general analysis regarding the concept of coal ＂cleat system＂, its genetic origin and practical applications to coalbed methane （cBM） commercial production and to c02 geological sequestration projects, the authors have developed a method to answer, quickly and accurately in accordance with the industrial practice and needs, the following yet unanswered questions：（1） how to define the spatial orientation of the different classes of cleats presented in a coal seam and （2） how to determine the frequency of their connectivites. The new available and presented techniques to answer these questions have a strong computer based tool （geographic information system, GIS）, able to build a complete georeferentiated database, which will allow to three-dimensionally locate the laboratory samples in the coalfield. It will also allow to better understand the coal cleat system and consequently to recognize the best pathways to gas flow through the coal seam. Such knowledge is considered crucial for understanding what is likely to be the most efficient opening of cleat network, then allowing the injection with the right spatial orientation, of pressurized fluids in order to directly drain the maximum amount of gas flow to a cBM exploitation well. The method is also applicable to the cO2 geological sequestration technologies and operations corresponding to the injection of cO2 sequestered from industrial plants in coal seams of abandoned coal mines or deep coal seams.

关键词： coalbed methane (cBM)coal cleat systemcoal seamGeographic information system (GIS)Gas flowc02 geological sequestration

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covariance estimation via fiducial inference

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2021年第4期5卷 316-331页

作者： W.Jenny Shi Jan Hannig Randy c.S.Lai Thomas c.M.Lee Financial Planning&Analysis MassMutualBostonMAUSA Department of Statistics&Operations Research University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA Department of Statistics University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

As a classical problem,covariance estimation has drawn much attention from the statistical com-munity for *** work has been done under the frequentist and Bayesian *** to quantify the uncertainty of the estimators without having to choose a prior,we have developed a fiducial approach to the estimation of covariance *** upon the Fiducial Berstein-von Mises Theorem,we show that the fiducial distribution of the covariate matrix is consistent under our ***,the samples generated from this fiducial distri-bution are good estimators to the true covariance matrix,which enable us to define a meaningful confidence region for the covariance ***,we also show that the fiducial approach can be a powerful tool for identifying clique structures in covariance matrices.

关键词： covariance estimation sparsity fiducial inference cliques

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Localization on certain Grothendieck categories

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第3期25卷 379-392页

作者： F. cASTAN■O-IGLESIAS N.cHIFAN c.N■ST■SEScU Departamento de Estadística y Matemática Aplicada Universidad de Almería Department of Mathematics University of Galati Facultatea de Matematicǎ

Using categorical techniques we obtain some results on localization and colocalization theory in Grothendieck categories with a set of small projective generators. In particular, we give a sufficient condition for such category to be semiartinian. For semiartinian Grothendieck categories where every simple object has a projective cover, we obtain that every localizing subcategory is a TTF-class. In addition, some applications to semiperfect categories are obtained.

关键词： Grothendieck category localization colocalization semiartinian category semiperfect category

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The Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of Smes in Tanzania

The Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orienta...

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作者： Erick .c. Marunda 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

在向客户提供优质的产品(商品和服务)时,市场导向一直是企业新产品成功的非常有用的工具。但是,先前的研究表明,某些潜在变量可能会影响市场定位与新产品性能之间的关系。中小企业(SME)在经济增长,创新和创造就业机会方面发挥着重要作用... 详细信息

在向客户提供优质的产品(商品和服务)时,市场导向一直是企业新产品成功的非常有用的工具。但是,先前的研究表明,某些潜在变量可能会影响市场定位与新产品性能之间的关系。中小企业(SME)在经济增长,创新和创造就业机会方面发挥着重要作用,因为它们在创造就业机会和公司数量方面占据着全球经济的主导地位。尽管市场导向和企业家导向对中小企业的成功与生存至关重要,尤其是在最不发达经济体中,但中小企业却很少了解和做不到将这些战略纳入其业务流程的工作。中小企业需要建立并纳入市场导向和创业导向战略,以应对不断变化的商业条件的复杂性这项研究试图评估市场导向和创业导向对坦桑尼亚中小型企业业绩的影响。这项研究的数据是使用结构化问卷从330个来自坦桑尼亚三个省的工业,服务业和制造业的中小企业样本中获得的。借助SPSS和Smart PLS v.3.2.7软件,使用结构方程模型分析了该研究的数据。目标之一评估了坦桑尼亚中小企业绩效的市场导向的影响。这项研究的结果表明,市场导向与公司绩效之间存在积极而显着的关系。另一方面,第二个目标旨在评估创业导向对公司绩效的影响。另一方面,目标三研究了市场导向与创业导向之间的关系。最后,第四个目标研究了创新是否介导了市场导向与中小企业绩效之间的关系。这项研究的结果表明,市场导向与中小企业绩效之间存在正相关关系。这导致了对H1的接受。Beta得分(0.737)意味着,当MO增长1%时,预计SME绩效将增长约73.7%。第二个目标还表明,创业导向与中小企业绩效之间存在正相关关系。Beta得分(0.336)表示,当EO增长1%时,公司绩效也会升值约33.6%。此外,关于第三个目标的发现表明,MO对EO具有积极且显着的影响,从而支持了假设3。Beta得分(0.762)表明,MO对EO的影响约为76.2%。这表明,MO和EO之间有很强的相关性。最后,第四个目标表明,创新可以调节市场定位与中小企业绩效之间的关系。VAF值表明,间接影响可解释外部变量对公司绩效的总影响的56.4%以上。根据研究结果,研究得出结论,MO和EO均可以提高SME的绩效。这项研究为发展中经济体尤其是坦桑尼亚的中小型企业之间的MO绩效和EO绩效关系提供了新的见解。因此,本研究的结果进一步表明,EO和MO可以帮助公司成为创新的,积极进取的冒险者,以便对客户,竞争对手和他们的员工有深刻的了解,以实现他们的公司目标。该研究建议中小型企业有效和有效地利用其知识,以实现本研究中从创业和作为市场导向型企业的收益或优势方面获得的收益。此外,经理或企业主也应准备冒险。当您迷路时,它可以作为将来开展业务交易的课程。当您成功时,它将增加公司的财富。

关键词：营销导向创业导向中小企业企业绩效坦桑尼亚

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Organic chemistry : a brief course / 3rd ed. 3rd ed.

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2002年

作者： Atkins, Robert c.

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Solar light assisted photocatalysis of water using a zinc oxide semiconductor

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第4期34卷 11-14页

作者： S.S.Shinde c.H.Bhosale K.Y.Rajpure Electrochemical Materials Laboratory Department of PhysicsShivaji UniversityKolhapur 416004MaharashtraIndia

The photocatalytic decomposition of an eco-persistent AO7 dye with sunlight in an oxygenated aque- ous suspension has been studied under a nano-crystalline hexagonal ZnO photocatalyst. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural, morphological and photoactive properties has been investigated. The degradation of the AO7 dye is achieved using a photoelectrochemical reactor module equipped with ZnO synthesized electrodes. Kinetic parameters have been investigated in terms of a first order rate equation. The rate constant for this hetero- geneous photocatalysis was evaluated as a function of the initial concentration of original species. A substantial reduction in AO7 dye is achieved as analyzed from cOD and TOc studies. The mechanism for the degradation could be explained on the basis of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.

关键词： zinc oxide chemical kinetics photoelectrocatalysis organic species sunlight

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Options, futures & other derivatives 5th ed

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丛书名： Prentice Hall finance series

2003年

作者： John c. Hull

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Romance of the three domains:how cladistics transformed the classifi cation of cellular organisms

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Protein & cell 2013年第9期4卷 664-676页

作者： chi-chun Ho Susanna K.P.Lau Patrick c.Y.Woo Department of Microbiology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research centre of Infection and Immunology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina carol Yu centre of Infection The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

cladistics is a biological philosophy that uses genealogi-cal relationship among species and an inferred sequence of divergence as the basis of classifi *** review critically surveys the chronological development of bio-logical classification from Aristotle through our post-genomic era with a central focus on *** 1957,Julian Huxley coined cladogenesis to denote splitting from *** 1960,the English translation of Willi Hennig’s 1950 work,Systematic Phylogenetics,was published,which received strong opposition from phenet-icists,such as numerical taxonomists Peter Sneath and Robert Sokal,and evolutionary taxonomist,Ernst Mayr,and sparked acrimonious debates in *** 1977-1990,carl Woese pioneered in using small subunit rRNA gene sequences to delimitate the three domains of cellu-lar life and established major prokaryotic *** has since dominated *** being compatible with modern microbiological observations,*** with unusual phenotypes,restricted expression of charac-teristics and occasionally being uncultivable,increasing recognition of pervasiveness and abundance of horizon-tal gene transfer has challenged relevance and validity of *** mosaic nature of eukaryotic and prokary-otic genomes was also gradually *** the mid-2000s,high-throughput and whole-genome sequencing became routine and complex geneologies of organisms have led to the proposal of a reticulated web of *** genomics only indirectly leads to understanding of func-tional adaptations to ecological niches,computational modeling of entire organisms is underway and the gap between genomics and phenetics may soon be *** are not expected to settle as taxonomic classifi cations shall remain subjective to serve the human scientist,not the classifi ed.

关键词： cladistics phenetics phylogeny classifi ca-tion evolution

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