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Thermal and salinity effects on locomotor performance of Thoropa taophora tadpoles(Anura,cycloramphidae)

Integrative Zoology 2020年第1期15卷 40-54页

作者： Antonio c.GALLO cinthia ABRASILEIRO Fábio cury DE BARROS JoséEduardo DE cARVALHO Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Federal University of São PauloDiademaSão PauloBrazil

It is well known that environmental temperature influences several biological functions of ectotherms,notably in *** high permeability of anuran skin,associated with the effect of elevated environmental temperature,potentiates the dehydration process and this combination may restrict locomotor ***pa taophora is an endemic species from the Atlantic Rainforest whose tadpoles are semiterrestrial and predominantly diurnal,and are found in rocky seashores where they are exposed to sea spray and high *** this study we investigated how temperature and salinity conditions affect the locomotor performance in Thoropa taophora *** also assessed how different osmotic concentrations affect the activity of the metabolic pathways that support muscle *** measured the sprint speed of tadpoles of various sizes at different temperatures and salinities in the *** also measured the activity of the enzymes pyruvate kinase(PK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and citrate synthase(cS)in different temperatures and osmotic concentrations,and calculated the thermal sensitivity and the activity constants for each *** results showed that,in general,sprint speed decreased with increasing temperature and ***,whereas the effect of increased salinity was similar in smaller and larger tadpoles,increased temperature had a higher negative impact on sprint speed of larger tadpoles,thus indicating low thermal sensitivity of small *** and LDH thermal sensitivities and LDH constant of activity decreased as the osmolality *** conclusion,the locomotor capacity of tadpoles was decreased by temperature and salinity,which may be related to a decrease in anaerobic metabolism both in terms of sensitivity and total energy turnover through enzymatic *** discuss the ecological consequences,including the potential impacts on predator escape behavior promoted by changes in metabolism and locomotor performance

关键词： amphibians energy metabolism enzyme activity sprint speed

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Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Bio-Based Fertilizers:Bioavailability and Fractionation

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Pedosphere 2016年第3期26卷 310-325页

作者： céline VANEEcKHAUTE Joery JANDA Peter A.VANROLLEGHEM Filip M.G.TAcK Erik MEERS Laboratory for Analytical and Applied Ecochemistry Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University model EAU Département de Génie Civil et de Génie des EauxFaculté des Sciences et de GénieUniversité Laval

Although to date some technologies producing bio-based phosphorus(P) fertilizers have been proposed and implemented, the efficient use of the recovered products is still limited due to legislative constraints and lack of insights in the P release with time and in the corresponding mechanisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the fertilizer performance in terms of P release and use efficiency of recovered struvite, FePO_4-sludge, digestate, and animal manure as compared to fossil reserve-based mineral triple superphosphate(TSP). First, product physicochemical characteristics and P fractions in the context of European fertilizer legislation were assessed. Next, a controlled greenhouse experiment was set up to evaluate plant reactions as well as changes of P availability in a sandy soil with high P status and a Rheinsand soil with low P status. Soil P fractions were determined in the extracts with water, ammonium lactate and cacl_2, and in soil solution sampled with Rhizon soil moisture samplers. Based on all results, it is worth conducting long-term field trials to evaluate the P release effect of struvite and digestate as compared to animal manure and TSP on different soil types with varying P status. These products showed promise as sustainable substitutes for conventional P fertilizers and could contribute to a more efficient use of P in agriculture. A refined classification of P application standards/recommendations in terms of soil P status, soil texture, and fertilizer characteristics, next to the crop P demand, is recommended. Moreover, the additional use of Rhizon samplers for determination of direct available P, including dissolved organic P, is proposed for better understanding and categorization of different P fertilizers in environmental and fertilizer legislations.

关键词： chemical soil analysis digestate nutrient recovery Rhizon samplers struvite

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Ecology and local knowledge of the Baird’s tapir (Tapirella bairdii) in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 361-374页

作者： Mario césar LAVARIEGA NOLAScO Miguel BRIONES-SALAS Amado MAZAS-TEODOcIO Elvira DURÁN-MEDINA Interdisciplinary Research center for Integral Development Oaxaca UnitNational Polytechnic InstituteOaxacaMexico

As well as being of global cultural importance(from local tribal folklore to being an iconic species for conservation),the tapir plays an important role in its ecosystem as a herbivore and seed ***,the ecology and ethnozoology of the endangered Baird’s tapir in the north of Oaxaca,Mexico is poorly *** used camera traps to estimate its relative abundance and density and to describe the activity patterns of the northernmost population of Baird’s tapir in the Sierra Madre de *** knowledge concerning the tapir was also documented,along with the conservation strategies undertaken by the 2 indigenous communities that own the land where the study site is *** adult tapirs were photographed,and these were active 14 h per day,but were mainly nocturnal and *** estimated relative abundance(12.99±2.24 events/1000 camera days)and density values(0.07-0.24 individuals/km2)were both similar to those found in another site in Mexico located within a protected ***-structured interviews revealed that people have a basic understanding of the eating habits,activity and main predators of the *** were reports of hunting,although not among those respondents who regularly consume bush ***,the relative abundance and density estimates of tapir at the study site could be related to the favorable condition of the forest and the absence of hunting and consumption of tapir ***,the local people are conducting initiatives promoting the conservation of this ungulate and its habitat that combine to constitute a regional trend of habitat and wildlife protection.

关键词： camera-trapping density estimation random encounter model tapir conservation

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PREPARATION OF LEAD-AcID BATTERY USING ELEcTROPLATED RETIcULATED Sic AS THE POSITIVE cURRENT cOLLEcTOR

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第2期18卷 107-112页

作者： Z.M.Zou X.M.cao c.Tian J.S.Zhang InstituteofMetalResearch TheChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016China

The possibility of using Pb-electroplated reticulated Sic as the positive current collector for lead-acid batteries was investigated. Reticulated Sic with two aperture sizes (3 and 2mm) were tested as the substrate of positive electrode. It was found that the reticulated Sic has an excellent corrosion resistance in H2SO4 solution, and the Pb layer electroplated on reticulated Sic showed analogous electrochemical behavior to metal Pb. Preliminary test of the battery performance indicated that the utilization efficiency of the positive active mass of new designed batteries are improved compared with the conventional batteries. The improvement could be ascribed to the high specific surface area of the reticulated structured positive current collector, which was further supported by the even better performance of the battery made from a smaller aperture size (2mm) reticulated Sic as the substrate of the positive electrode.

关键词： lead-acid battery reticulated Sic electroplating current collector

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管理经济学

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作者： H. c.·彼得森 W. c.·刘易斯

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Effects of low-oxygen conditions on embryo growth in the painted turtle,chrysemys picta

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第2期12卷 148-156页

作者： Gerardo A.cORDERO Matthew L.KARNATZ Jon c.SVENDSEN Eric J.GANGLOFF Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Technical University of Denmark National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesFreshwater FisheriesSilkeborgDenmark Interdisciplinary centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of PortoPortoPortugal

Low-oxygen conditions(hypoxia;<21%O_(2))are considered unfavorable for growth;yet,embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean *** enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in... 详细信息

Low-oxygen conditions(hypoxia;considered unfavorable for growth;yet,embryos of many vertebrate taxa develop successfully in hypoxic subterranean *** enhanced tolerance to hypoxia has been demonstrated in adult reptiles,such as in the painted turtle(chrysemys picta),its effects on sensitive embryo life stages warrant *** tested the hypothesis that short-term hypoxia negatively affects growth during day 40 of development in ***,when O_(2) demands are highest in embryos.A brief,but severe,hypoxic event(5%O_(2) for 0.5 h)moderately affected embryo growth,causing a 13%reduction in mass(relative to a normoxic control).The same condition had no effect during day 27;instead,a nearly anoxic event(1%O_(2) for 72 h)caused a 5%mass *** embryos survived the egg incubation *** study supports the assumption that reptilian embryos are resilient to intermittently low O_(2) in subterranean *** work is needed to ascertain responses to suboptimal O_(2) levels while undergoing dynamic changes in developmental physiology.

关键词： embryo metabolism embryo respiration growth rate nest environment oxygen consumption rate

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cOVID19: Forecasting Air Quality Index and Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

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computers, Materials & continua 2021年第6期67卷 3363-3380页

作者： R.Mangayarkarasi c.Vanmathi Mohammad Zubair Khan Abdulfattah Noorwali Rachit Jain Priyansh Agarwal School of Information Technology and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632007India Department of computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah University41477Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Umm Al Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia School of computer Science and Engineering and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632007India

Urbanization affects the quality of the air,which has drastically degraded in the past *** quality level is determined by measures of several air pollutant *** create awareness among people,an automation system that forecasts the quality is *** cOVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions it has imposed on anthropogenic activities have resulted in a drop in air pollution in various cities in *** overall air quality index(AQI)at any particular time is given as the maximum band for any ***2.5 is a fine particulate matter of a size less than 2.5 micrometers,the inhalation of which causes adverse effects in people suffering from acute respiratory syndrome and other cardiovascular ***2.5 is a crucial factor in deciding the overall *** proposed forecasting model is designed to predict the annual PM2.5 and *** forecasting models are designed using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Facebook’s Prophet Library through optimal hyperparameters for better *** AQI category classification model is also presented using classical machine learning *** experimental results confirm the substantial improvement in air quality and greater reduction in PM2.5 due to the lockdown imposed during the cOVID-19 crisis.

关键词： AQI PM2.5 cOVID19 air quality in India AQI-forecasting

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Mobilization of Inorganic Phosphorus from Soils by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

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Pedosphere 2014年第5期24卷 683-689页

作者： ZHANG Liang WANG Ming-Xia LI Hua YUAN Ling HUANG Jian-Guo c.PENFOLD college of Resources and Environment Southwest University School of Biotechnology and chemical Engineering Taizhou College Nanjing Normal University School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide

Ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungi could form symbiosis with plant roots and participate in nutrient absorption; however, many EM species commonly found in forest soils, where phosphorus(P) concentration and availability are usually very low, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, have not yet been investigated for their efficiencies to mobilize soil P. In this study, fungal growth, P absorption,efflux of protons and organic acids, and soil P depletion by four isolates of EM fungi isolated either from acidic or calcareous soils were compared in pure liquid culture using soil as a sole P source. Boletus sp. 7(Bo 7), Lactarius deliciosus 3(Ld 3), and Pisolithus tinctorius 715(Pt 715) from acidic and P-deficient soils of southwestern china showed higher biomass and P concentration and accumulation than cenococcum geophilum 4(cg 4) from a calcareous soil of Inner Mongolia, northern china, after 4 weeks of liquid culture. Oxalate, malate, succinate, acetate, and citrate concentrations in the culture solutions varied significantly with fungal species,and oxalate accounted for 51.5%–91.4% of the total organic acids. Organic acids, particularly oxalate, in the culture solutions may lead to the solubilization of iron-bound P(Fe-P), aluminum-bound P(Al-P), and occluded P(O-P) from soil phosphates. Fungal species also varied greatly in proton efflux, which decreased the culture solution pH and may dissolve calcium-bound P(ca-P) in *** could be the reason for the increment of both inorganic P in the culture solutions and Olsen P in the soil when EM fungi were present. Total inorganic P, the sum of Al-P, Fe-P, O-P, and ca-P, in the culture solutions was positively correlated with the total concentration of organic acids in the culture solutions(r = 0.918*, n = 5), but negatively with both the total inorganic P in soil(r =-0.970**, n = 5) and the culture solution pH(r =-0.830*, n = 5). These suggested variable efficiencies of EM fungal species to mobilize inorganic P fracti

关键词： EM fungal species inorganic P organic acid P availability proton soil phosphate

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Perturbation solutions of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics for longitudinally expanding fireballs

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chinese Physics c 2020年第8期44卷 164-171页

作者： Ze-Fang Jiang Duan She c.B.Yang Defu Hou Department of Physics and Electronic-Information Engineering Hubei Engineering UniversityXiaogan 432000China Institute of Particle Physics&Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics MOECentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Physics Department and center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University2401 N Milo B.Sampson LaneBloomingtonIN 47408USA

The solutions of the relativistic viscous hydrodynamics for longitudinally expanding fireballs are investig-ated with the Navier-Stokes theory and Israel-Stewart *** energy and the Euler conservation equations for the viscous fluid are derived in Rindler coordinates,by assuming that the longitudinal expansion effect is *** the perturbation assumption,an analytical perturbation solution for the Navier-Stokes approximation and numerical solutions for the Israel-Stewart approximation are *** temperature evolution with both shear viscous ef-fect and longitudinal acceleration effect in the longitudinal expanding framework are *** specific temper-ature profile shows symmetric Gaussian shape in the Rindler ***,we compare the results from the Israel-Stewart approximation with the results from the Bjorken and the Navier-Stokes approximations,in the pres-ence of the longitudinal acceleration expansion *** found that the Israel-Stewart approximation gives a good description of the early stage evolutions than the Navier-Stokes theory.

关键词： heavy ion collision longitudinal expanding fireball viscous hydrodynamics Rindler coordinate

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conservation of natural enemy fauna in citrus canopies by horticultural mineral oil： comparison with effects of carbaryl and methidathion treatments for control of armored scales

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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 414-426页

作者： Weiguang Liang Alan Meats G. Andrew c. Beattie Robert Spooner-Hartt Laura Jiang centre for Plant and Food Sciences University of Western Sydney School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Austrafia

The disruptive effects of an nc24 horticultural mineral oil （HMO） and two other insecticides （carbaryl and methidathion） on two armored scale insects and natural enemy fauna were evaluated in two citrus orchards. In the first orchard, all three spray treatments and non-sprayed controls were distributed separately among individual trees in one block, whereas in the second orchard the control, HMO and methidathion treatments were applied at the level of whole blocks. The results in both orchards were similar. All three of the spray treatments had a lethal effect on the red scale insects and the effects of HMO and methidathion tested at the second site lasted for at least 19 weeks and for purple scale, at least 50 weeks. HMO did not have a significant effect on the abundance and species diversity of parasitoids and （for the most part） did not affect coccinellids and predatory mites. Both carbaryl and methidathion caused significant ongoing disruption to the above groups. No treatment resulted in the resurgence of the scale insects or the outbreak ofphytophagous mites, even where whole blocks were sprayed.

关键词： conservation HMO replacement resurgence water saving

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