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comparison of carbon-stock changes, eddycovariance carbon fluxes and model estimates in coastal Douglas-fir stands in British columbia

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 104-122页

作者： colin J Ferster JA (Tony) Trofymow Nicholas c coops Baozhang chen Thomas andrew Black Department of Forest Resources Management University of British Columbia canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry centre) Natural Resources Canada Department of Biology University of Victoria Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia

Background： The global network of eddy-covariance （Ec） flux-towers has improved the understanding of the terrestrial carbon （c） cycle, however, the network has a relatively limited spatial extent compared to forest inventory data and plots. Developing methods to use inventory-based and Ec flux measurements together with modeling approaches is necessary evaluate forest c dynamics across broad spatial extents. Methods： changes in c stock change （Ac） were computed based on repeated measurements of forest inventory plots and compared with separate measurements of cumulative net ecosystem productivity （~NEP） over four years （2003 - 2006） for Douglas-fir （Pseudotsuga menzies# var menziesil} dominated regeneration （HDF00）, juvenile （HDF88 and HDF90） and near-rotation （DF49） aged stands （6, 18, 20, 57 years old in 2006, respectively） in coastal British columbia. Ac was determined from forest inventory plot data alone, and in a hybrid approach using inventory data along with litter fall data and published decay equations to determine the change in detrital pools. These Ac-based estimates were then compared with Y_NEP measured at an eddy-covariance flux-tower （Ec-flux） and modelled by the carbon Budget Model - canadian Forest Sector （cBM-cFS3） using historic forest inventory and forest disturbance data. Footprint analysis was used with remote sensing, soils and topography data to evaluate how well the inventory plots represented the range of stand conditions within the area of the flux-tower footprint and to spatially scale the plot data to the area of the Ec-flux and model based estimates, Results： The closest convergence among methods was for the juvenile stands while the largest divergences were for the regenerating clearcut, followed by the near-rotation stand. At the regenerating clearcut, footprint weighting of cBM-cFS3 TNEP increased convergence with Ec flux Z_NEP, but not for Ac. While spatial scaling and footprint weighting did not increase convergence for Ac, they d

关键词： Forest carbon Micrometeorology Blometry Remote sensing Geographic information systems

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campaign-style U-Pb titanite petrochronology:Along-strike variations in timing of metamorphism in the Himalayan metamorphic core

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 827-847页

作者： catherine M.Mottram John M.cottle andrew R.c.Kylander-clark School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara

Present-day along-strike heterogeneities within the Himalayan orogen are seen at many scales, from variations within the deep architecture of the lithospheric mantle, to differences in geomorphologic surface processes. Here, we present an internally consistent petrochronologic dataset from the Himalayan metamorphic core(HMc), in order to document and investigate the causes of along-strike variations in its Oligocene-Miocene tectonic history. Laser ablation split-stream analysis was used to date and characterise the geochemistry of titanite from 47 calc-silicate rocks across >2000 km along the *** combined U-Pb-REE-Zr single mineral dataset circumvents uncertainties associated with interpretations based on data compilations from different studies, mineral systems and laboratories, and allows for direct along-strike comparisons in the timing of metamorphic processes. Titanite dates range from ～30 Ma to 12 Ma, recording(re-)crystallization between 625 ℃ and 815 ℃. Titanite T-t data overlap with previously published P-T-t paths from interleaved peltic rocks, demonstrating the usefulness of titanite petrochronology for recording the metamorphic history in lithologies not traditionally used for thermobarometry. Overall, the data indicate a broad eastward-younging trend along the *** in the duration and timing of metamorphism within the HMc are best explained by alongstrike variations in the position of ramps on the basal detachment controlling a two-stage process of preferential ductile accretion at depth followed by the formation of later upper-crust brittle *** processes, coupled with variable erosion, resulted in the asymmetric exhumation of a younger,thicker crystalline core in the eastern Himalaya.

关键词： Himalaya Petrochronology Titanite Metamorphic petrology

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Microbiome and colorectal carcinogenesis:Linked mechanisms and racial differences

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第2期14卷 375-395页

作者： Sofia c Tortora Vimal M Bodiwala andrew Quinn Laura A Martello Shivakumar Vignesh Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNY 11203United States

Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome,environmental factors,and genetic changes in colorectal cancer(cRc)*** this review,we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota associated with cRc and colorectal adenomas,and their proposed molecular mechanisms in relation to the processes of“the hallmarks of cancer”,and differences in microbial diversity and abundance between race/*** with cRc showed increased levels of Bacteroides,Prevotella,Escherichia coli,enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,Streptococcus gallolyticus,Enterococcus faecalis,Fusobacterium nucleatum(***)and clostridium *** levels of Bacteroides have been found in African American(AA)compared to caucasian American(cA)***-inflammatory bacteria such as *** and Enterobacter species were significantly higher in ***,AA patients have been shown to have decreased microbial diversity compared to cA *** studies have shown that using microbiome profiles in conjunction with certain risk factors such as age,race and body mass index may help predict healthy colon vs one with adenomas or *** is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is more prevalent in Non-Hispanic-Blacks as compared to Non-Hispanic *** condition causes increased systemic inflammation,immune dysregulation,gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereby possibly influencing colorectal ***-associated bacteria such as Fusobacterium,Prevotella,Bacteroides and Porphyromonas have been found in cRc tissues and in feces of cRc ***,a deeper understanding of the association between oral and gastrointestinal bacterial profile,in addition to identifying prevalent bacteria in patients with cRc and the differences observed in ethnicity/race,may play a pivotal role in predicting incidence,prognosis,and lead to the development of new treatments.

关键词： colorectal cancer Oral microbiome Gut microbiome Hallmarks of cancer Racial/ethnic microbial diversity

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Total dysphagia after short course of systemic corticotherapy:Herpes simplex virus esophagitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第31期19卷 5178-5181页

作者： Isa Jetté-cté Denise Ouellette claire Béliveau andrew Mitchell Division of Thoracic Surgery Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital University of MontrealMontreal H3L 2H8 Canada Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital University of MontrealMontreal H3L 2H8 Canada Department of Pathology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital University of Montreal Montreal H3L 2H8 Canada

A 72 year-old female developed a herpetic esophagitis after 3 d of oral corticotherapy for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,presenting as odynophagia and total *** were taken during a first esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) and the patient was referred to the thoracic surgery service with a presumptive diagnosis of esophageal cancer.A second EGD was planned for dilatation,but by that time the stenosis was completely *** biopsies taken during the first EGD revealed multiple herpetic viral inclusions and ulcerations without any dysplasia or *** front of a severe esophageal stenosis,one must still exclude the usual differential diagnosis peptic stenosis and *** of endoscopic lesions can suggest the diagnosis but must be promptly confirmed by biopsy,viral culture or polymerase chain *** immune systemic effects of corticotherapy are well known and herpetic esophagitis occurs most frequently in immunocompromised individuals,this case emphasizes the importance of clinical awareness concerning short courses of corticotherapy for immunocompetent *** article discusses the reactivation process of herpetic infection in this context and addresses its diagnostic and therapeutic issues.

关键词： Herpes simplex Esophagitis Dysphagia corticosteroids Immunocompetence

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美国高温气冷堆现状

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Engineering 2016年第1期2卷 251-261页

作者： andrew c.Kadak Kadak Associates Inc.

2005年,美国国会通过了《2005年能源政策法案》,该法案授权在2021年之前建造和运行一个高温气冷堆(HTGR)。在美国国内专家对未来核技术发展方向进行了多年的研究后,该法案才得以通过。作为该法案的结果,美国国会设立了名为"下一代核电站... 详细信息

2005年,美国国会通过了《2005年能源政策法案》,该法案授权在2021年之前建造和运行一个高温气冷堆(HTGR)。在美国国内专家对未来核技术发展方向进行了多年的研究后,该法案才得以通过。作为该法案的结果,美国国会设立了名为"下一代核电站"的项目,这是一种为制氢提供工艺用热的HTGR。尽管HTGR被寄予了很高的期望,但其现状仅限于完成关于先进燃料、石墨和其他材料的研究计划,并不是如国会在2005年提出的建造一个示范电站。HTGR发展目标降低背后有许多原因,包括:用于研究的政府资金不足,对反应堆不切实际的高温要求,对"氢"经济需求的延迟,来自轻水冷却的小型模块反应堆的竞争,业主公司对新技术的兴趣较低,美国天然气价格过低,以及美国对非水冷反应堆许可证申请的具有挑战性的流程等。

关键词：高温气冷堆下一代核电站许可证申请 (美国) 核管理委员会《2005 年能源政策法案》研究现状

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Implementation of an analogue model of a memristor based on a light-dependent resistor

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chinese Physics B 2012年第10期21卷 500-507页

作者：王晓媛 andrew L.Fitch Herbert H.c.Iu Victor Sreeram 齐维贵 School of Electrical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology School of Electrical Electronicand Computer EngineeringThe University of Western Australia 35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

In this paper,an analogue model of a memristor using a light-dependent resistor(LDR) is *** model can be simplified into two parts:a control circuit and a variable *** can be used to easily verify theoretical presumptions about the switching properties of *** LDR-based memristor model can also be used in both simulations and experiments for future research into memristor *** paper includes mathematical models,simulations,and experimental results.

关键词： analogue model light-dependent resistor memristor simulator

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Invasion genetics： Lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domesticus

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current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 465-476页

作者： Andrea L. LIEBL Aaron W. ScHREY Samuel c. andrew Elizabeth L.SHELDON Simon c. GRIFFITH University of Exeter ComwaU Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Department of Biology Armstrong State University Savannah GA31419 USA Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Following an introduction, non-native species are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native species expand beyond the site of introduction, they must constantly adapt to novel environ- ments. Although introduced species are present across most ecosystems, few species have successfully established themselves on a truly global scale. One such species, the house sparrow Passer domesticus, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate species and has been introduced to a great part of its current range. To date, work on four continents suggests both ge- netic and phenotypic variation exists between native and introduced ranges. As such, house sparrows represent an excellent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- cies and the multiple independent introductions to geographically isolated sites allow researchers to ask questions regarding ge- netic variation and adaptation on a global scale. Here, we summarize the molecular studies of invasive house sparrows from the earliest work using allozymes through more recent work on epigenetics; using these studies, we discuss patterns of dispersal of this species. We then discuss future directions in techniques （e.g. next generation sequencing） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we discuss how continued research on the house sparrow in light of these genetic changes and adaptations will elucidate answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- lience in vertebrate systems generally

关键词： House sparrow Invasive Passer domesticus

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conservation of natural enemy fauna in citrus canopies by horticultural mineral oil： comparison with effects of carbaryl and methidathion treatments for control of armored scales

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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 414-426页

作者： Weiguang Liang Alan Meats G. andrew c. Beattie Robert Spooner-Hartt Laura Jiang centre for Plant and Food Sciences University of Western Sydney School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Austrafia

The disruptive effects of an nc24 horticultural mineral oil （HMO） and two other insecticides （carbaryl and methidathion） on two armored scale insects and natural enemy fauna were evaluated in two citrus orchards. In the first orchard, all three spray treatments and non-sprayed controls were distributed separately among individual trees in one block, whereas in the second orchard the control, HMO and methidathion treatments were applied at the level of whole blocks. The results in both orchards were similar. All three of the spray treatments had a lethal effect on the red scale insects and the effects of HMO and methidathion tested at the second site lasted for at least 19 weeks and for purple scale, at least 50 weeks. HMO did not have a significant effect on the abundance and species diversity of parasitoids and （for the most part） did not affect coccinellids and predatory mites. Both carbaryl and methidathion caused significant ongoing disruption to the above groups. No treatment resulted in the resurgence of the scale insects or the outbreak ofphytophagous mites, even where whole blocks were sprayed.

关键词： conservation HMO replacement resurgence water saving

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A new institution devoted to insect science： The Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 426-428页

作者： Akito Y. Kawahara Thomas c. Emmel Jacqueline Miller andrew D. Warren McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research on butterflies and moths, and an important research facility for insect science. The facility was constructed by combining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn Museum of Entomology, the Florida State collection of Arthropods and other University of Florida collections, and now includes over ten million specimens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera research collections globally. The facility includes a team of domestic and international researchers studying many areas of lepidopterology, including behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, genomics, physiology, systematics and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduce the McGuire center, its staff, and the many research activities for researchers across entomological disciplines.

关键词： Florida Museum of Natural History Lepidoptera lepidopterology McGuirecenter moth new research facility

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characterizing Uncertainty in city-Wide Disaster Recovery through Geospatial Multi-Lifeline Restoration Modeling of Earthquake Impact in the District of North Vancouver

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第6期11卷 807-820页

作者： andrew Deelstra David Bristow Department of civil Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8P 5C2Canada

Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a *** cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more *** to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of ***,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this *** approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 *** model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport *** model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency *** of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road *** this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.

关键词： city-wide earthquake recovery Disaster loss and impact assessment Multi-infrastructure restoration Risk modeling and simulation Vulnerability and resilience analysis

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