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Inertial confinement fusion and prospects for power production

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 36-43页

作者： c.B.Edwards c.n.danson HiPER Project STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory AWE plc

As our understanding of the environmental impact of fossil fuel based energy production increases, it is becoming clear that the world needs a new energy solution to meet the challenges of the future. A transformation is required in the energy market to meet the need for low carbon, sustainable, affordable generation matched with security of supply. In the short term, an increasing contribution from renewable sources may provide a solution in some locations. In the longer term,low carbon, sustainable solutions must be developed to meet base load energy demand, if the world is to avoid an ever increasing energy gap and the attendant political instabilities. Laser-driven inertial fusion energy(IFE) may offer such a solution.

关键词： IcF IFE inertial confinement fusion inertial fusion energy

An evaluation of sustainability and societal impact of high-power laser and fusion technologies:a case for a new European research infrastructure

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第4期9卷 66-69页

作者： S.Atzeni D.Batani c.n.danson L.A.Gizzi M.Perlado M.Tatarakis V.Tikhonchuk L.Volpe Dipartimento SBAI Universitàdi Roma"La Sapienza"Roma 00161Italy cELIA Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEAUMR 510733405 TalenceFrance AWE AldermastonReading RG74PRUK centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Istituto nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche56125 PisaItaly Instituto Fusión nuclear"Guillermo Velarde"Universidad Politecnica 28006 MadridSpain Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre74100 RethymnoGreece Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University73133 ChcmiaGreece ELI-Beamlines center Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences25241 Dolni BrezanyCzech Republic centro de Laseres Pulsados(cLPU) Parque CientificoE-37185 VillamayorSalamancaSpain Laser-Plasma chair at the University of Salamanca E-37185 VillamayorSalamancaSpain

Fusion energy research is delivering impressive new results emerging from different infrastructures and industrial devices evolving rapidly from ideas to proof-of-principle demonstration and aiming at the conceptual design of reactors for the production of electricity.A major milestone has recently been announced in laser fusion by the Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory and is giving new thrust to laser-fusion energy research *** we discuss how these circumstances strongly suggest the need for a European intermediate-energy facility dedicated to the physics and technology of laser-fusion ignition,the physics of fusion materials and advanced technologies for high-repetitionrate,high-average-power broadband *** believe that the participation of the broader scientific community and the increased engagement of industry,in partnership with research and academic institutions,make most timely the construction of this infrastructure of extreme scientific attractiveness.

关键词： fusion energy high power lasers plasmas inertial fusion high energy density

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使用二元相位菲涅尔波带片产生轴向线聚焦

物理学报 2005年第5期54卷 2030-2033页

作者：李玉同张杰鲁欣金展 D.A.Pepler c.n.danson 中国科学院物理研究所光物理实验室北京100080 cLRc Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDidcotOXONOX110QX.UK

介绍了一种全新的轴向线聚焦方案 .采用菲涅尔波带片 ,在实验中产生了沿轴向长为 5mm ,宽 10 0 μm的线聚焦 .光学测量表明 ,线聚焦轴向强度分布比较均匀 .这些参数基本上可以满足激光等离子体实验的要求 .

关键词：二元相位轴向线聚焦菲涅尔波带片激光等离子体

Target fabrication for the POLAR experiment on the Orion laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 70-75页

作者： c.Spindloe D.Wyatt D.Haddock I.East J.E.cross c.n.danson E.Falize J.M.Foster M.Koenig G.Gregori Target Fabrication Group Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Atomic and Laser Physics Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford AWE cEA-DAM-DIF Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation Des Laser Intense UMR 7605 CNRS-CEA-Ecole Polytechnique-Université Paris VI

This article describes the fabrication of a suite of laser targets by the Target Fabrication group in the central Laser Facility(cLF), STFc Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for the first academic-access experiment on the Orion laser facility(Hopps et al., Appl. Opt. 52, 3597–3601(2013)) at Atomic Weapons Establishment(AWE). This experiment, part of the POLAR project(Falize et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 336, 81–85(2011); Busschaert et al., new J. Phys. 15, 035020(2013)),studied conditions relevant to the radiation-hydrodynamic processes occurring in a remarkable class of astrophysical star systems known as magnetic cataclysmic variables. A large number of complex fabrication technologies and research and development activities were required to field a total of 80 high-specification targets. Target design and fabrication procedures are described and initial alignment and characterization data are discussed.

关键词： astrophysics microtargets

Design and fabrication of gas cell targets for laboratory astrophysics experiments on the Orion high-power laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 62-66页

作者： c.Spindloe D.Wyatt S.Astbury G.F.Swadling T.clayson c.Stehlé J.M.Foster E.Gumbrell R.charles c.n.danson P.Brummitt F.Suzuki-Vidal current address： Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory California 94550 USA

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a range of ‘gas cell' microtargets produced by the Target Fabrication Group in the central Laser Facility(cLF) for academic access experiments on the Orion laser facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment(AWE). The experiments were carried out by an academic consortium led by Imperial college London. The underlying target methodology was an evolution of a range of targets used for experiments on radiative shocks and involved the fabrication of a precision machined cell containing a number of apertures for interaction foils or diagnostic windows. The interior of the cell was gas-filled before laser irradiation. This paper details the assembly processes, thin film requirements and micro-machining processes needed to produce the targets. Also described is the implementation of a gas-fill system to produce targets that are filled to a pressure of 0.1–1 bar. The paper discusses the challenges that are posed by such a target.

关键词： astrophysics microtargets

Early Phases of Star Formation: Testing chemical Tools

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 96-118页

作者： n.c.Martinez S.Paron cOnIcET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio Ciudad Universitaria(C1428EGA)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

Star-forming processes strongly influence the ISM ***,many high-quality databases are available at millimeter *** them,it is possible to carry out studies that review and deepen previous *** these studies involve large samples of sources,it is preferred to use direct tools to study the molecular *** the aim of testing these tools such as the use of the Hcn/Hnc ratio as a thermometer,and the use of H^(13)cO^(+),Hc_(3)n,n_(2)H^(+) and c_(2)H as "chemical clocks," we present a molecular line study toward 55 sources representing massive young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages:infrared dark clouds(IRDcs),highmass protostellar objects(HMPOs),hot molecular cores(HMcs) and ultracompact H II *** found that the use of the Hcn/Hnc ratio as a universal thermometer in the ISM should be taken with care because the Hcn optical depth is a big issue that can affect the ***,this tool should be utilized only after a careful analysis of the Hcn spectrum,checking that no line,neither the main nor the hyperfine ones,presents absorption *** point out that the analysis of the emission of H^(13)cO^(+),Hc_(3)n,n_(2)H^(+) and c_(2)H could be useful to trace and distinguish regions among IRDcs,HMPOs and *** molecular line widths of these four species increase from the IRDc to the HMc stage,which can be a consequence of the gas dynamics related to the starforming processes taking place in the molecular *** results not only contribute with more statistics,acting as a probe of such chemical tools,useful to obtain information in large samples of sources,but also complement previous works through the analysis of other types of sources.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:molecules ISM:clouds

Imprints of a gravitational wave through the weak field deflection of photons

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chinese Physics c 2024年第8期48卷 240-245页

作者： Reggie c.Pantig AliÖvgün Physics Department Mapúa University658 Muralla St.IntramurosManila 1002Philippines Physics Department Eastern Mediterranean UniversityFamagusta99628 North Cyprusvia Mersin 10Turkiye

In this study,we investigate the novel phenomenon of gravitational lensing experienced by gravitational waves traveling past a Schwarzschild black hole perturbed by a specific,first-order,polar gravitational *** apply the Gauss-Bonnet theorem,finding a topological contribution to the deflection of light rays passing near the black *** demonstrate that the deflection angle can be determined by analyzing a region entirely outside the path of the light ray,leading to a calculation based solely on the parameters of the perturbing wave(Legendre polynomial order,l;frequency,σ).This approach offers a unique perspective on gravitational lensing and expands our understanding of black hole interactions with gravitational waves.

关键词： supermassive black holes gravitational waves chaos weak deflection angle Gauss-Bonnet theorem

Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： n.IQBAL J.cHOI S.F.SHAH c.LEE S.LEE Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline ni-rich LinixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(nMc)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary nMc particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more ***,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress *** paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of nMc active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation ni-rich LinixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(nMc)

Empirical model for fusion cross sections of ca-induced reactions

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chinese Physics c 2024年第3期48卷 126-132页

作者： Reddi Rani.L n.Sowmya K.n Sridhar H c.Manjunatha M.M.Armstrong Arasu Department of Physics St.Joseph's College(Autonomous)Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620002TNIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeChikkaballapur-562101KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeMalur-563160KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeDevanahalli-562110KarnatakaIndia

A new empirical formula for the astrophysical S-factor has been suggested as a function of the coulomb interaction parameter,center of mass energy,and barrier *** 22 fusion reactions with ^(40,48)ca as projectiles were considered for different targets,leading to compound nuclei with atomic and mass numbers varying between 40≤Z≤≤Z≤112 and 88≤A≤27888≤A≤278,*** fusion cross-sections have been estimated using the geometric factor,the Gamow-Sommerfield factor,and the empirical formula for the *** study's findings showed better agreement with those of available experiments when compared to Wong's *** present work leads to a smaller standard deviation value than Wong's formula when used to correlate the experimental data of calcium-induced fusion ***'s formula provides a good approximation of fusion cross-sections when the center of mass energy is below the fusion barrier when compared to above the fusion barrier.

关键词： fusion cross-sections Wong formula Gamow-Sommerfield-factor Geometric-factor S-factor