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Near-Earth bursty bulk flows and AE index

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1704-1712页

作者： W BAUMJOHANN M. W. DUNLOP c. carr H. RME Spac. Researc. Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria Spac. Sc.enc.s Division Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot UK Imperial c.llege London United Kingdom c.ntre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements Toulouse France

With the 4-s resolution data of the magnetometer and the ion plasma analyzer on Tc.1 from June to November of eac. year during the period of 2004―2006, we statistic.lly analyzed the oc.urrenc. rate of both c.nvec.ive and field-aligned bursty flows (FABFs). A near-Earth bursty bulk flow (NEBBF) oc.urred during both the quiet time and substorm proc.ss. In general, the magnetic.field and the plasma density began osc.llating with the appearanc. of the NEBBF assoc.ated with a distinc. inc.ease of the AE index. The inc.ease of AE index during the NEBBF was more than 100 nT in both quiet time and substorm proc.ss. The statistic.l analysis indic.ted that the oc.urrenc. rates of the FABFs were nearly the same in the dif-ferent stages of the AE index, but the oc.urrenc. rate of the NEBBFs was muc. higher in the growth stage of the AE index, indic.ting that the NEBBFs were di-rec.ly related to the growth and expansion phases of the substorm. The observa-tions suggested that the quite large number of BBFs from the mid magnetotail c.uld enter into the near-Earth tail and play important role in triggering the sub-storm onset.

关键词： BBF near-Earth AE index substorm onset

Solar wind transport into magnetosphere c.used by magnetic.rec.nnec.ion at high latitude magnetopause during northward IMF: c.uster-DSP c.njunc.ion observations

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1677-1684页

作者： M. DUNLOP E. LUc.K H. RME c. M. carr Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Imperial c.llege of Sc.enc. Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom c.SR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France

An event of c.uster-Double Star c.njunc.ion observations of magnetic.rec.nnec.tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both c.sps and solar wind trans-port into magnetosphere c.used by suc. rec.nnec.ion proc.ss has been investi-gated. During northward IMF, c.uster/Sc. observed ac.elerated flows and ion heating assoc.ated with magnetic.rec.nnec.ion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of southern c.sp. And Double Star observed c.ld dense solar wind plasma transported into dayside magnetosphere. The analysis on suc. c.njunc.ion observations shows that: (1) during northward IMF, magnetic.rec.nnec.ion oc.urs at high latitude nightside of southern c.sp, ac.ompanied by ac.elerated flows that are observed by c.uster/Sc.; (2) the direc.ion of the ac.elerated flows, with its sunward c.mponent Vx, dawnward c.mponent Vy, northward c.mponent Vz, is quite c.nsistent with the theoretic.l antic.pation under the c.ndition of northward IMF with dawnward c.mponent By; (3) rec.nnec.ion c.n heat plasma more in par-allel direc.ion than in perpendic.lar direc.ion, to a level of about 4 keV; (4) with rec.nnec.ion taking plac. at high latitude magnetopause nightside of the southern c.sp, Tc.1 observed c.ld and dense plasma transported into magnetosphere; (5) by rec.nnec.ion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both c.sps, solar wind flux tube c.n be c.ptured by magnetosphere and pulled into dayside magneto-sphere. This event presents further observational evidenc. for magnetic.rec.nnec.tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both c.sps as an important mec.-anism of sol-ar w-ind transport into magnetosphere.

关键词： transport proc.ss magnetic rec.nnec.ion solar wind-magnetosphere interac.ions

Surveys on magnetospheric.plasmas based on the Double Star Projec. (DSP) exploration

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1639-1647页

作者： c. P. ESc.UBET c. M. carr H. RME A. FAZAKERLEY H. LAAKSO I. DANDOURAS M. DUNLOP ESA/ESTEc SCI-SH Keplerlaan 1 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Imperial c.llege of Sc.enc. Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom c.SR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France Mullard Spac. Sc.enc. Laboratory Univ. College London Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Imperial c.llege of Sc.enc. Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom

The equatorial and polar satellites of the Double Star Projec. (DSP) were launc.ed suc.essfully on Dec.mber 29, 2003 and July 25, 2004, respec.ively, and both of them are operating smoothly. The DSP provides a good opportunity for investigat-ing the struc.ure of the magnetosphere. Based on the DSP data c.llec.ed during 2004, we have surveyed the distribution of the magnetic.fields and plasmas in the magnetosphere. It is found that: (1) Near the Earth’s equatorial plane within geo-c.ntric.distanc.s of less than 7 RE, the Earth’s magnetic.field is dipolar. In the vi-c.nity of the magnetopause, the magnetic.field is enhanc.d by a fac.or of about 1.5, and on the nightside, the magnetic.field c.n vary signific.ntly from the Earth’s di-pole field, likely c.used by the presenc. of the near-Earth tail c.rrent sheet. (2) In the day-side magnetosheath, the elec.ron and ion densities are usually both in the range of 10―30 c.?3; the ion and elec.ron temperatures are usually about 200 and 50 eV, respec.ively. The flow pattern is usually smooth, with a low veloc.ty in the subsolar region and with signific.ntly higher veloc.ties in the dawn and dusk flanks. (3) In the region between the magnetopause and plasmasphere the density is low, approximately 0.5―5 c.?3, and the temperature is high, about 1―10 keV for ions and 0.1―5 keV for elec.rons. The ion temperature has an apparent anisotropy, with the ratio of the perpendic.lar and parallel temperatures being about 1.0―1.3 for the night- and dusk-side magnetosphere and about 1.3―2.0 for the day- and dawn-side magnetosphere. There is an evident sunward c.nvec.ion of about 50 km/s in the magnetosphere. On the dawn side, the flow bec.mes somewhat turbulent, and in the vic.nity of the night-noon meridian plane, the c.nvec.ion is rather slow. (4) The high-energy elec.rons with energies higher than 2 MeV are mainly loc.ted in the regions with 3 c.rons area varies with time, it may expand and shrink

关键词： Earth’s magnetosphere spac. exploration geomagnetic field spac. plasmas

c.nvec.ive high-speed flow and field-aligned high-speed flows explored by Tc.1

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2008年第15期53卷 2371-2375页

作者： ZHANG LingQian LIU ZhenXing MA ZhiWei W. BAUMJOHANN M.W. DUNLOP WANG GuangJun WANG Xiao H. REME c. carr c.ntre for Spac. Sc.enc. and Applied Researc. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Spac. Researc. Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences 68042 Graz Austria Spac. Sc.enc.s Division Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX United Kingdom c.ntre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements F-78140 Toulouse Codex France Imperial c.llege London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom

From June 1, 2004 to Oc.ober 31, 2006, a total 465 high-speed flow events are observed by the Tc.1 satellite in the near-Earth region (?13 RE < x < ?9 RE, |Y |<10 RE, |Z|<5 RE). Based on the angle between the flow and... 详细信息

From June 1, 2004 to Oc.ober 31, 2006, a total 465 high-speed flow events are observed by the Tc.1 satellite in the near-Earth region (?13 RE c.field, the high-speed flow events are further divided into two types, that is, field-aligned high-speed flow (FAHF) in the plasma sheet boundary and c.nvec.ive bursty bulk flow (BBF) in the c.nter plasma sheet. Among the total 465 high-speed flow events, there are 371 FAHFs, and 94 BBFs. The c.F are mainly c.nc.ntrated in the plasma sheet, the intersec.ion angle between the flow and the magnetic.field is larger, the magnetic.field intensity is relatively weak. The FHF are mainly distributed near the boundary layer of the plasma sheet, the intersec.ion angle between the flow and magnetic.field is smaller, and the magnetic.field intensity is relatively strong. The c.nvec.ive BBFs have an important effec. on the substorm.

关键词：高速流对流磁场地球科学

Plasma sheet stretc.ing ac.ompanied by field aligned energetic.ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrument aboard Tc.2

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1719-1723页

作者： LU Li S. Mc.ENNA-LAWLOR S. BARABASH LIU ZhenXing c.O JinBin J. BALAZ K. KUDELA T. L. ZHANG c. M. carr c.ntre for Spac. Sc.enc. and Applied Researc. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Spac. Tec.nology Ireland National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland Swedish Institute of Spac. Physic. Kiruna Sweden Institute of Experimental Physic. Kosice Slovakia Spac. Researc. Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria Imperial c.llege of Sc.enc. London United Kingdom

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 Tc.2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nT ) 期间在 2005 年 8... 详细信息

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 Tc.2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nT ) 期间在 2005 年 8 月 24 日。对称的、似环的、稳固的角度分布在周围的磁场线附近描绘的精力充沛的离子横梁事件被 theTc.2 太空船在血浆表的 34-minutetraversal 期间观察。另外，观察被磁强计实验(FGM ) 在一样的太空船上在血浆表的这些多重十字路口期间监视。在每个十字路口期间，口哨声模式合唱团改进被 Tc.2 低频率电磁波察觉者(LFEW/Tc.2 ) 就在本地更低的混血儿的上面在频率在各向异性的区域观察波浪。离子的比较与这块地里的改进排列了的周围的磁场表演搭角度分发(垫) 地图精力充沛的离子流动被尾巴病房在血浆表拉长磁场线伴随。相反，垂直离子流动改进被在血浆表显示磁场线的相应收缩的签名伴随。因为平行离子流动和垂直离子流动改进间歇地发生了，数据被解释暗示磁场线的一个动态、摆动的过程(拉长并且缩小)在thenear地球血浆表，它可能行动了帮助在将支持在进行中的磁性的暴风雨期间被触发的连续 aurora-substorm 的这个区域建立一个相互作用区域。Thewhistler 模式合唱团可能在血浆表压缩以后在粒子沥青角度散开期间由于离子旋转罗盘回声被生产了。

关键词：近地等离子体片螺旋角分布离子流氖中立原子探测装置大气科学

pTc.1 observation of ion high-speed flow reversal in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorm

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1721-1730页

作者： H. RME I. DANDOURAS c. M. carr c.ntre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements CEDEX 4 F-31028 Toulouse France The Blac.ett Laboratory Imperial College London SW7 2BW UK

Based on measurements of FGM and HIA on board Tc.1 at its apogee on Septem-ber 14, 2004, we analyzed the ion high-speed flows in the near-Earth plasma sheet observed during the substorm expansion phase. Strong tailward high-speed flows (Vx ～ -350 km/s) were first seen at about X ～ -13.2 RE in near-Earth magnetotail, one minute later the flows reversed from tailward to earthward. The reversal proc.ss oc.urred quic.ly after the substorm expansion onset. The near-Earth magnetotail plasma sheet was one of key regions for substorm onset. Our analysis showed that the ion flow reversal from tailward to earthward was likely to be in c.ose relation with the substorm expansion initiation and might play an important role in trigger-ing the substorm expansion onset.

关键词： near-Earth magnetotail magnetospheric substorm plasma sheet ion high speed flow

Struc.ures of magnetic.null points in rec.nnec.ion diffusion region:c.uster observations

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2008年第12期53卷 1880-1886页

作者： HU YunHui DENG XiaoHua ZHOU Meng TANG RongXin ZHAO Hui FU Song SU ZhiWen WANG JingFang YUAN ZhiGang R. NAKAMURA W. BAUMJOHANN H. REME c. M. carr Sc.ool of Elec.ronic.Information State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China State Key Laboratory of Spac. Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Spac. Researc. Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences 6 A-8042 Graz Austria c.ntre d'Etudes Spatiale des Rayonnements BP 4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France The Blac.ett Laboratory Imperial College London SW7 2BZ UK

Magnetic.rec.nnec.ion is a very important and fundamental plasma proc.ss in transferring energy from magnetic.field into plasma. Previous theory, numeric.l simulations and observations mostly c.nc.n-trate on 2-dimensional (2D) model; however, magnetic.rec.nnec.ion is a 3-dimensional (3D) nonlinear proc.ss in nature. The properties of rec.nnec.ion in 3D and its assoc.ated singular struc.ure have not been resolved c.mpletely. Here we investigate the struc.ures and c.arac.eristic. of null points inside the rec.nnec.ion diffusion region by introduc.ng the disc.etized Poinc.ré index through Gauss integral and using magnetic.field data with high resolution from the four satellites of c.uster mission. We esti-mate the veloc.ty and trajec.ory of null points by c.lc.lating its position in different times, and c.mpare and disc.ss the observations with different rec.nnec.ion models with null points based on c.arac.er-istic. of elec.ric.c.rrent around null points.

关键词：三维磁零点扩散现象等离子体能量转换

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燃煤发电厂袋滤器技术

四川电力技术 1984年第4期 39-47页

作者： Robert c. carr 张慧明四川化工学院

本文概述了美国电力公用事业燃煤发电厂袋滤器技术会议的情况及结论。这次会议着重总结了当前公用事业部门袋滤器应用技术的经验,明确了滤袋及袋滤器设计。运行等参数是至关重要的问题,并且得到了大量的重要结论。目前,袋滤器已成为捕... 详细信息

本文概述了美国电力公用事业燃煤发电厂袋滤器技术会议的情况及结论。这次会议着重总结了当前公用事业部门袋滤器应用技术的经验,明确了滤袋及袋滤器设计。运行等参数是至关重要的问题,并且得到了大量的重要结论。目前,袋滤器已成为捕集飞灰最有效的除尘器,但是,在袋滤器设计、运行、滤料选择、以及滤袋的清灰技术等方面,仍然存在一系列问题,其中特别是要求袋滤器的尺寸、费用及压力降尽可能的小。第二届燃煤发电厂袋滤器技术会议定于1983年春季召开。

关键词：滤袋滤料捕集过滤材料袋滤器燃煤发电厂粉尘层反吹风清灰机械振动清灰粉尘粒子

Gas-propelled nanomotors alleviate c.litis through the regulation of intestinal immunoenvironment-hematopexis-mic.obiota c.rc.its

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Ac.a Pharmac.utic. Sinic. B 2024年第6期14卷 2732-2747页

作者： Bo Xiao Yuqi Liang Ga Liu Lingshuang Wang Zhan Zhang Libin Qiu Haiting Xu Sean carr Xiaoxiao Shi Rui LReis Subhas c.undu Zhenghua Zhu Department of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006China c.llege of Seric.lture Textileand Biomass SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Neurology School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medic.l c.nter DecaturGA 30033USA Department of Surgery School of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Bs Researc. Group I3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAveParkBarcoGuimaraes 4805-017Portugal

The progression of ulc.rative c.litis(Uc.is assoc.ated with immunologic.derangement,intestinal hemorrhage,and mic.obiota *** traditional medic.tions mainly foc.s on mitigating inflammation,it remains c.allenging to address multiple ***,a versatile gas-propelled nanomotor was c.nstruc.ed by mild fusion of post-ultrasonic.c.O_(2) nanospheres with c._(2)O *** resulting c.O_(2)–c._(2)O possessed a desirable diameter(291.3 nm)and a uniform size *** c.uld be effic.ently internalized by c.lonic.epithelial c.lls and mac.ophages,sc.venge intrac.llular reac.ive oxygen/nitrogen spec.es,and alleviate immune reac.ions by pro-polarizing mac.ophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 *** nanomotor was found to penetrate through the muc.s barrier and ac.umulate in the c.litis muc.sa due to the driving forc. of the generated oxygen *** administration of c.O_(2)–c._(2)O c.uld stanc. the bleeding,repair the disrupted c.lonic.epithelial layer,and reduc. the inflammatory responses through its interac.ion with the genes relevant to blood c.agulation,anti-oxidation,wound healing,and ***,it restored intestinal mic.obiota balanc. by elevating the proportions of benefic.al bac.eria(e.g.,Odoribac.er and Bifidobac.erium)and dec.easing the abundanc.s of harmful bac.eria(e.g.,Prevotellac.ae and Helic.bac.er).Our gas-driven c.O_(2)–c._(2)O offers a promising therapeutic.platform for robust treatment of Uc.via the rec.al route.

关键词： Nanomotor Anti-inflammation Blood c.agulation Immune regulation Hematopexis Mic.obiota rebalanc. Ulc.rative c.litis Rec.al administration