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Assays for RNA synthesis and replication by the hepatitis c virus

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 233-245页

作者： c. cheng KAO Baochang FAN Sreedhar cHINNASWAMY Hui cAI c.T. RANJITH-KUMAR Jerome DEVAL Department of Molecular & cellular Biochemistry Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG) NSS Kalyani WB-74125L India Alios BioPharma lnc. South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

At least six major genotypes of Hepatitis c virus （HcV） cause liver diseases worldwide. The efficacy rates with current standard of care are about 50% against genotype 1, the most prevalent strain in the United States, Europe and Japan. Therefore more effective pan-genotypic therapies are needed. HcV RNA replication provides a number of validated targets for virus-specific and potentially pan-genotypic inhibitors. In vitro assays capturing the different steps of RNA synthesis are needed not only to identify new inhibitors, but also to examine their mechanisms of action. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the biochemical, cell-based and animal model systems to assess HcV polymerase activity and HcV RNA replication that should be useful for both basic research and applied studies.

关键词： assay RNA synthesis and replication hepatitis c virus

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism influences orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes in patients with hepatitis c virus-induced liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第11期27卷 1064-1075页

作者： José carlos Rodrigues Nascimento Lianna c Pereira Juliana Magalhães c Rêgo Ronaldo P Dias Paulo Goberlânio B Silva Silvio Alencar c Sobrinho Gustavo R coelho Ivelise Regina c Brasil Edmilson F Oliveira-Filho James S Owen Pierluigi Toniutto Reinaldo B Oriá Department of Anesthesia and Surgery Liver Transplantation Fortaleza General HospitalFortaleza 60150-160CEBrazil Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing Ontogeny and NutritionDepartment of Morphology and Institute of BiomedicineSchool of MedicineFederal University of CearáFortaleza 60430-270CEBrazil Department of Dental clinic Federal University of CearáFortaleza 60430-270CEBrazil Department of Surgery Liver Transplant Unit of Federal University of CearáFortaleza 60430-270CEBrazil Transplantation Division Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortaleza 60175-742CEBrazil Institute of Virology CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany UcL Medical School Royal Free CampusLondon NW32PFUnited Kingdom Department of Specialized Medicine Hepatology Liver Transplantation UnitAzienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata of UdineUdine I-33100Italy

BAcKGROUND Hepatitis c virus(HcV)infection is responsible for a chronic liver inflammation,which may cause end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular *** E(protein:ApoE,gene:APOE),a key player in cholesterol metabolism,is mainly synthesized in the liver and APOE polymorphisms may influence HcV-induced liver *** To determine whether APOE alleles affect outcomes in HcV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis following orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).METHODS This was a cohort study in which 179 patients,both genders and aged 34-70 years,were included before or after(up to 10 years follow-up)*** injury severity was assessed using different criteria,including METAVIR and models for endstage liver *** polymorphisms were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain *** The APOE3 allele was the most common(67.3%).In inflammation severity of biopsies from 89 OLT explants and 2 patients in pre-transplant,the degree of severe inflammation(A3F4,0.0%)was significantly less frequent than in patients with minimal and moderate degree of inflammation(≤A2F4,16.2%)P=0.048,in patients carrying the APOE4 allele when compared to *** addition,a significant difference was also found(≤A2F4,64.4%vs A3F4,0.0%;P=0.043)and(A1F4,57.4%vs A3F4,0.0%;P=0.024)in APOE4 patients when compared to APOE3 *** fibrosis degree of the liver graft in 8 of 91 patients and the lack of the E4 allele was associated with more moderate fibrosis(F2)(P=0.006).cONcLUSION Our results suggest that the E4 allele protects against progression of liver fibrosis and degree of inflammation in HcV-infected patients.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism Liver cirrhosis Hepatitis c virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation

Theoretical Model of Steel continuous casting Technology

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第1期16卷 12-16页

作者： c Gheorghies I crudu c Teletin c Spanu Faculty of Science Dunarea de JosUniversity of GalatiRO800008Romania Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dunarea de JosUniversity of GalatiRO800008Romania

A theoretical model adapted for studying steel continuous casting technology was proposed. The model based on system theory contained input/output, command, and control parameters. The process was divided .into five stages, i. e. , tundish, mold, guiding system, guiding-drawing system, and guiding-drawing-soft reduction system. The model can be used to describe the physicochemical processes, thermal processes, chemical processes, and characteristics of the cast material according to the above-mentioned stages. It can also be applied to other metallurgical technologies and even to other industries （chemistry, food, etc. ）.

关键词： steel casting technology system theory modeling

Evidence-based guidelines for greener,healthier,more resilient neighbourhoods:Introducing the 3–30–300 rule

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 821-830页

作者： cecil c.Konijnendijk Nature Based Solutions Institute BarcelonaSpain

The important contributions of urban trees and green spaces to for example,climate moderation and public health have been *** paper discusses guidelines and norms that promote the benefi ts of viewing green,living amongst green,and having easy access to green spaces for recreational *** trees and other vegetation in sight from one’s home,place of work,or school has important mental health and performance benefi *** tree canopy cover is positively associated with cooling and other aspects of climate *** public green spaces in proximity to one’s home stimulates regular use of these areas and results in positive impacts on mental,physical,and social *** analyzing existing guidelines and rules for urban green space planning and provision,a new,comprehensive guideline is presented,known as the‘3–30–300 rule’for urban *** guideline aims to provide equitable access to trees and green spaces and their benefi ts by setting the thresholds of having at least 3 well-established trees in view from every home,school,and place of work,no less than a 30%tree canopy in every neighbourhood;and no more than 300 m to the nearest public green space from every *** implementation of this new guideline is discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using this evidence-based but also clear and simple rules.

关键词： climate adaptation Guidelines Public health Trees Urban forestry

Interfacial Instability of Two Bonded Elastic Bodies Driven by Interface or Bulk Residual Stress

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2023年第6期36卷 914-920页

作者： c.Q.Ru Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2G8Canada

Inspired by recent research interest in the interface wrinkling of bonded materials in diverse areas of 3D printing,the present work studies the interfacial instability of two bonded elastic bodies driven by negative interfacial tension or compressible bulk residual *** interfacial instability modes decaying exponentially with distance from the interface,the present model is formulated for two bonded elastic half-spaces with a planar interface under plane *** explicit expression is given for the wavenumber of interfacial instability driven by negative interfacial tension,and a critical condition is derived for interfacial instability driven by compressive bulk residual *** derived results are validated with comparison to known results on surface instability of an elastic half-space,and the role of shear modulus ratio and Poisson’s ratios of two bonded elastic bodies in interfacial instability,an issue to be addressed in literature,is studied with specific reference to material parameters used in some areas of 3D printing.

关键词： Interfacial tension Surface tension Interfacial instability 3D printing Interface wrinkling

Stochastic contrast Measures for SAR Data: A Survey

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雷达学报（中英文） 2019年第6期8卷 758-781页

作者： Alejandro c.Frery La ccAN–Laboratório de computa??o científica e Análise Numérica Universidade Federal de Alagoas

“contrast”is an generic denomination for“difference”.Measures of contrast are a powerful tool in image processing and analysis,e.g.,in denoising,edge detection,segmentation,classification,parameter estimation,change detection,and feature *** present a survey on techniques that aim at measuring the contrast between(i)samples of SAR imagery,and(ii)samples and models,with emphasis on those that employ the statistical properties of the data.

关键词： contrast Divergence Entropy Geodesic distance Statistics Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)

ESTIMATOR cOMPETITION FOR POISSON PROBLEMS

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Journal of computational Mathematics 2010年第3期28卷 309-330页

作者： c.carstensen c.Merdon Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin Department of computational Science and Engineering Yonsei University

We compare 13 different a posteriori error estimators for the Poisson problem with lowest-order finite element discretization. Residual-based error estimators compete with a wide range of averaging estimators and estimators based on local problems. Among our five benchmark problems we also look on two examples with discontinuous isotropic diffusion and their impact on the performance of the estimators. （Supported by DFG Research center MATHEON.）

关键词： Finite element methods A posteriori error estimators.

Axisymmetric wetting of a liquid droplet on a stretched elastic membrane

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第6期44卷 997-1006页

作者： c.Q.RU Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2G8Canada

Wetting of a liquid droplet on another liquid substrate is governed by the well-known Neumann *** present work aims to develop an explicit modified version of the Neumann equations for axisymmetric wetting of a liquid droplet on a highly stretched elastic membrane of non-zero bending *** explicit modified form of the Neumann equations is derived to determine the two contact angles,which is reduced to Young's equation for a liquid droplet on a rigid membrane or to the Neumann equations for a liquid droplet on another liquid *** implications of the modified Neumann equations are examined by comparison with some previous results reported in the recent literature,particularly considering the ranges of material and geometrical parameters of the liquid droplet-membrane system which have not been recently addressed in the literature.

关键词： Neumann equation Young's equation liquid droplet membrane pretension

The crystallization Behavior Regulating Nature of Hydrogen Bonds Interaction on Polyamide 6,6 by Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第3期41卷 394-404,I0008页

作者： Yang Liu Li Peng Jie-Long Lin Yong Zhou Du-jin Wang charles c.Han Xian-Bo Huang Xia Dong National-certified Enterprise Technology center Kingfa Science and Technology Co.LTD.Guangzhou 510663China cAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100190China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The crystallization behavior of polyamide 6,6(PA66) under complex flow field is of great importance for its final mechanical ***(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) was applied as crystallization modifying agency to improve processability of *** regulation nature on hydrogen bonds(H-bonds) interaction of PVP was studied upon cooling *** revealed by in situ FTIR,the sample with 5 wt% PVP displays decreased enthalpy change(ΔH) for both the generation of H-bonds and the transition of H-bonds from “disordered” to “ordered” state,which illustrates the molecular mechanism for the regulation of crystallzation ***,2D-WAXD is applied to reveal the evolution of microstructure for sample under external injection *** orientation factor(f_(H)) decreases obviously with the addition of PVP,because the relaxation of chain segments is promoted as well the crystallization is *** above crystallization and microstructure changes during the processing provokes the improvement of processability without the apparent sacrifice of mechanical properties.

关键词： Polyamide 66 Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Hydrogen bonds interaction