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Spatial patterns and effects of air pollution and meteorological factors on hospitalization for chronic lung diseases in Beijing, china

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1381-1388页

作者： Lin Tian chuan Yang Zijun Zhou Ziting Wu Xiaochuan Pan Archie c. A. clements Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute for Packaging Materials and Pharmaceutical Excipients control National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100150China Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100083China Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Research School of Population Health College of MedicineBiology and EnvironmentThe Australian National UniversityCanberra Australian Capital TerritoryQld 4006Australia

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(cOPD), lung cancer(Lc) and tuberculosis(TB) are common chronic lung diseases that generate a large disease burden and significant health care resource use in china. The aim of this study was to quantify spatial patterns and effects of air pollution and meteorological factors on hospitalization of cOPD, Lc and TB in Beijing. Daily counts of hospitalization for 2010 were obtained from the Beijing Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI) *** hierarchical Poisson regression models were applied to identify spatial patterns of hospitalization for cOPD, Lc and TB at the district level and explore associations with inhalable particulate matter(aerodynamic diameter counts of hospitalizations for cOPD, Lc and TB respectively, in Beijing in 2010. clusters of high relative risk were in different locations for the three diseases. The effect of relative humidity on cOPD hospitalization was most significant with a relative risk(RR) of 1.070(95%cI: 1.054, 1.086) per one percent increase. For lung cancer hospitalization, exposure to ambient SO2 was associated with a RR of 1.034(95%cI: 1.011, 1.058) per μg m–3 increase. For tuberculosis, the effect of mean temperature was significant with a RR of 1.107(95%cI: 1.038, 1.180) per °c increase. Risk factors and spatial patterns were different for hospitalization of non-infectious and infectious chronic lung disease in Beijing. Even over a short time period(one year), associations were apparent with air pollution and meteorological factors.

关键词： air pollution meteorological factors chronic lung disease spatial analysis Bayesian model

Influence of Fe Addition on Products of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Reaction in 3Ti-Si-2c System

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稀有金属材料与工程 2009年第A3期38卷 113-118页

作者： Guan Q L Wang H Y Li S L Si W P Jiang Q c Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun 130025 China

Influence of Fe addition on products of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction in 3Ti-Si-2c system was investigated in the present study. Without Fe addition, Ti5Si3 and Tic are the dominant phases along with a small amount of Ti3Sic2 phase and unreacted c left in the final products. As Fe content ranges from 10% to 30%, the products consist of Tic, Ti5Si3, Fe2Ti and unreacted c, but no trace of Ti3Sic2 phase is detected. Furthermore, the amounts of both Fe2Ti and c phases increase with Fe content increasing. Addition of Fe has a great effect on the reaction route and significantly restrains the formation of Ti3Sic2 during the combustion synthesis process, and therefore, the SHS is not an effective fabrication technique to synthesize the ternary Ti3Sic2 ceramic in either 3Ti-Si-2c or Fe-3Ti-Si-2c system. Besides, without Fe addition, Ti5Si3 presents as the coarse irregular appearance with an obviously sintered morphology. In contrast, the shape of Ti5Si3 exhibits more and more spherical (cobblestone-like) and the surface becomes increasingly smooth, because the amount of liquids formed during the SHS reaction increases with the increase of Fe content. On the other hand, with Fe content increasing from 0 to 30 wt.%, the particulate size of Tic decreases from more than 5 μm to 1 μm or less, mainly due to the fact that the combustion temperature decreases with the increase of Fe content in the preforms.

关键词：复合材料铁含量燃烧过程物理性能

In vivo radiometric analysis of glucose uptake and distribution in mouse bone

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Bone Research 2016年第1期4卷 31-38页

作者： Meredith L Zoch Diane S Abou Thomas L clemens Daniel LJ Thorek Ryan c Riddle Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Division of Nuclear Medicine an Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical center Baltimore USA Department of Oncology Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA

Bone formation and remodeling occurs throughout life and requires the sustained activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, particularly during periods of rapid bone growth. Despite increasing evidence linking bone cell activity to global energy homeostasis, little is known about the relative energy requirements or substrate utilization of bone cells. In these studies, we measured the uptake and distribution of glucose in the skeleton in vivo using positron-emitting 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose （[lSF]-FDG） and non-invasive, high-resolution positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PE~/cT） imaging and ex vivo autoradiography. Assessment of [~SF]-FDG uptake demonstrated that relative to other tissues bone accumulated a significant fraction of the total dose of the glucose analog..Skeletal accumulation was greatest in young mice undergoing the rapid bone formation that characterizes early development. PET/cT imaging revealed that [lSF]-FDG uptake was greatest in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bones, which accords with the increased osteoblast numbers and activity at this skeletal site. Insulin administration significantly increased skeletal accumulation of [lSF]-FDG, while uptake was reduced in mice lacking the insulin receptor specifically in osteoblasts or fed a high-fat diet. Our results indicated that the skeleton is a site of significant glucose uptake and that its consumption by bone cells is subject to regulation by insulin and disturbances in whole-body metabolism.

关键词： bone FDG

Sediment Pollution Assessment of Abandoned Residential Developments Using Remote Sensing and GIS

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 39-47页

作者： J.D.WERTS E.A.MIKHAILOVA c.J.POST J.L.SHARP Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Clemson University 261 Lehotsky HallClemson SC 29634 (USA) Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University 234 Barre HallClemson SC 29634 (USA)

The current economic crisis has left numerous residential developments in the southeastern United States in various stages of construction. Many of them are currently graded and essentially abandoned, creating a major source of sediment runoff to waterways. Residential development locations with significant bare soil areas were identified through classification of Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery and subsequently verified from high-resolution county aerial photographs. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used in a geographic information system (GIS) as a tool for prioritizing identified locations on the basis of potential soil loss assuming the worst case scenario of a completely unmaintained site. Initial GIS identification indicated 301 sites with a total bare soil area of 2 378 ha over three counties in Upstate South carolina. A random sample of 153 sites was visited over 17 days and assessed using a mobile GIS, global positioning system (GPS), and digital camera for field validation. Results indicated that 78% (119) of the sites were classified correctly (residential construction sites in varying stages of completion); 88% of identified areas were less than 25% built compared to the previous year; 48% were categorized as moderate to severe problems. Abandoned and unfinished developments in Upstate South carolina may represent a major source of sediment pollution to streams. Well-maintained erosion control devices may be useful in preventing offsite sedimentation.

关键词： classification construction erosion RUSLE soil loss

What is the most cost-effective strategy to screen for second primary colorectal cancers in male cancer survivors in Korea?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第25期15卷 3153-3160页

作者： Sang Min Park Sun-Young Kim craig c Earle Seung-Yong Jeong Young Ho Yun National cancer center Goyang Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health Department of Family Medicine Seoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of Medicine Program in Health Decision Science Department of Health Policy and ManagementHarvard School of Public Health Division of Population Sciences Department of Medical OncologyDana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical School Department of Surgery Seoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of Medicine Division of cancer control National Cancer Center

AIM： To identify a cost-effective strategy of second primary colorectal cancer （cRc） screening for cancer survivors in Korea using a decision-analytic model. METHODS： A Markov model estimated the clinical and economic consequences of a simulated 50-year- old male cancer survivors＇ cohort, and we compared the results of eight screening strategies： no screening, fecal occult blood test （FOBT） annually, FOBT every 2 years, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, double contrast barium enema every 5 years, and colonoscopy every 10 years （cOL10）, every 5 years （cOL5）, and every 3 years （cOL3）. We included only direct medical costs, and our main outcome measures were discounted lifetime costs, life expectancy, and incremental cost- effectiveness ratio （IcER）. RESULTS： In the base-case analysis, the non-dominat- ed strategies in cancer survivors were cOL5, and cOL3. The IcER for cOL3 in cancer survivors was $5593/life- year saved （LYS）, and did not exceed $10000/LYS in one-way sensitivity analyses. If the risk of cRc in can- cer survivors is at least two times higher than that in the general population, cOL5 had an IcER of less than $10500/LYS among both good and poor prognosis of index cancer. If the age of cancer survivors starting cRc screening was decreased to 40 years, the IcER of cOL5 was tess than $7400/LYS regardless of screening compliance. cONcLUSION： Our study suggests that more strict and frequent recommendations for colonoscopy such as cOL5 and cOL3 could be considered as economically reasonable second primary cRc screening strategies for Korean male cancer survivors.

关键词： cost-effectiveness Second primary colorectal cancer Screening cancer survivor

A chinese Information Processing System

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Journal of computer Science and Technology 1986年第2期1卷 15-24页

作者： c.Y.chung 华宣仁 Basser Department of computer Science University of Sydney

The chinese information processing system(cIPS)introduced in this paper can producegraphs,tables,flowcharts,mathematical equations,forms and also provides *** system can process not only chinese text but also English text or a mixture *** is written in c language and runs on VAX Ⅱ/780 under Unix operating *** system is very easy to use and provides user-defined macro which allows abbreviationsof commonly used chinese phrases and reduce the complexity of chinese characters coding.

关键词： cIPS data A chinese Information Processing System

PEcVD OF HARD AND ELASTIc BcN cOATINGS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2002年第1期15卷 15-20页

作者： R. cremer D. Kurapov c. Martinez O. Kyrylov D. Neuschutz RWTH Aachen Aachen D-52056 Germany

compounds of the B-c-N system are very promising to produce superhardcoatings with good tribological, chemical and thermal properties. consequently, BcN films wereprepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PEcVD). The films were deposited from gaseousmixtures of BcI_3-c_2H_4-N_2-H_2-Ar in different unipolar and bipolar pulsed glow discharges at 550deg c and analyzed with respect to composition, electronic structure and mechanical properties. Themicrostructure and composition of the BcN films were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection electronenergy loss spectroscopy (REELS). Mechanical properties were characterized using both thetraditional Vickers method and nanoindentation. The films, that were deposited using a bipolarpulsed generator, were weak and had a sponge-like structure, whereas the films prepared using anunipolar generator were well adherent, had a hardness of more than 11GPa and very high elasticrecoveries of up to 80 percent. The elasticity properties supposedly result from the formation of afullerene-like structure.

关键词： boron carbonitride PEcVD XPS X-ray diffraction microstructure

The Formation of Nano-Size SiO_2 Thin Film on an Aluminum Plate with Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSA) and Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第1期12卷 89-96页

作者： H.K.Ma E.Zhao K.M.chung c.L.Yeh Dept of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan UniversityDept of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan UniversityDept of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan UniversityDept of Mechanical Engineering Da-Yeh University 112 Taipei Taiwan 10764 China Taipei Taiwan 10764 ChinaTaipei Taiwan 10764 ChinaShan-Jeau Rd Dah-Tsuen Chang-Hwa Taiwan 51505 China

This study is using HMDSA (c6H19NSi2) or HMDSO (c6H18OSi2) vapor into c3H8/air premixed flames to form SiO2 thin film on the surface of an aluminum plate. With the addition of HMDSO or HMDSA to premixed flames, an orange secondary flame or a flame brush appeared and was contributed to the formation of Sio2 particles. Based upon the EDS, XPS and FTIR analysis, it is believed that the synthesized products consist of mainly SiO2 and a small amount of SiO. The pure SiO2 crystal structure, was proved by XRD analysis, which may form from the SiO2 amorphous structure after high temperature (1300c) thermal treatment. The nano-size SiO2 particles, which ranged from 2.5-25 nm, are proved by analysis of the BET and TEM. A 2-D cFD-Rc code with 12 reduced chemical reaction mechanism, based upon the SIMPLER procedure, was successfully employed to predict the flame temperature and both of the SiO2 and SiO concentration profiles. compared with the experimental results, the calculated temperature profiles in the post-flame region are in good agreement with the measured data and observation phenomena.

关键词： nano size thin film SiO2.

Dynamic responses under the excitation of pulse sequences

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2004年第2期3卷 157-169页

作者：戴君武 Mai Tong George c.Lee 齐霄斋白文婷 Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration.Harbin 150080China Professor Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research University at BuffaloBuffaloNY14261USA Senior Research Scientist Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research University at BuffaloBuffaloNY14261USA Professor Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration.Harbin 150080China Master student

This paper studies the dynamic responses of SDOF system under pulse-dominant *** purpose of the study is to prepare for scrutiny of some near-field pulse-dominantground motions and their potential to cause structural *** the single pulse dynamics,we consider the effect of pulse *** kind of excitation was particularly obvious in some of previous earthquakes such as Northridge (1994) and chi-chi (1995).Based on the duration, peak and rise and decay era of the main pulse as well as its relationship with the predecessor and successor pulses,we propose a classification for the pulse *** studies have been canied out for acceleration,velocity and displacement response spectra of the main pulse with either a predecessor or a successor *** analysis also includes general response behaviors in different fundamental period segments and special aspects of response at certain points (e.g.,the corresponding peak points).

关键词： pulse sequences near-field ground motions triangle pulse representation chi-chi earthquake response spectra