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Neurodegenerative disorders,metabolic icebergs,and mitohormesis

Translational Neurodegeneration 2024年第1期13卷 388-408页

作者： Matthew c.L.Phillips martin Picard Department of Neurology Waikato HospitalHamilton 3204New Zealand Department of Medicine University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand Division of Behavioral Medicine Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA New York State Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032USA Robert N Butler columbia Aging center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders are typically“split”based on their hallmark clinical,anatomical,and pathological features,but they can also be“lumped”by a shared feature of impaired mitochondrial *** leads us to present a scientific framework that conceptualizes Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and Huntington’s disease(HD)as“metabolic icebergs”comprised of a tip,a bulk,and a *** visible tip conveys the hallmark neurological symptoms,neurodegenerative regions,and neuronal protein aggregates for each *** hidden bulk depicts impaired mitochondrial biology throughout the body,which is multifaceted and may be subdivided into impaired cellular metabolism,cell-specific mitotypes,and mitochondrial behaviours,functions,activities,and *** underlying base encompasses environmental factors,especially modern industrial toxins,dietary lifestyles,and cognitive,physical,and psychosocial behaviours,but also accommodates genetic factors specific to familial forms of AD,PD,and ALS,as well as *** years or decades,chronic exposure to a particular suite of environmental and genetic factors at the base elicits a trajectory of impaired mitochondrial biology that maximally impacts particular subsets of mitotypes in the bulk,which eventually surfaces as the hallmark features of a particular neurodegenerative disorder at the *** propose that impaired mitochondrial biology can be repaired and recalibrated by activating“mitohormesis”,which is optimally achieved using strategies that facilitate a balanced oscillation between mitochondrial stressor and recovery *** harnessing mitohormesis may constitute a potent preventative and therapeutic measure for people at risk of,or suffering with,neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Huntington’s disease Splitting Lumping Mitochondria Mitotypes Hormesis Mitohormesis

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Output digitization of simple measure-preserving linear systems

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control Theory and Technology 2021年第4期19卷 430-443页

作者： A.DeStefano M.Thitsa c.martin Department of Mathematics and computer Science College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA 01610USA Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Mercer UniversityMaconGA 31207USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79430USA

We examine three simple linear systems from the viewpoint of ergodic *** digitize the output and record only the sign of the output at integer *** show that even with this minimal output we can recover important information about the *** particular,for a two-dimensional system viewed as a fow on the circle,we can determine the rate of *** then use these results to determine the slope of the trajectories for constant irrational fow on the two-dimensional *** achieve this,we randomize the system by partitioning the state space and only recording which partition the state is in at each integer *** show directly that these systems have entropy ***,we examine two four-dimensional systems and reduce them to the study of linear fows on the two-dimensional torus.

关键词： Ergodic Linear system Observability cantor set

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fit to fight——from military hygiene to wellbeing in the British Army

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Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 482-488页

作者： martin c.M.Bricknell colonel David A.Ross Health and Military Medicine Conflict and Health Research GroupSchool of Security StudiesKing’s College LondonStrand CampusLondon WC2R 2LSUK Parkes Professor of Preventive Medicine Robertson HouseCamberley GU154NAUK

This paper reviews the historical evolution of the language and organization surrounding the health of personnel in the British Army from‘hygiene’through to‘wellbeing’.It starts by considering the health of the army in the midnineteenth century and the emergence of military hygiene as a professional *** continues by looking at advances in military hygiene in the two world *** was replaced by the term‘health’in the 1950 s as the collective noun used by professionals working in this *** unity split when the professions of occupational medicine and public health established separate faculties and training ***,the health issues for the armed forces remain fundamentally *** forward,the term‘wellbeing’is helping to refresh the close relationships between executives,their medical advisers and those within the population of health professions charged with keeping the British Army *** core theme is the collaborations between civil society,executive leadership and medical services in maximizing the health of the military population from recruitment through to life as a veteran.

关键词： Public health Hygiene Occupational medicine

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Improvements in tribological and anticorrosion performance of porous Ti–6Al–4V via PEO coating

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friction 2021年第5期9卷 1303-1318页

作者： c.Garcia-cabezón M.L.Rodríguez-Méndez V.AmigóBorrás R.Bayón c.Salvo-comino c.Garcia-Hernandez f.martin-Pedrosa Materials Engineering E.I.I.Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain BioecoUVA Research Institute Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Group UVASENS Escuela de Ingenierías IndustrialesUniversidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Instituto de Tecnología de Materials Univesitat Politécnica de ValenciaValencia 46022Spain Tribology Unit Fundación IK4-TeknikerEibar 20600Spain

Medical implants manufactured using biomaterial Ti–6Al–4V exhibit some *** higher elastic modulus than that of natural bone can cause stress shielding *** can be avoided using Ti–6Al–4V with pores in the implant ***,poor corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors are yielded because of the large area exposed to the *** mitigate both issues,coating technologies can be *** plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)process is a cost‐effective process that has been used successfully in nonporous Ti *** this study,two PEO coatings with different amounts of ca/P are ***,reports regarding their application in porous materials are *** effects of PEO treatments on corrosion and tribocorrosion in Ti–6Al–4V powder metallurgy are analyzed *** porous materials provide an efficient surface for PEO coatings,as demonstrated via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscopy(AfM),and the porosity of the substrates improved the adherence of the *** corrosion resistance measured via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the beneficial effect of the coatings,particularly for long exposure *** lower roughness,small pore size,and more compact film observed in the PEO–ca/P sample resulted in favorable tribological and corrosion properties.

关键词： Ti‐based alloys corrosion tribocorrosion surface modification

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Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional chinese medicine:An ethnopharmacological,biophysical chemical and medicinal review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9952-9975页

作者： David Q-H Wang martin c carey Gastroenterology Division Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center Liver center and Gastroenterology Division Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineEdward Doisy Research CenterSaint Louis University School of Medicine

forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates (including human bile) have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional chinese medicine (TcM) beginning with dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BcE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and heart diseases, as well as diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat. We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TcM were collated from the rich collection of ancient chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in china and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20th century collected via library (Harvard’s countway Library) and electronic searches (PubMed and Google Scholar). Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts, as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A, D, E, K, as well as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) are salutary in improving liver function, dissolving gallstones, inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication, promoting cardiac chronotropsim, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, sedative, anti-convulsive, anti-allergic, anti-congestive, anti-diabe

关键词： Bile acids Bile pigments Bilirubinates Liquid crystals Materia medica Mixed micelles Bear bile Ox gallstones Paleo-pharmacology Phospholipids

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Near-Wall flow in the Blade cascades Representing Last Rotor Root Sections of Large Output Steam Turbines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第1期30卷 220-230页

作者： ŠIMURDA David fÜRST Jiří HÁLA Jindřich LUXA martin BOBČÍK Marek NOVÁK Ondřej SYNÁČJaroslav Institute of Thermomechanics of the czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18200Czech Republic Dpt.of Technical Mathematics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringCTU in PraguePrague 12000Czech Republic Doosan Skoda Power Pilsen 30100Czech Republic

This paper investigates the flow past two variants of root section profile cascades for a last stage rotor considering three-dimensional flow structures in the near-wall *** were drawn based on RANS numerical simulations of both variants and on the experimental data obtained by the 3 D traversing in the exit flow field of one of the *** of 3 D structures at two different regimes and its influence on aerodynamic characteristics of the blade cascades was *** distributions of Mach number along the profiles were compared with 2 D optical measurements and its distortion due to the presence of the sidewall was *** interaction between main vortical structures was described and its influence on the loading of the blades,mechanical energy losses and exit flow angle was *** results showed that for a front loaded blade the vortical structures appeared earlier and at a larger extent than for an aft loaded ***,due to different Mach number distribution,contribution of end wall flow to the energy losses was lower in the case of the aft loaded *** influence of the near wall flow on the loading was found to be rather weak while the deviation of the exit flow angle appeared to be comparable for both of the variants.

关键词： turbine blade cascade secondary flow near wall flow supersonic flow cfD experiment

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Nanocomposite Materials for cathodes and Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 662-663页

作者： f. croce c.R. martin B.Scrosati L. Settimi c.Sides Dipartimento di Scienze del farmaco Università ‘G.D'Annunzio' 66013 Chieti ItalyChemistry Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USADipartimento di Chimica Università ‘La Sapienza' 00185 Roma ItalyDipartimento di Chimica Università ‘La Sapienza' 00185 Roma ItalyChemistry Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Lithium-ion batteries are today the power sources of choice far portable electronics, a multi-billion dollar market[1]. This outstanding success has spawned great international interest in applying this technology to more demanding systems, such as electric of hybrid vehicles[2]. However, to achieve full success in this area,new electrode materials, less expensive, more energetic and more compatible with the environment than the present ones, have to be identified. Accordingly, intense R&D are in progress to reach this goal and few variable alternatives to the original lithium-ion battery design, have been proposed. Particularly interesting is the olivine-structured LifePO4 cathode developed by Goodenough and co-workers[3], which offers several appealing features, such as high, flat voltage profile and relatively high specific capacity, combined with low cost and low toxicity. However, LifePO4 has one crucial disadvantage, i.e. its inherently low electric conductivity which reflects in the inability to deliver high capacity at high discharge rates. Such as poor rate capability has been the object of investigation by various groups who have proposed different approaches to overcome it, including carbon coating[4], nano-fibril textures[5], optimized synthesis procedures[6] and foreign metal doping[7].

关键词：纳米复合材料锂电池阴极电解液聚合体

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channeling the water data deluge:a system for flexible integration and analysis of hydrologic data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第3期9卷 272-299页

作者： Michael P.McGuire martin c.Roberge Jie Lian Department of computer and Information Sciences Towson UniversityTowsonMDUSA Department of Geography and Environmental Planning Towson UniversityTowsonMDUSA

The hydrologic cycle and understanding the relationship between rainfall and runoff is an important component of earth system science,sustainable development,and natural disasters caused by *** this in mind,the integration of digital earth data for hydrologic sciences is an important area of ***,it takes a tremendous amount of effort to perform hydrologic analysis at a large scale because the data to support such analyses are not available on a single system in an integrated format that can be easily ***,the state-of-the-art in hydrologic data integration typically uses a rigid relational database making it difficult to redesign the data model to incorporate new data *** Hydrocloud system incorporates a flexible document data model to integrate precipitation and stream flow data across spatial and temporal dimensions for large-scale hydrologic *** this paper,a document database schema is presented to store the integrated data-set along with analysis tools such as web services for data access and a web interface for exploratory data *** utility of the system is demonstrated based on a scientific workflow that uses the system for both exploratory data analysis and statistical hypothesis testing.

关键词： hydrology data integration cloud-based systems NoSQL NEXRAD precipitation stream flow

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Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implications for hydro-development and carbon dynamics in the neotropical Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： Derek J.martin christopher ELY Beverley c.WEMPLE Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of Geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide critically important ecosystem services to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and carbon sequestration, both of which are a result of the páramo?s organic-rich soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the rivers that drain these ecosystems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and increasing implementation of carbon-sequestering compensation for ecosystem services programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic role that rivers play in this unique ecosystem. The objective of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo catchment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment contributions from this unique ecosystem. This study implemented a combination of field, laboratory, and Geographic Information Systems techniques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo catchment(22.7 km^2) located in the eastern Andean cordillera of Ecuador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic, and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ecosystems substantially contribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially significant flux component of basin-scale carbon cycles in páramo ecosystems; and 3) hydrologic alteration campaigns(dam building) will likely critically alter these contributions and concomitantly disconnect a critical source of sediment and nutrients to downstream ecosystems.

关键词： Bank erosion Páramo fluvial geomorphology Andes

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Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： James M.fitton martin Lehmann David c.Major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The Earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas

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