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Extracellular vesicles as a potential therapeutic for age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1876-1880页

作者： lorraine l.c.chow Ben Mead School of Optometry and Vision Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Age-related macular degeneration is a major global cause of central visual impairment and seve re vision *** an aging population,the already immense economic burden of costly anti-vascular endothelial growth fa ctor treatment is likely to *** addition,current conventional treatment is only available for the late neovascular stage of age-related macular degeneration,and injections can come with potentially devastating complications,introducing the need for more economical and ris kfree *** recent years,exosomes,which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles of an endocytic origin,have shown immense potential as diagnostic biomarkers and in the therapeutic application,as they are bestowed with characte ristics including an expansive cargo that closely resembles their parent cell and exceptional ability of intercellular communication and targeting neighboring *** are currently undergoing clinical trials for various conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases;however,exosomes as a potential therapy for seve ral retinal diseases have just begun to undergo scrutinizing investigation with little literature on age-related macular degeneration *** article will focus on the limited literature availa ble on exosome transplantation treatment in age-related macular degeneration animal models and in vitro cell cultures,as well as briefly identify future research *** literature on exosome therapy using agerelated macular degeneration rodent models includes laser retinal injury,N-methyl-N-nitrosourea,and royal college of surgeon models,which mimic inflammatory and degenerative aspects of agerelated macular *** have shown promising results in preserving retinal function and morphology,as well as protecting photoreceptors from *** from their respective cellular origins may also act by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cyto kines,mRNAs,and proteins involved in photo

关键词： age-related macular degeneration exosomes extracellular vesicles miRNA neuroprotection photoreceptors retina retinal pigment epithelium

Structure Investigation of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-collagen composite

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1997年第3期13卷 179-183页

作者： Zhang, QQ Ren, l liu, lR Wang, c UNIV UTAH CCCDSALT LAKE CITYUT 84112

Naturally derived collagen protein was mixed thoroughly with medical grade poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at the ratio of 90:10 (w/w) and was crosslinked by formaldehyde to form a homogeneous composite membrane. The bulk structure of the membrane was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The membrane surface structure was investigated using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (attenuated total refraction) (FTIR-ATR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (EScA) and contact angle measurement. It was found that collagen and PVA can remain stable. This was supported by the fact that no sign of phase separation had been observed. The use of crosslinking agent can substantially influence the structure of the composite. It is suggested that this new composite deserves further investigation and is potentially usable as a biomedical material.

关键词： Nonmetallic matrix composites

Performance analysis of fuzzy BlS using different cluster methods for classification

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2021年第4期64卷 232-234页

作者： Shuang FENG c.l.Philip cHEN School of Applied Mathematics Beijing Normal University Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau

Dear editor,Neural networks (NNs) and fuzzy systems are commonly used computational intelligence techniques, each with their own merits in terms of applications. The integration of NNs and fuzzy systems, which leads to a hybrid framework known as neuro-fuzzy systems, inherits the useful properties of its constituents:the learning power of an NN and the knowledge representation of a fuzzy inference system,

关键词： Information Systems and communication Service

chaos Suppression in a Sine Square Map through Nonlinear coupling

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chinese Physics letters 2011年第11期28卷 45-48页

作者： Eduardo l.Brugnago Paulo c.Rech Departamento de Física Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina89223-100 JoinvilleBrazil

We study a pair of nonlinearly coupled identical chaotic sine square *** specifically,we investigate the chaos suppression associated with the variation of two ***-dimensional parameter-space regions where the chaotic dynamics of the individual chaotic sine square map is driven towards regular dynamics are ***,the dynamics of the coupled system is numerically characterized as the parameters are changed.

关键词： chaotic dynamics chaos

Growing Threat of Rapidly-Intensifying Tropical cyclones in East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第2期39卷 222-234页

作者： Kin Sik lIU Johnny c.l.cHAN Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Ave.KowloonHong KongChina

This study examines the long-term change in the threat of landfalling tropical cyclones(Tcs) in East Asia over the period 1975–2020 with a focus on rapidly intensifying(RI) Tcs. The increase in the annual number of RI-Tcs over the western North Pacific and the northwestward shift of their genesis location lead to an increasing trend in the annual number of landfalling RI-Tcs along the coast of East Asia. The annual power dissipation index(PDI), a measure of the destructive potential of RI-Tcs at landfall, also shows a significant increasing trend due to increases in the annual frequency and mean landfall intensity of landfalling RI-Tcs. The increase in mean landfall intensity is related to a higher lifetime maximum intensity(lMI) and the lMI location of the landfalling RI-Tcs being closer to the coast. The increase in the annual PDI of East Asia is mainly associated with landfalling Tcs in the southern(the Philippines, South china, and Vietnam) and northern parts(Japan and the Korean Peninsula) of East Asia due to long-term changes in vertical wind shear and Tc heat potential. The former leads to a northwestward shift of favorable environments for Tc genesis and intensification, resulting in the northwestward shift in the genesis, RI, and lMI locations of RI-Tcs. The latter provides more heat energy from the ocean for Tc intensification, increasing its chances to undergo RI.

关键词： tropical cyclone landfall tropical cyclone intensity climate change rapid intensification

A stable cS-FEM for the static and seismic stability of a single square tunnel in the soil where the shear strength increases linearly with depth

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第4期14卷 1253-1265页

作者： H.c.Nguyen l.Nguyen-Son Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK Department of civil Engineering and Industrial Design University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK Faculty of civil Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HUTECH)Ho Chi Minh CityViet Nam

A numerical procedure using a stable cell-based smoothed finite element method(cS-FEM)is presented for estimation of stability of a square tunnel in the soil where the shear strength increases linearly with *** kinematically admissible displacement fields are approximated by uniform quadrilateral elements in conjunction with the strain smoothing technique,eliminating volumetric locking issues and the singularity associated with the Mohrecoulomb ***,a rich set of simulations was performed to compute the static stability of a square tunnel with different geometries and soil *** presented results are in excellent agreement with the upper and lower bound solutions using the standard finite element method(FEM).The stability charts and tables are given for practical use in the tunnel design,along with a newly proposed formulation for predicting the undrained stability of a single square ***,the seismic stability number was computed using the present numerical *** results reveal that the seismic stability number reduces with an increasing value of the horizontal seismic acceleration(a_(h)),for both cases of the weightless soil and the soil with unit ***,the link between the static and seismic stability numbers is described using corrective factors that represent reductions in the tunnel stability due to seismic *** is shown from the numerical results that the corrective factor becomes larger as the unit weight of soil mass increases;however,the degree of the reduction in seismic stability number tends to reduce for the case of the homogeneous ***,this advanced numerical procedure is straightforward to extend to three-dimensional(3D)limit analysis and is readily applicable for the calculation of the stability of tunnels in highly anisotropic and heterogeneous soils which are often encountered in practice.

关键词： Tunnels Stability limit analysis cell-based smoothed finite element method (cS-FEM) Second-order cone programming(SOcP)

Recent Decrease in the Difference in Tropical cyclone Occurrence between the Atlantic and the Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第9期39卷 1387-1397页

作者： Johnny c.l.cHAN Kin Sik lIU Guy carpenter Asia-Pacific climate Impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Ave.KowloonHong KongChina

climatologically,among all ocean basins,the western North Pacific(WNP)has the largest annual number of tropical cyclones(Tcs)of around 26 while the Atlantic has around 13,yielding a difference of ***,the difference is-7 in 2020,with 30 Tcs in the Atlantic and 23 in the WNP,which is the most negative difference within the last 46 *** fact,during the last 26 years,the difference in Tc number is below 10 in ten years,with four years being *** a decreasing difference in Tc number can be attributed to the natural multidecadal variation of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation,as well as other external forcings such as anthropogenic aerosol forcing and increased greenhouse gases,with the additional impact from the la Niña *** result has significant implications on climate model projections of future Tc activity in the two ocean basins.

关键词： tropical cyclone frequency Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation climate change

Discriminative graph regularized broad learning system for image recognition

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2018年第11期61卷 179-192页

作者： Junwei JIN Zhulin lIU c.l.Philip cHEN Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Dalian Maritime University State Key laboratory of Management and control for complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences

Broad learning system(BlS) has been proposed as an alternative method of deep learning. The architecture of BlS is that the input is randomly mapped into series of feature spaces which form the feature nodes, and the output of the feature nodes are expanded broadly to form the enhancement nodes, and then the output weights of the network can be determined analytically. The most advantage of BlS is that it can be learned incrementally without a retraining process when there comes new input data or neural nodes. It has been proven that BlS can overcome the inadequacies caused by training a large number of parameters in gradient-based deep learning algorithms. In this paper, a novel variant graph regularized broad learning system(GBlS) is proposed. Taking account of the locally invariant property of data, which means the similar images may share similar properties, the manifold learning is incorporated into the objective function of the standard BlS. In GBlS, the output weights are constrained to learn more discriminative information,and the classification ability can be further enhanced. Several experiments are carried out to verify that our proposed GBlS model can outperform the standard BlS. What is more, the GBlS also performs better compared with other state-of-the-art image recognition methods in several image databases.

关键词： broad learning system deep learning graph regularization image recognition feature extraction incremental learning

NUMERIcAl SIMUlATION OF SUccINONITRITE DENDRITIc GROWTH IN A FORcED FlOW

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2008年第6期21卷 444-450页

作者： Z. chen c.l. chen l.M. Hao School of Science Department of Applied Physics Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi＇an 710072 China School of Science Xi＇an University of Science ＆ Technology Xi＇an 710054 China

Numerical simulation based on phase field method is performed to describe solidification process of pure material in a free or forced flow. The evolution of the interface is showed, and the effects of mesh grid and flow velocity on succinonitrite shape are studied. These results indicate that crystal grows into an equiaxial dendrite in a free flow and into an asymmetrical dendritic in a forced flow. With increasing flow velocity, the upstream dendritic arm tip grows faster and the downstream arm grows slower. However, the evolution of the perpendicular tip has no significant change. In addition, mesh grid has no influence on dendritic growth shape when mesh grid is above 300×300.

关键词： Phase field method Forced flow Dendritic Succinonitrite Tip velocity