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A classification of induced seismicity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1903-1909页

作者： c.Doglioni Dipartimento Scienze della Terra UniversitàSapienza di RomaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia RomaItaly

In order to adopt the best safety procedures, man-made earthquakes should be differentiated as a function of their origin. At least four different types of settings can be recognized in which anthropogenic activities may generate seismicity:(I) fluid removal from a stratigraphic reservoir in the underground can trigger the compaction of the voids and the collapse of the overlying volume, i.e., graviquakes; the deeper the reservoir, the bigger the volume and the earthquake magnitude;(II) wastewater or gas reinjection provides the reduction of friction in volumes and along fault planes, allowing creep or sudden activation of tectonic discontinuities, i.e., reinjection quakes;(III) fluid injection at supra-lithostatic pressure generates hydrofracturing and micro-seismicity, i.e., hydrofracturing quakes;(IV) fluid extraction or fluid injection,filling or unfilling of artificial lakes modifies the lithostatic load, which is the maximum principal stress in extensional tectonic settings, the minimum principal stress in contractional tectonic settings, and the intermediate principal stress in strike-slip settings, i.e., load quakes; over given pressure values, the increase of the lithostatic load may favour the activation of normal faults, whereas its decrease may favour thrust faults. For example, the filling of an artificial lake may generate normal fault-related ***, each setting has its peculiarities and the knowledge of the different mechanisms may contribute to the adoption of the appropriate precautions in the various industrial activities.

关键词： Anthropogenic seismicity Graviquakes Reinjection quakes Hydrofracturing quakes Load quakes

Etiology and evaluation of diarrhea in AIDS:a global perspective at the millennium

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第2期6卷 177-186页

作者： c.MelWilcox Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCenter for AIDS ResearchUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama

INTRODUcTIONIt has now been almost 20 years since the initialdescriptions of a heretofore unrecognized disorderafflicting homosexual men and manifesting asPneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’*** the identification of the humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV) as the etiology ofthis syndrome,there has been exponential growth inour understanding of this devastating

关键词： acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/etiology acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/complications diarrhea HIV immunocompetense endoscopy

REVIEW OF PARTIcLE PHYSIcS Particle Data Group

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chinese Physics c 2016年第10期40卷 1-28页

作者： c. Patrignani (Particle Data Group) Chinese Physics C 40 100001 (2016)

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, cosmology, Particle Detectors, colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group （http：//pdg. lbl. gov）. The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.

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A mechanistic study of cO removal on a small H-saturated platinum cluster

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Science china chemistry 2008年第12期51卷 1187-1196页

作者： FORREY Robert c Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Berks Campus Reading PA 19610 USA

cO poisoning to platinum catalysts has long been recognized as one of the major technical obstacles in heterogeneous catalysis and its successful removal represents a significant challenge to a wide variety of applications. Using density functional theory (DFT), we performed systematic theoretical calcula-tions to explore the cO removal mechanisms, in the presence of hydrogen, via oxidation by oxygen to form cO2 or reduction by hydrogen to form formaldehyde using a subnano Pt cluster as a model for catalyst nanoparticles. We show that cO oxidation is both thermochemically and kinetically difficult at low H coverage but becomes very exothermic with a moderate activation barrier at high H coverage, suggesting that the oxidation can be carried out readily at elevated temperatures. Doping the Pt cluster with Ru can significantly improve the oxidation thermochemical energy and moderately reduce the activation barrier. The results are consistent with experimental observations. We found that cO reduction by hydrogen to form formaldehyde is moderately endothermic. However, the reaction is predicted to be kinetically difficult due to the relatively high activation barriers associated with the sequential H attacks to the cO molecule.

关键词： cluster Pt-Au alloy full H-saturation cO oxidation cO hydrogenation density functional theory

Baryon structure from Lattice QcD

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chinese Physics c 2009年第12期33卷 1093-1101页

作者： c. Alexandrou Department of Physics University of Cyprus P.O. Box 20357 Nicosia CY-1678 Cyprus computation-based Science and Technology Research center Cyprus Institute 20 Kavafi Street Nicosia 2121 Cyprus

We present recent lattice results on the baryon spectrum, nucleon electromagnetic and axial form factors, nucleon to △ transition form factors as well as the △ electromagnetic form factors. The masses of the low lying baryons and the nucleon form factors are calculated using two degenerate flavors of twisted mass fermions down to pion mass of about 270 MeV. We compare to the results of other collaborations. The nucleon to △ transition and △ form factors are calculated in a hybrid scheme, which uses staggered sea quarks and domain wall valence quarks. The dominant magnetic dipole nucleon to △ transition form factor is also evaluated using dynamical domain wall fermions. The momentum frame are extracted using the form factors transverse density distributions of the △ in the infinite determined from lattice QcD.

关键词： lattice QcD hadron spectrum nucleon form factors △ form factors and density distributions

An Exactly Solvable Spin-1 Model under External Magnetic Field

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communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第9期52卷 539-544页

作者： c.Ekiz Department of Physics Adnan Menderes University

A two-fold cayley tree with fully q-coordinated sites is constructed and the spin-1 Blume-capel model in the presence of an external magnetic field is solved exactly. The relevant properties such as magnetization m and square magnetic moment q are investigated as functions of temperature and external magnetic fieId both for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings. In the study, we propose a possible mechanism of the plateau based on the exchange couplings.

关键词： magnetization plateau recursive lattice exact solution

Role of neutrino form factors in the energy loss rates of the pair annihilation process

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chinese Physics c 2022年第7期46卷 68-73页

作者： c.Aydin Department of Physics Karadeniz Technical University61080TrabzonTurkey

The stellar energy loss rates due to the production of neutrino pairs e^(+)e^(-) → (W, Z, γ) → veve are calculated using the minimal extension of the Standard Model with the electromagnetic properties of the Dirac neutrinos, which takes the contributions of the neutrino charge radius, anapole moment, and dipole moments into account. We show that the contribution of the electron neutrino's dipole moment is small compared with that of the charge radius. The obtained results are also compared with the results obtained using the Standard Model.

关键词： neutrinos form factors energy loss rates

Droplet digital microfluidic system for screening filamentous fungi based on enzymatic activity

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 97-112页

作者： Kenza Samlali chiara Leal Alves Mara Jezernik Steve c.c.Shih Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada centre for Applied Synthetic Biology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada Department of chemical Engineering and Applied chemistry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada

Fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes have great utility in the agricultural and food *** cell-wall-degrading enzymes are known to have functions that can help defend against pathogenic *** existing methods used to discover these enzymes are not well adapted to fungi culture and morphology,which prevents the proper evaluation of these *** report the first droplet-based microfluidic method capable of long-term incubation and low-voltage conditions to sort filamentous fungi inside nanoliter-sized *** new method was characterized and validated in solid-phase media based on colloidal chitin such that the incubation of single spores in droplets was possible over multiple days(2–4 days)and could be sorted without droplet *** long-term culture,we examined the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced by fungi during solid-state droplet fermentation using three highly sensitive fluorescein-based *** also used the low-voltage droplet sorter to select clones with highly active cell-wall-degrading enzymes,such as chitinases,β-glucanases,and β-Nacetylgalactosaminidases,from a filamentous fungi droplet library that had been incubated for>4 *** new system is portable,affordable for any laboratory,and user-friendly compared to classical droplet-based microfluidic *** propose that this system will be useful for the growing number of scientists interested in fungal microbiology who are seeking high-throughput methods to incubate and sort a large library of fungal cells.

关键词： system fluid culture

Improving maintenance efficiency and safety through a human-centric approach

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Advances in Manufacturing 2021年第1期9卷 104-114页

作者： c.Y.Siew S.K.Ong A.Y.c.Nee Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore28 Medical DriveSingapore 117456Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117576Singapore

This paper presents an adaptive human-machine interface(HMI)that can provide appropriate sets of digital maintenanceinformation and guidance to an operator during *** takes into consideration the expertise level of the operator and the maintenance context and *** proposed human-centric methodology considers the heart rate,intention,and expertise level of the operator,which can be captured using sensors during maintenance.A set of rules is formulated based on the sensor data to infer the state of the operator during a maintenance *** on the operator state,the adaptive HMI can augment the operator's senses using a scheme that combines visual,audio,and haptic guidance cues during maintenance to enhance the operator's ability to perceive information and perform maintenance *** schemes of visual,audio,and haptic cues are developed based on a comparison of the best practices obtained from experienced operators.

关键词： Augmented reality(AR) Ergonomics Product development Maintenance