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British Journal of General Practice论文摘要汇编——既往创伤史与卫生和社会保健从业者的沟通对无家可归妇女围生期保健看法影响的质性研究

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中国全科医学 2020年第3期23卷 347-347页

作者： GORDON A c LEHANE D burr School of Health and Related Research. Academic Unit of Primary Medical care Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health University of Sheffield Sheffield.

背景与有家的妇女相比,无家可归妇女的妊娠概率要高2倍,但是其接受孕期保健的概率低得多。复杂的生理、心理和社会因素以及合并症(包括滥用药物和精神疾病),使无家可归妇女罹患产科并发症、产后抑郁和孩子享受不到社会福利的风险增加。... 详细信息

背景与有家的妇女相比,无家可归妇女的妊娠概率要高2倍,但是其接受孕期保健的概率低得多。复杂的生理、心理和社会因素以及合并症(包括滥用药物和精神疾病),使无家可归妇女罹患产科并发症、产后抑郁和孩子享受不到社会福利的风险增加。目的探讨有妊娠史的无家可归妇女对围生期保健的看法,并在此基础上提出改进围生期保健的措施。设计与场所研究设计为质性研究。采用立意抽样法从3个社区抽取有妊娠史的无家可归的妇女作为研究对象。方法对研究对象进行半结构式访谈。在访谈过程中,使研究对象最大限度地表达自我看法。访谈进行至数据饱和为止。对访谈内容进行录音、逐字记录,并进行主题分析。由研究组成员对主题进行独立验证。结果共11例年龄不同(18~40岁)和产次不同(生育1~5个孩子)的妇女纳入了研究。大多数在童年经历过创伤和悲痛事件、患有精神疾病并滥用过药物。影响其与全科医生交流的最重要的主题是"不信任"和"担心孩子享受不到社会福利"。她们经历过卫生和社会保健从业人员的羞辱,并缺乏有效的支持网。虽然不信任卫生和社会保健从业人员,但是她们通常会预约医生,但又不向医生说出自己的需求,这不利于其获得必要的医疗服务。其次重要的主题为"尽最大努力照顾孩子""因为妊娠而享有的整体生物心理社会护理""产后缺乏能使孩子获得社会福利的支持。结论妊娠为无家可归的妇女提供了一个关键机会,使其可以获得能解决其复杂需求的护理,并使其自我照护能力得到提升,尽管其并不信任卫生和社会保健从业人员。缺乏产后支持和担心孩子享受不到社会福利加剧了这些妇女的忧伤、精神健康危机,使其反复滥用药物,从而导致无家可归……并可能导致这一循环持续进行下去。

关键词：精神疾病围生期保健质性研究妊娠史孕期保健产后抑郁童年经历创伤史

Feruloylated Arabinoxylans Are Oxidatively cross- Linked by Extracellular Maize Peroxidase but Not by Horseradish Peroxidase

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 883-892页

作者： Sally J. burr Stephen c. Fry The Edinburgh cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences The University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK Present address: Ecologie Microbienne/UMR cNRS 5557 USc INRA 1193 Universite Claude Bernard--Lyon 1 Batiment Gregor Mendel 16 rue Dubois F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

covalent cross-linking of soluble extracellular arabinoxylans in living maize cultures, which models the cross- linking of wall-bound arabinoxylans, is due to oxidation of feruloyl esters to oligoferuloyl esters and ethers. The oxidizing system responsible could be H2O2/peroxidase, O2/laccase, or reactive oxygen species acting non-enzymically, To distinguish these possibilities, we studied arabinoxylan cross-linking in vivo and in vitro. In living cultures, exogenous, soluble, extracellular, feruloylated [pentosyl-3H]arabinoxylans underwent cross-linking, beginning abruptly 8 d after sub-culture. crosslinking was suppressed by iodide, an H2O2 scavenger, indicating dependence on endogenous H2O2. However, exogenous H2O2 did not cause precocious cross-linking, despite the constant presence of endogenous peroxidases, suggesting that younger cultures contained natural cross-linking inhibitors. Dialysed culture-filtrates cross-linked [^3H]arabinoxylans in vitro only if H2O2 was also added, indicating a peroxidase requirement. This cross-linking was highly ionic-strength-dependent. The peroxidases responsible were heat-labile, although relatively heat-stable peroxidases （assayed on o-dianisidine） were also present. Surprisingly, added horseradish peroxidase, even after heat-denaturation, blocked the arabinoxylancross-linking action of maize peroxidases, suggesting that the horseradish protein was a competing substrate for [^3H]arabinoxylan coupling. In conclusion, we show for the first time that cross-linking of extracellular arabinoxylan in living maize cultures is an action of apoplastic peroxidases, some of whose unusual properties we report.

关键词： cell wall cross-links phenolics ferulate peroxidase soluble extracellular polysaccharides Zea mays L.

To name or not to name？ An overview of the social and ethical issues raised by removing anonymity from sperm donors

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 801-806页

作者： Jennifer A. burr University of Sheffield School of Health and Related Research SheffieM SA 1 4DA UK

The aim of this paper is to focus on the ethical issues raised by the removal of anonymity from sperm donors. The increasing currency of a ＇right to genetic truth＇ is clearly visible in the drive to revise the legislation on donor anonymity in Western and European countries. The ethical debate is polarized between the ＇right to privacy＇ of the donor or parent and the ＇right to know＇ of the prospective child. However, it is evident that religious, social and cultural attitudes have an overarching impact on attitudes towards sperm donation generally and anonymity specifically. In Asian countries, the social and cultural heritage is hugely diverse and different from those of the West. This review considers the research exploring the complexity of ethical issues informing this debate, and argues that parent＇s decisions to reveal donor insemination origins to their children are highly complex and relate to a range of social and cultural attitudes that have not been addressed within the policy to remove anonymity from sperm donors.

关键词： anonymity ethics disclosure genetic origins secrecy sperm donation

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高水平运动员的血流限制训练:从科学到应用

中国体育教练员 2022年第4期30卷 22-23页

作者：邓盛基(译) PIGNANELLI c cHRISTIANSEN D burr J F 上海体育学院上海200438 不详

血流限制(Blood flow restriction,BFR)训练是指在运动期间通过加压装置对肢体进行外部加压,使静脉血流闭塞的同时部分阻塞动脉血流以提高训练效果的方法。研究表明,将BFR训练加入力量、耐力和集体项目运动员的训练中,可提升骨骼肌功能... 详细信息

血流限制(Blood flow restriction,BFR)训练是指在运动期间通过加压装置对肢体进行外部加压,使静脉血流闭塞的同时部分阻塞动脉血流以提高训练效果的方法。研究表明,将BFR训练加入力量、耐力和集体项目运动员的训练中,可提升骨骼肌功能、心肺机能和运动表现。本综述目的是验证BFR训练对不同运动员产生适应性增强效应的证据,进一步探讨BFR训练的潜在作用机制。

关键词：集体项目血流限制静脉血流高水平运动员加压装置潜在作用心肺机能增强效应

Does aspirin or non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prevent colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第13期22卷 3679-3686页

作者： Nick E burr Mark A Hull Venkataraman Subramanian Leeds Institute for Biomedical and clinical Sciences St James' s University Hospital University of Leeds

AIM: To determine whether aspirin or non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NA-NSAIDs) prevent colorectal cancer(cRc) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for articles reporting the risk of cRc in patients with IBD related to aspirin or NANSAID use. Pooled odds ratios(OR) and 95%cIs were determined using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity was assessed using cochran's Q and the I2 statistic.RESULTS: Eight studies involving 14917 patients and 3 studies involving 1282 patients provided data on the risk of cRc in patients with IBD taking NA-NSAIDs and aspirin respectively. The pooled OR of developing cRc after exposure to NA-NSAIDs in patients with IBD was 0.80(95%cI: 0.39-1.21) and after exposure to aspirin it was 0.66(95%cI: 0.06-1.39). There was significant heterogeneity(I2 > 50%) between the studies. There was no change in the effect estimates on subgroup a na ly s e s o f t he po pulat io n s t udie d o r w he t he r adjustment or matching was performed.cONcLUSION: There is a lack of high quality evidence on this important clinical topic. From the available evidence NA-NSAID or aspirin use does not appear to be chemopreventative for cRc in patients with IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Aspirin Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory colorectal cancer chemoprevention

激活建筑的内在力量MRT生活和工作混合空间

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室内设计与装修 2023年第9期 146-147页

作者：〔西班牙〕burr 沙漏(编译) burr

MRT是“工业复兴元素”计划的一部分,该计划旨在保护城市的工业遗产,通过发掘这些空间的新用途,使其摆脱被拆除的命运。MRT最初是一个大型的食品和饮料仓库。原空间采用了开放式的布局,以便最大化地使用储存功能。为了适应该空间的新用... 详细信息

MRT是“工业复兴元素”计划的一部分,该计划旨在保护城市的工业遗产,通过发掘这些空间的新用途,使其摆脱被拆除的命运。MRT最初是一个大型的食品和饮料仓库。原空间采用了开放式的布局,以便最大化地使用储存功能。为了适应该空间的新用途——一个生活和工作的混合空间,项目按照新租户的不同需求和愿望进行了划分。最初,这个改造计划只是一个构想,但随着时间的推移,它被付诸实践,成为一个实际进行的项目。

关键词：混合空间储存功能 MRT 内在力量开放式租户

colonic lesion characterization in inflammatory bowel disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第10期24卷 1167-1180页

作者： Richard Lord Nicholas E burr Noor Mohammed Venkataraman Subramanian Department of Gastroenterology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for the diagnostic accuracy of in vivo lesion characterization in colonic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), using optical imaging techniques, including virtual chromoendoscopy(VcE), dye-based chromoendoscopy(DBc), magnification endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy(cLE). METHODS We searched Medline, Embase and the cochrane library. We performed a bivariate meta-analysis to calculate the pooled estimate sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios(+LHR,-LHR), diagnostic odds ratios(DOR), and area under the SROc curve(AUSROc) for each technology group. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate differences in real-time nonmagnified Kudo pit patterns(with VcE and DBc) and real-time cLE.RESULTS We included 22 studies [1491 patients; 4674 polyps, of which 539(11.5%) were neoplastic]. Real-time cLE had a pooled sensitivity of 91%(95%cI: 66%-98%), specificity of 97%(95%cI: 94%-98%), and an AUSROc of 0.98(95%cI: 0.97-0.99). Magnification endoscopy had a pooled sensitivity of 90%(95%cI: 77%-96%)and specificity of 87%(95%cI: 81%-91%). VcE had a pooled sensitivity of 86%(95%cI: 62%-95%) and specificity of 87%(95%cI: 72%-95%). DBc had a pooled sensitivity of 67%(95%cI: 44%-84%) and specificity of 86%(95%cI: 72%-94%). cONcLUSION Real-time cLE is a highly accurate technology for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions in patients with colonic IBD. However, most cLE studies were performed by single expert users within tertiary centres, potentially confounding these results.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia Lesion characterization confocal laser endomicroscopy Narrow band imaging I-scan Fujinon intelligence chromoendoscopy

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多邻国的人工智能如何知道我们需要学习什么

科技纵览 2023年第3期 28-33,2页

作者： Klinton Bicknll claire Brust burr Settles 不详

午餐时间, 你的手机发来绿色猫头鹰的提示,兴高采烈地提醒你"小多等着和你一起学习呢!"这是来自多邻国(Duolingo)的提醒,这款受欢迎的语言学习应用程序能通过算法知道你最有可能在这个时间做5分钟的西班牙语练习.这款应用会根据过去对... 详细信息

午餐时间, 你的手机发来绿色猫头鹰的提示,兴高采烈地提醒你"小多等着和你一起学习呢!"这是来自多邻国(Duolingo)的提醒,这款受欢迎的语言学习应用程序能通过算法知道你最有可能在这个时间做5分钟的西班牙语练习.这款应用会根据过去对你最有效的口吻和你最近取得的具体成就来选择通知表达方式,并加入一些引人注目的新奇元素.当你打开应用,课程已经根据你的技能水平进行了排序调整,并包括了你在上次课程中犯过错的一些单词和概念的复习.

关键词：人工智能猫头鹰技能水平西班牙语语言学习应用邻国

街头的古典主义马德里Brutal burrito餐厅

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室内设计与装修 2022年第9期 30-33页

作者： [西班牙]burr Studio(设计) 秋落(编译) burr Studio

位于马德里的Brutal burrito餐厅邀请本土设计工作室burr Studio为其打造了充满墨西哥风情的室内环境,将墨西哥文化搬进西班牙的餐厅。设计师以街头小贩为灵感,勾勒出墨西哥风味小吃的发展轮廓,进入餐厅,仿佛走进了墨西哥的街头集市。... 详细信息

位于马德里的Brutal burrito餐厅邀请本土设计工作室burr Studio为其打造了充满墨西哥风情的室内环境,将墨西哥文化搬进西班牙的餐厅。设计师以街头小贩为灵感,勾勒出墨西哥风味小吃的发展轮廓,进入餐厅,仿佛走进了墨西哥的街头集市。当大多数餐厅都以时髦舒适和网红打卡为主题时,设计团队选择将店铺打造为街头印象:粗犷裸露的钢梁配合石灰方砖地面,在从上而下的明黄色拉伸织物的映衬下,金属与玻璃构建的开敞式厨房,呈现街头巷尾棚架餐车的掠影,那种原始美感让人联想起占满人行道上的户外小吃铺。

关键词：设计工作室风味小吃室内环境开敞式餐厅古典主义马德里设计团队