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Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： David R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish Jaiswal cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana c.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael W.Lomas Jean-claude Twizere David h.Green William c.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE center for Genomics and Systems Biology(cGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE culture collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

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The Role of the Size Effect on the Drying of Refractory castables—how Its Under-standing could Narrow the Gap between Laboratory Studies and Industrial Reality

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china's Refractories 2024年第2期33卷 35-40页

作者： M.h.MOREIRA h.PENG S.Dal PONT V.c.PANDOLFELLI Materials Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos(UFSCar)São Carlos 13565-905Brazil Materials Innovation Elkem Silicon Products DevelopmentKristiansand 4621Norway cNRS Grenoble INP3SRUniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenoble 38000France

Refractories have unique capabilities such as sustaining their shape and properties at extreme conditions such as the combination of high temperatures and thermal shock,contact with molten metals and slags and in some circumstances resistance to erosion from abrasive *** the large processing output of the heavy industries such as the cement and steel ones which both require high temperature processes,the refractories structures span various meters and weight of several *** the water removal stage of hydraulic bonded castables in industrial sites takes hours(10-60 h)due to the risk of explosive spalling,efforts to mitigate it are commonly *** has provided theoretical understanding of the general aspects of drying and important tools,such as the thermogravimetry analysis(TGA),for the design of refractory compositions with higher explosive spalling ***,the optimization of this process is still far from the industrial reality especially because the actual linings that require the drying are orders of magnitude larger than the samples considered in the laboratory ***,this study proposed the analysis of the sample volume effect on the water removal dynamics through TGA of high alumina castables with calcium aluminate ***φ5 cm×5 cm cylindrical samples were assessed in a laboratory scale equipment whereas macro TGA were carried out considering 20 cm×20 cm×20 cm and 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm cubic ***,the effect of polymeric fibers was also *** was found out that the different thermal gradients within the macro TGA samples resulted in an inflection on the sample’s heating rate and that the mass loss was affected by the volume considered,especially for the composition without *** findings highlight the requirement of carefully taking into consideration the different dimensional sizes and thermal gradients in the samples when analyzing and interpreting the laboratory studies,and

关键词： drying refractory castables size effect thermogravimetry analysis

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Study of ZnO nanoparticle-supported clay minerals for electrochemical sensors,photocatalysis,and antioxidant applications

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chemPhysMater 2024年第1期3卷 83-93页

作者： Mylarappa M N.Raghavendra N.R.Bhumika c.h.chaithra B.N.Nagalaxmi K.N.Shravana Kumara Department of chemistry Sri Jagadguru Renukacharya College of ScienceArts&CommerceBengaluru 560009India Department of chemistry East West Institute of TechnologyBengaluru 560091India Department of chemistry Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for WomenBengaluru 560012India

In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was produced utilizing citric acid as both a fuel and a complexing *** hexagonal unit cell structure of the created clay/ZnO may be seen using XRD *** ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micrographs as homogenous,sphere-shaped *** possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegradation of malachite green dye was *** 90%degradation rate shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degradation *** resulting substance was electrochemically analyzed using a constructed electrode in 0.1 M KOh *** increased its sensor capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensors,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetry-based redox potential *** efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized NPs for electrochemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to create a solution combustion procedure for the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using urea as fuel.

关键词： clay clay/ZnO Photocatalytic Electrochemical sensors

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cD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDc1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël c.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.c.c.de Miranda heinz Jacobs Sjoerd h.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

cD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDc1s)to induce cD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(cTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDc1s with a transcriptomic imprint of cD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDc1 licensing by cD4^(+)T cells in *** cD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes Mhc-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDc1s and thereby improves their ability to induce cTL anticancer *** cooperation with cD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDc1s required for cTL response ***-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to cTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDcs and tumor-reactive cD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： cD4^(+)T-cell help cDc1 licensing IFN-I signaling cD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation cTL priming Tumor control

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Fish-on-chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2351-2353页

作者： Samuel K.h.Sy ho Ko Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Li Ka Shing Institute of health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong IslandHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation center Hong Kong Science ParkPak Shek KokNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Margaret K.L.cheung Research center for Management of Parkinsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Lau Tat-chuen Research center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in chinese Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Gerald choa Neuroscience Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in ***,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal ***,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain ***,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much *** is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

关键词： dealing precise sizes

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hI in high Gas-phase Metallicity Dwarf Galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 292-299页

作者： Yan Guo c.Sengupta T.c.Scott P.Lagos Y.Luo Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA Porto) Rua das Estrelas4150-762PortoPortugal

We present resolved Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope h I observations of the high gas-phase metallicity dwarf galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9(z = 0.005)(hereafter J2306) and investigate whether it could be a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy(TDG) candidate. TDGs are observed to have higher metallicities than normal dwarfs. J2306 has an unusual combination of a blue g-r color of 0.23 mag, irregular optical morphology and high-metallicity(12 +log(O/h) = 8.68 ± 0.14), making it an interesting galaxy to study in more detail. We find J2306 to be an h I rich galaxy with a large extended, unperturbed rotating h I disk. Using our h I data we estimated its dynamical mass and found the galaxy to be dark matter(DM) dominated within its h I radius. The quantity of DM, inferred from its dynamical mass, appears to rule out J2306 as an evolved TDG. A wide area environment search reveals J2306 to be isolated from any larger galaxies which could have been the source of its high gas metallicity. Additionally, the h I morphology and kinematics of the galaxy show no indication of a recent merger to explain the *** detailed optical spectroscopic observations of J2306 might provide an answer to how a seemingly ordinary irregular dwarf galaxy achieved such a high level of metal enrichment.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:dwarf galaxies:irregular radio lines:galaxies radio lines:ISM

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Proton-neutron symplectic model description of ^(106)cd

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chinese Physics c 2024年第3期48卷 169-179页

作者： h.G.Ganev Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaRussia Institute of Mechanics Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria

In this study,a microscopic shell-model description of the low-lying collective states in the weakly deformed nucleus ^(106)cd within the recently proposed microscopic version of the Bohr-Mottelson model is provided.A good description of the excitation energies of the lowest ground,γ,andβquasibands is obtained without the adjustable kinetic energy ***,γdegrees of freedom are shown to play a crucial role in the description of spectroscopy of this nucleus.A modified SU(3)SU(3)preserving high-order interaction is used to produce aγ-unstable type of odd-even staggering,observed experimentally between the states of the quasi-γ*** current approach enables the characterization of observed intraband and interband quadrupole *** findings of this study propose an alternative interpretation of the fundamental question regarding the nature of low-energy vibrations,as well as the emergence of deformation and collectivity in weakly deformed atomic nuclei.

关键词： shell-model version of the Bohr-Mottelson model proton-neutron symplectic model Sp(12,R)dynamical algebra quadrupole dynamics

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Early Phases of Star Formation: Testing chemical Tools

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 96-118页

作者： N.c.Martinez S.Paron cONIcET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio Ciudad Universitaria(C1428EGA)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

Star-forming processes strongly influence the ISM ***,many high-quality databases are available at millimeter *** them,it is possible to carry out studies that review and deepen previous *** these studies involve large samples of sources,it is preferred to use direct tools to study the molecular *** the aim of testing these tools such as the use of the hcN/hNc ratio as a thermometer,and the use of h^(13)cO^(+),hc_(3)N,N_(2)h^(+) and c_(2)h as "chemical clocks," we present a molecular line study toward 55 sources representing massive young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages:infrared dark clouds(IRDcs),highmass protostellar objects(hMPOs),hot molecular cores(hMcs) and ultracompact h II *** found that the use of the hcN/hNc ratio as a universal thermometer in the ISM should be taken with care because the hcN optical depth is a big issue that can affect the ***,this tool should be utilized only after a careful analysis of the hcN spectrum,checking that no line,neither the main nor the hyperfine ones,presents absorption *** point out that the analysis of the emission of h^(13)cO^(+),hc_(3)N,N_(2)h^(+) and c_(2)h could be useful to trace and distinguish regions among IRDcs,hMPOs and *** molecular line widths of these four species increase from the IRDc to the hMc stage,which can be a consequence of the gas dynamics related to the starforming processes taking place in the molecular *** results not only contribute with more statistics,acting as a probe of such chemical tools,useful to obtain information in large samples of sources,but also complement previous works through the analysis of other types of sources.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:molecules ISM:clouds

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增材制造Ti6Al4V合金的闪速等离子体电解氧化与在生理介质中的电化学行为

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of china 2024年第4期34卷 1150-1166页

作者： h.MORA-SANchEZ c.RAMOS M.MOhEDANO B.TORRES R.ARRABAL E.MATYKINA Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain cIDETEc Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Po.Miramón 19620014 Donostia-San SebastiánSpain Departamento Matemática Aplicada Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales y Tecnología ElectrónicaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosC/Tulipán s/nMóstoles 28933MadridSpain

研究激光粉末床熔融增材制造(AM)(又称直接金属激光烧结)技术制备的Ti6Al4V合金等离子体电解氧化(PEO)处理及其电化学行为。通过短时间(<120 s)PEO处理(也称闪速PEO),在AM合金和传统合金表面制备了3~10μm厚、含ca和P的涂层。然后在改... 详细信息

研究激光粉末床熔融增材制造(AM)(又称直接金属激光烧结)技术制备的Ti6Al4V合金等离子体电解氧化(PEO)处理及其电化学行为。通过短时间(ca和P的涂层。然后在改良的α-MEM溶液中,通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)评估了合金的电化学行为。与传统合金相比,AM合金中形成了细小的层片状α显微组织和层间小尺寸的β相颗粒,这促使了火花的产生,从而促进了PEO涂层的生长。闪速PEO涂层提高了传统合金和AM合金的耐腐蚀性,最薄的涂层(<3μm)提供了高达3倍的保护。AM Ti6Al4V由于其高的晶界密度,易受局部缝隙腐蚀的影响。而即使短至35 s的闪速PEO处理也足以成功避免这种情况。

关键词：增材制造激光粉末床熔融等离子体电解氧化闪速PEO 钛缝隙腐蚀 α-MEM

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Efficient Vision Transformers for Autonomous Off-Road Perception Systems

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Journal of computer and communications 2024年第9期12卷 188-207页

作者： Max h. Faykus III Adam Pickeral Ethan Marquez Melissa c. Smith Jon c. calhoun holcombe Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The development of autonomous vehicles has become one of the greatest research endeavors in recent years. These vehicles rely on many complex systems working in tandem to make decisions. For practical use and safety reasons, these systems must not only be accurate, but also quickly detect changes in the surrounding environment. In autonomous vehicle research, the environment perception system is one of the key components of development. Environment perception systems allow the vehicle to understand its surroundings. This is done by using cameras, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), with other sensor systems and modalities. Deep learning computer vision algorithms have been shown to be the strongest tool for translating camera data into accurate and safe traversability decisions regarding the environment surrounding a vehicle. In order for a vehicle to safely traverse an area in real time, these computer vision algorithms must be accurate and have low latency. While much research has studied autonomous driving for traversing well-structured urban environments, limited research exists evaluating perception system improvements in off-road settings. This research aims to investigate the adaptability of several existing deep-learning architectures for semantic segmentation in off-road environments. Previous studies of two convolutional Neural Network (cNN) architectures are included for comparison with new evaluation of Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures for semantic segmentation. Our results demonstrate viability of ViT architectures for off-road perception systems, having a strong segmentation accuracy, lower inference speed and memory footprint compared to previous results with cNN architectures.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation Off-Road Vision Transformers cNNs Autonomous Driving

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