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Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer c.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric critical care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

A New Model Inspired by the Pompeii Worm to Reverse Overheating in Nanosatellites

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Space(Science & Technology) 2023年第1期3卷 133-140页

作者： Ayşe MeriçYazıcı erik Persson Department of Philosophy Lund UniversityLundSweden

Nanosatellites are exposed to extreme temperatures on the spacecraft surface,which can reach up to±100℃.In this paper,we suggest a novel solution to this challenge by the use of *** imitation of the behavior of living creatures in nature is an attempt to understand and synthesize a natural object or phenomenon in an abstract or concrete *** inspiration from living things in nature can come through the materials,processes,or designs we see around us,and there is no engineering effort *** nature,the best example of temperature reversal is the Pompeii *** Pompeii worm realizes the conversion of the excess heat it is exposed to into cooling inside a multilayered *** this work,inspired by the strategy of the Pompeii worm in reversing overheating,we present a new model for the overheating problem in nanosatellites.

关键词： form heating extreme

Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria

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chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2010年第2期29卷 167-174页

作者： Nganje T.N. Adamu c.I. Ukpong e.e. Department of Geology University of Calabar Formerly Department of Geology University of Calabar

This study focused on the influence of base metal mining on heavy metal levels in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Nigeria. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) and plant samples were collected from cul-tivated farmlands in and around the mine, the unmineralized site and a nearby forest (the control site). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, cu, Pb, cr and cd) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The physical properties of soils (pH and LOI) were also measured. Results showed that soils from cultivated farm-lands have neutral pH values (6.5-7.5), and low organic matter contents (evels of Zn, Pb and cd in culti-vated soils were higher than the concentrations obtained from the control site. These heavy metals are most probably sourced from mining and agricultural activities in the study area. Heavy metal concentrations measured in plant parts decreased in the order of rice leaves>cassava tubers>peelings. In the same plant species, metal levels decreased in the order of Zn>Fe>Mn>cu>Pb>cr>cd. Most heavy metals were found in plant parts at average concentrations normally observed in plants grown in uncontaminated soil, however, elevated concentrations of Pb and cd were found in a few cassava samples close to the mine dump. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil metal contents, pH and LOI as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake.

关键词：土壤重金属含量土壤样品植物样本铅锌矿尼日利亚原子吸收光谱法线性回归分析 amp

Hack's law of debris-flow basins

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第1期24卷 74-87页

作者： Lee c. F BeIGHLeY R. e Department of civil engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road 2. Director Soil Erosion Research Laboratory Department of civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University

Hack’s law was originally derived from basin statistics for varied spatial scales and regions. The exponent value of the law has been shown to vary between 0.47 and 0.70,causing uncertainty in its application. This paper focuses on the emergence of Hack’s law from debris-flow basins in china. Over 5,000 debris-flow basins in different regions of china with drainage areas less than 100km2 are included in this study. Basins in the different regions are found to present similar distributions. Hack’s law is derived from maximum probability and conditional distributions,suggesting that the law should describe some critical state of basin evolution. Results suggest the exponent value is approximately 0.5. Further analysis indicates that Hack’s law is related to other scaling laws underlying the evolution of a basin and that the exponent is not dependent on basin shape but rather on the evolutionary stage. A case study of a well known debris-flow basin further confirms Hack’s law and its implications in basin evolution.

关键词： Debris-flow basins Hack’s law Scaling laws Basin evolution

A data directory to facilitate investigations on worldwide wildlife trafficking

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Big earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 338-348页

作者： Meredith L.gore Rowan Hilend Jonathan OPrell emily Griffin John R.Macdonald Burcu B.Keskin Aaron Ferber Bistra Dilkina Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkUSA Department of Supply chain Management Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUSA Department of Information Sciences Statisticsand Management ScienceUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaUSA Operations and Information Management Division Babson CollegeWellesleyUSA Supply chain Management Department of ManagementColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA Verterbi School of engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA

Wildlife trafficking is a global phenomenon posing many negative impacts on socio-environmental *** exploration of wildlife trafficking trends and the impact of interventions is significantly encumbered by a suite of data reuse *** describe a novel,open-access data directory on wildlife trafficking and a corresponding visualization tool that can be used to identify data for multiple purposes,such as exploring wildlife trafficking hotspots and convergence points with other crime,discovering key drivers or deterrents of wildlife trafficking,and uncovering structural *** searches,expert elicitation,and peer-reviewed publications were used to search for extant sources used by industry and non-profit organizations,as well as those leveraged to publish academic research *** open-access data directory is designed to be a living document and searchable according to multiple *** directory can be instrumental in the data-driven analysis of unsustainable illegal wildlife trade,supply chain structure via link prediction models,the value of demand and supply reduction initiatives via multi-item knapsack problems,or trafficking behavior and transportation choices via network interdiction problems.

关键词： Illegal wildlife trade supply chain operations management interdiction conservation

Transformations of the Pleiomorphic Plant MTOc during Sporogenesis in the Hepatic Marchantia polymorpha

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1244-1252页

作者： Roy c.Brown Betty e.Lemmon Masaki Shimamura Department of Biology University of Louisiana-LafayetteLafayetteLA 70504USA Department of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima UniversityKagami-yamaHigashi-Hiroshima 739-8526Japan

Sporogenesis in the hepatic Marchantia polymorpha L. provides an outstanding example of the pleiomorphic nature of the plant microtubule organizing center （MTOc）. Microtubules are nucleated from γ-tubuUn in MTOcs that change form during mitosis and meiosis. Following entry of cells into the reproductive pathway of sporogenesis, successive rounds of mitosis give rise to packets of 4-16 sporocytes. Mitotic spindles are organized at discrete polar organizers （POs）, a type of MTOc that is unique to this group of early divergent land plants. An abrupt and radical transformation in microtubule organization occurs when sporocytes enter meiosis： POs are lost and γ-tubulin is closely associated with surfaces of two large elongated plastids that subsequently divide into four. Migration of the four plastid MTOcs into a tetrahedral arrangement establishes the future spore domains and the division polarity of meiosis. As is typical of many bryophytes, cones of microtubules from the four plastid MTOcs initiate a quadripolar microtubule system （QMS） in meiotic prophase. At this point a transformation in the organization of the MTOcs occurs. The γ-tubulin detaches from plastids and forms a diffuse spheroidal pole in each of the spore domains. The plastids, which are no longer MTOcs, continue to divide. The diffuse MTOcs continue to nucleate cones of microtubules during transformation of the QMS to a bipolar spindle. Following meiosis I, γ-tubulin is associated with nuclear envelopes, and the spindles of meiosis II are organized from diffuse MTOcs at the tetrad poles. At simultaneous cytokinesis, radial microtubule systems are organized at nuclear envelope MTOcs in each of the tetrad members.

关键词： bryophyte γ-tubulin meiosis microtubules mitosis MTOc.

conceptual design of an experiment to study dust destruction by astrophysical shock waves

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2018年第3期6卷 9-14页

作者： M. J.-e. Manuel T. Temim e. Dwek A. M. Angulo e X. Belancourt R. e Drake c. c. Kuranz M. J. MacDonald B. A. Remington General Atomics 3550 General Atomics Court San Diego CA 92121 USA Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Observational cosmology Lab Code 665 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA climate and Space Science and engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94450 USA

A novel laboratory experimental design is described that will investigate the processing of dust grains in astrophysical shocks. Dust is a ubiquitous ingredient in the interstellar medium(ISM) of galaxies; however, its evolutionary cycle is still poorly understood. especially shrouded in mystery is the efficiency of grain destruction by astrophysical shocks generated by expanding supernova remnants. While the evolution of these remnants is fairly well understood, the grain destruction efficiency in these shocks is largely unknown. The experiments described herein will fill this knowledge gap by studying the dust destruction efficiencies for shock velocities in the range ～10–30 km/s(μm/ns), at which most of the grain destruction and processing in the ISM takes place. The experiments focus on the study of grain–grain collisions by accelerating small(～1 μm) dust particles into a large(～5–10 μm diameter) population; this simulates the astrophysical system well in that the more numerous, small grains impact and collide with the large population. Facilities that combine the versatility of high-power optical lasers with the diagnostic capabilities of X-ray free-electron lasers, e.g., the Matter in extreme conditions instrument at the SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory, provide an ideal laboratory environment to create and diagnose dust destruction by astrophysically relevant shocks at the micron scale.

关键词： laboratory astrophysics shock waves dust destruction

choosing between a rock and a hard place： camouflage in the round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum

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current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： William e. cOOPeR, Jr. Wade c. SHeRBROOKe Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwestern Research Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The round-tailed homed lizard Phrynosoma modestum is cryptically colored and resembles a small stone when it draws legs close to its body and elevates its back. We investigated effectiveness of camouflage in P. modestum and its dependence on stones by placing a lizard in one of two microhabitats （uniform sand or sand with surface rocks approximately the same size as lizards）. An observer who knew which microhabitat contained the lizard was asked to locate the lizard visually. Latency to detec- tion was longer and probability of no detection within 60 s was higher for lizards on rock background than on bare sand. In arenas where lizards could choose to occupy rock or bare sand, much higher proportions selected rocky backgrounds throughout the day; at night all lizards slept among stones. A unique posture gives P modestum a rounded appearance similar to many natural stones. Lizards occasionally adopted the posture, but none did so in response to a nearby experimenter. Stimuli that elicit the posture are unknown. That P. modestum is better camouflaged among rocks than on bare sand and prefers to occupy rocky areas suggests that special resemblance to rocks （masquerade） enhances camouflage attributable to coloration and immobility.

关键词： Animal defense Background matching camouflage crypsis Masquerade Squamata

VARIATION OF PHYSIcO-cHeMIcAL PROPeRTIeS OF RADIATION cROSSLINKeD RUBBeR WITH STORAGe TIMe

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2005年第5期23卷 497-501页

作者： N.c.Dafader M.e.Haque F.Akhtar Nuclear and Radiation chemistry Division

The effect of storage on physico-chemical properties of non-irradiated natural rubber and radiation vulcanized natural rubber （RVNR） were evaluated. The rubber films were stored under two different conditions, namely in open air and sealed polyethylene bags. The antioxidant, tris（nonylated phenyl） phosphite （TNPP） was used for preventing degradation of RVNR films. Gel content, cross-link density, tensile strength at break and 500% elongation of rubber films were measured. The results show that the retention （%） of tensile properties of rubber films with TNPP is higher than that of rubber films without antioxidants. The rubber films stored in polyethylene bags also show better retention of tensile properties than those of rubber films stored in open air.

关键词： Storage Radiation Tensile Properties Antioxidant.