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From common gardens to candidate genes:an elegant case of homoploid hybrid speciation

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Molecular Plant 2021年第2期14卷 200-201页

作者： Gregory L.owens Department of Biology University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada

Homoploid hybrid speciation(HHS),where genetic contributions from two species combine to produce a third species without a change in pioidy,remains an intriguing and enigmatic evolutionary process.Genomic studies in the past decade have shown that introgression and admixture between species is common,and yet well documented cases of HHS remain rare(Schumer et al.,2014;Marques et al.,2019).This strikes at a key feature of HHS;it is a far higher bar to prove that hybridization was critical for speciation than it is to show that introgression occurred.The former requires us to know how reproductive isolation(RI)is achieved,identify hybrid ancestry,and definitively link hybrid ancestry with reproductive isolation.With this in mind,the work by Wang et al.(2020)fully documenting a case of HHS is particularly impressive in terms of both the scope and clarity of the results.

关键词： al. combine intro

Porous carbon-based thermally conductive materials:Fabrication,functions and applications

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chinese Journal of Structural chemistry 2023年第4期42卷 58-72页

作者： Deyu Wang Xuan Wu Gary owens Haolan Xu Future Industries Institute UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusAdelaideSA 5095Australia

The demand for electronic devices has dramatically increased in the past few years.Efficient electronic devices require excellent thermal management systems to extend their operation time and prevent heat accumulation from affecting performance.carbonaceous materials are considered as one of the ideal thermal management materials due to their excellent physiochemical stability.In addition,since porous-structured carbon materials typically exhibit outstanding thermal conductivity,low density,and large contact area,they have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry in the last decades.In this review,methods and strategies for the preparation of highly thermally conductive porous carbon-based materials and the factors that influence their thermal conductivity of the materials are summarized.The thermal performance of porous carbonaceous materials fabricated by different approaches and their applications are also discussed.Finally,the potential challenges and strategies for the development and applications of highly thermally conductive porous carbona-ceous materials are discussed.

关键词： Porous carbon-based materials Graphene networks carbon foams Thermal conductivity Solar steam generation

Boosting extraction of Pb in contaminated soil via interfacial solar evaporation of multifunctional sponge

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1459-1468页

作者： Pan Wu Xuan Wu Yida Wang Jingyuan Zhao Haolan Xu Gary owens Future Industries Institute UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusSA 5095Australia

Interfacial solar water evaporation is a reliable way to accelerate water evaporation and contaminant remediation.Embracing the recent advance in photothermal technology,a functional sponge was prepared by coating a sodium alginate(SA)impregnated sponge with a surface layer of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to act as a photothermal conversion medium and then subsequently evaluated for its ability to enhance Pb extraction from contaminated soil driven by interfacial solar evaporation.The SA loaded sponge had a Pb adsorption capacity of 107.4 mg g^(-1).coating the top surface of the SA sponge with rGO increased water evaporation performance to 1.81 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in soil media under one sun illumination and with a wind velocity of 2 m s^(-1).Over 12 continuous days of indoor evaporation testing,the Pb extraction efficiency was increased by 22.0%under 1 sun illumination relative to that observed without illumination.Subsequently,Pb extraction was further improved by 48.9%under outdoor evaporation conditions compared to indoor conditions.Overall,this initial work shows the significant potential of interfacial solar evaporation technologies for Pb contaminated soil remediation,which should also be applicable to a variety of other environmental contaminants.

关键词： Photothermal materials Interfacial solar evaporation Reduced graphene oxide Pb extraction Soil remediation

chemodynamics of heavy metals in long-term contaminated soils:Metal speciation in soil solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1532-1540页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim Gary owens centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia climate change & Agroecology Division Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science

The concentration and speciation of heavy metals in soil solution isolated from long-term contaminated soils were investigated. The soil solution was extracted at 70% maximum water holding capacity （MWHc） after equilibration for 24 h. The free metal concentrations （cd^2＋, cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, and Zn^2＋） in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique （DMT）. Initially the DMT was validated using artificial solutions where the percentage of free metal ions were significantly correlated with the percentages predicted using MINTEQA2. However, there was a significant difference between the absolute free ion concentrations predicted by MINTEQA2 and the values determined by the DMT. This was due to the significant metal adsorption onto the cation exchange membrane used in the DMT with 20%, 28%, 44%, and 8% mass loss of the initial total concentration of cd, cu, Pb, and Zn in solution, respectively. This could result in a significant error in the determination of free metal ions when using DMT if no allowance for membrane cation adsorption was made. Relative to the total soluble metal concentrations the amounts of free cd^2＋（3%-52%） and Zn^2＋（11%-72%） in soil solutions were generally higher than those of cu^2＋（0.2%-30%） and Pb^2＋（0.6%-10%）. Among the key soil solution properties, dissolved heavy metal concentrations were the most significant factor governing free metal ion concentrations. Soil solution pH showed only a weak relationship with free metal ion partitioning coefficients （Kp） and dissolved organic carbon did not show any significant influence on Kp.

关键词： Donnan membrane technique free metal ion heavy metals partitioning coefficient solubility speciation

New Technologies and Transfer Pricing in the BRI Jurisdictions

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2021年第2期2卷 87-92页

作者： Jeffrey owens WU Global Tax Policy center Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law Vienna University of Economics and Business(WU)

This paper explores the linkage between emerging new technologies and transfer pricing,and the mechanisms available to minimise and resolve disputes in this area.It explores the way that these technologies can help achieve a better application of the Arm’s Length Principle(ALP)which remains the bedrock for transfer pricing around the world.It also identifies the way that both MNEs and Tax Administrations can use these technologies to get access to more comparable information and to achieve greater consistency in the allocation on the basis of the ALP.Finally some new ways of achieving more effective cross-border resolution mechanisms in the BRI jurisdictions are explored.

关键词： Transfer pricing Technology cross-border tax disputes Tax certainty BRl jurisdictions

A cobalt oxide@polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide-based 3D photothermal evaporator for highly efficient solar steam generation

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Tungsten 2020年第4期2卷 423-432页

作者： Ting Gao Xuan Wu Gary owens Hao‑Lan Xu Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5095Australia

Improving the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of solar steam generation is very important to facilitate real-world applications for clean water production.In this work,co_(3)O_(4)@polydopamine(PDA)nanoparticles were synthesized and combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to fabricate a new co_(3)O_(4)@PDA-rGO photothermal aerogel.The obtained pho-tothermal aerogel sheet was thereafter used to prepare both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)photothermal evaporators for solar steam generation.Due to the excellent light absorption and hydrophilicity of the photothermal aerogel,a high evaporation rate of 1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) was achieved for the 2D photothermal evaporator.While for the 3D evaporator,the evaporation rate was dramatically increased to 3.71 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) with a corresponding light-to-vapor energy efficiency of 107%.This was attributed to an increased evaporation surface area,decreased energy loss from the top evaporation surface to the environment,and energy gain from the environment on the side evaporation surface.The 3D evaporator also showed excellent practical performance in seawater desalination thus demonstrating great potential for real-world applications.

关键词： Solar-steam generation cobalt oxide Polydopamine Reduced graphene oxide Photothermal materials Seawater desalination

Evaluation of immobilizing agents as soil quality conditioners in addition to their metal(loid) immobilizing effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 307-316页

作者： chaw Su LWIN Mina LEE Young-Nam KIM Gary owens Kwon-Rae KIM Department of Soil and Water Science Yezin Agricultural UniversityYezinNaypyitaw 15013Myanmar Department of Smart-Agro Industry Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Science(IALS) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Environmental contaminants Group Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustralianMawson Lakes SA 5095Australia

In trace metal (TM)-contaminated agricultural soils,management of TM availability is important for safe crop production.In addition,maintenance or improvement of soil quality is vital for sustainable crop cultivation.Decreased TM phytoavailability and increased soil quality can be achieved by the application of various immobilizing agents to soil,which can supply both macronutrients and organic matter.This study investigated the long-term influences of four common immobilizing agents on soil biogeochemical properties and the phytoavailability of TMs in mixed metal-contaminated soil from a cultivated upland near an abandoned mining site.Lime (L),gypsum (G),fly ash (F),and animal manure-based compost (c) were applied to pots containing contaminated soil,either individually or in combination.After incubation for three years under sequential cultivation of two crops and fallow,soil biogeochemical properties were determined,and Brassica rapa plant bioassay was performed.The phytoavailability of all TMs (both cationic metals and anionic metalloids) remained significantly lower in soils treated with immobilizing agents even after three years,when compared with the no-agent control (cK) soil.In addition,the soil quality was significantly improved by treatment with immobilizing agents.For instance,the c and L+c treatments were the most effective in improving soil physical (bulk density,porosity,and water-resistant aggregate stability),chemical (pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,cation exchange capacity,and plant-available phosphorus,magnesium,and potassium),and biological (microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity) properties.The improvement of soil properties and lowering of TM bioavailability were also consistent with the most significant increase in B.rapa biomass production observed in the c treatment,followed by the L+c,G+F,L,G,F,and L+G treatments,as compared with that in cK.These results indicate that the function of the TM-immobilizing agent as a soil quality conditioner,in addition to its TM immobilizing

关键词： crop production metal bioavailability metal immobilization metal phytoavailability soil amendments soil biogeochemical properties soil remediation trace metals

A photothermal reservoir for highly efficient solar steam generation without bulk water

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1625-1633页

作者： Xuan Wu Ting Gao chenhui Han Jingsan Xu Gary owens Haolan Xu Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusSA 5095Australia School of chemistry Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia

A solid photothermal reservoir is designed to implement solar-steam generation in the absence of bulk water.The photothermal reservoir is composed of a water absorbing core encapsulated by a photothermal reduced graphene oxide based aerogel sheet which absorbs light and converts it into heat thus evaporating the stored water.The photothermal reservoir is able to store 6.5 times its own weight in water,which is sufficient for one day solar evaporation,thus no external water supplement is required.During solar-steam generation,since no bulk water is involved,the photothermal reservoir minimizes heat conduction loss,and maximizes both of the exposed evaporation surface area and net energy gain from the environment,leading to an energy efficiency beyond the theoretical limit.An extremely high water evaporation rate of 4.0 kg m-2 h-1(normalized to projection area)is achieved in laboratory studies over a cylinder photothermal reservoir with a diameter of 5.2 cm and a height of 15 cm under 1.0 sun irradiation.Practical evaluation of the photothermal reservoir outdoors as part of a desalination device demonstrates a similar evaporation rate where the salinity of the clean water produced is lower than 24 ppb.Thus the photothermal reservoir shows great potential for real world applications in portable solarthermal desalination.

关键词： Solar-steam generation Photothermal Aerogel Solar-thermal energy

The Potential of Blockchain to Transform Tax Systems in BRI Jurisdictions

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第2期1卷 47-50页

作者： Jeffrey owens WU Global Tax Policy center Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law Vienna University of Economics and Business(WU)

This short article sets out how technology is able to help resolve some of the basic problems that have plagued Belt and Road Initiative economies over many decades,namely:how to assist companies to take advantage of global markets;how to move away from a cash-based economy to a cashless economy;and how to deal with the growing volume of illicit financial flows.These technologies will transform the tax administrations of BRI jurisdictions over time.

关键词： Tax Blockchain Digitalization Belt and Road Initiative