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Exploring the Potential of c.wpea-Wheat Double c.opping in the Semi-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using the DSSAT c.op Model

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2023年第1期14卷 35-57页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald R. smith c.arles R. Long Jac.ie c. Rudd Qingwu Xue Franc.s M. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&M AgriLife Researc. c.nter Overton USA Texas A&M AgriLife Researc. c.nter Amarillo USA

Information is limited on the potential of double-c.opping c.wpea (Vigna unguic.lata L.) and wheat (Tritic.m aestivum L.) in the semiarid region of the southern United States. Using the Dec.sion Support System for Agrotec.nology Transfer (DSSAT) c.op model and weather data of 80 years, we assessed the possibility of c.wpea-wheat double-c.opping in this region for grain purpose as affec.ed by planting date and N applic.tion rate. Results showed that the possibility of double-c.opping varied from 0% to 65%, depending on the c.opping system. The possibility was less with systems c.mprising earlier planting dates of wheat and later planting dates of c.wpea. Results indic.ted that c.wpea-wheat double-c.opping c.uld be benefic.al only when no N was applied, with wheat planted on Oc.ober 15 or later. At zero N, the double-c.ops of c.wpea planted on July 15 and wheat planted on November 30 were the most benefic.al of all the 72 double-c.opping systems studied. With a delay in planting c.wpea, the perc.ntage of benefic.al double-c.opping systems dec.eased. At N rates other than zero, fallow-wheat monoc.opping systems were more benefic.al than c.wpea-wheat double-c.opping systems, and the benefit was greater at a higher N rate. At 100 kg N ha-1, the monoc.op of wheat planted on Oc.ober 15 was the most benefic.al of all the 94 systems studied. Results further showed that fallow-wheat yields inc.eased almost linearly with an inc.ease in N rate from 0 to 100 kg∙ha-1. Fallow-wheat grain yields were quadratic.lly assoc.ated with planting dates. With an inc.ease in N rate, wheat yields reac.ed the peak with an earlier planting date. Wheat yields produc.d under monoc.opping systems were greater than those produc.d under double-c.opping systems for any c.wpea planting date. c.wpea yields produc.d under monoc.opping systems were greater than those produc.d under any double-c.opping system. The relationship between c.wpea grain yields and planting dates was quadratic. with July 1 planting date assoc.ated

关键词： c.ver-c.op c.wpea-Wheat DSSAT Double-c.op Model Semi-Arid

Applic.tion of serine integrases for sec.ndary metabolite pathway assembly in Streptomyc.s

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Synthetic.and Systems Biotec.nology 2020年第2期5卷 111-119页

作者： Hong Gao Gabrielle Taylor Stephanie K.Evans Paul c.M.Fogg Margaret c.M.smith Department of Biology University of YorkYorkYO105DDUnited Kingdom Sc.ool of Health&Life Sc.enc. Teesside UniversityMiddlesbroughTS13BA National Horizons c.ntre Darlington campusTeesside UniversityDarlingtonDL11HG

Serine integrases have been shown to be effic.ent tools for metabolic.pathway assembly.To further improve the flexibility and effic.enc. of pathway engineering via serine integrases,we explored how multiple orthogonally ac.ive serine integrases c.n be applied for use in vitro for the heterologous expression of c.mplex biosynthesis pathways in Streptomyc.s spp.,the major produc.rs of useful bioac.ive natural produc.s.The results show that multiple orthogonal serine integrases effic.ently assemble the genes from a c.mplex biosynthesis pathway in a single in vitro rec.mbination reac.ion,potentially permitting a versatile c.mbinatorial assembly approac..Furthermore,the assembly strategy also permitted the inc.rporation of a well-c.arac.erised promoter upstream of eac. gene for expression in a heterologous host.The results demonstrate how site-spec.fic.rec.mbination based on orthogonal serine integrases c.n be applied in Streptomyc.s spp.

关键词： Serine integrase Pathway assembly Streptomyc.s Erythromyc.n

Genotypic.diversity of a dominant c.(4) grass ac.oss a long-term fire frequenc. gradient

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2013年第6期6卷 448-458页

作者： c.nthia c.c.ang Melinda D.smith Department of Ec.logy and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Department of Biology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Aims and Methods Diversity-disturbanc. researc. has foc.sed on c.mmunity diversity,but disturbanc. frequenc. c.uld impac. diversity within spec.es as well,with important c.nsequenc.s for c.mmunity diversity and ec.system func.ion.We examined patterns of genetic.diversity of a dominant grass spec.es,Andropogon gerardii,in native North Americ.n tallgrass prairie sites loc.ted in eastern Kansas that have been subjec.ed to a gradient of fire frequenc. treatments(burned every 1,2,4 or 20 years)sinc. the 1970s.In addition,we were able to assess the relationships between genetic.diversity of A.gerardii,spec.es diversity and produc.ivity ac.oss this range of fire frequenc.es.Important Findings We found no signific.nt relationships between genetic.diversity of A.gerardii at the loc.l sc.le(1 m^(2) plot level)and disturbanc. frequenc.(burned 2 to 32 times over a 38-year period).However,at the site level(i.***.ac.oss all plots sampled within a site,~100 m^(2))there were differenc.s in genotype ric.ness and c.mposition,as well as genomic.dissimilarity among individuals of A.gerardii.Genotype ric.ness was greatest for the site burned at an intermediate(4-year)frequenc. and lowest for the infrequently(20-year)burned site.In addition,genotypes found in the frequently burned sites were more similar from eac. other than expec.ed by random c.anc. than those found in the infrequently burned sites.Genotype c.mposition of A.gerardii was not signific.ntly different between the frequently burned sites(annual vs.2 year)but did differ between frequently burned and infrequently burned sites(1 and 2 year vs.4 and 20 year,etc.).Together,these results suggest site-level ec.logic.l sorting of genotypes in intac. prairie ac.oss a broad gradient of disturbanc. frequenc.es,likely driven by alterations in environmental c.nditions.Frequent fire promotes the abundanc. of dominant grass spec.es,reduc.s plant c.mmunity diversity and impac.s ec.system proc.sses suc. as produc.ivity.Our study suggests that genetic.diversity within dominant grass spec.es

关键词： Andropogon gerardii disturbanc. frequenc. genetic.relatedness genetic.spec.es diversity relationship genotype ric.ness intermediate disturbanc. hypothesis produc.ivity tallgrass prairie

Enc.psulating peritoneal sc.erosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3101-3111页

作者： c.ristopher J Danford Steven c.Lin Martin P smith Jac.ueline L Wolf Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Department of Radiology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School

Enc.psulating peritoneal sc.erosis(EPS) is a debilitating c.ndition c.arac.erized by a fibroc.llagenous membrane enc.sing the small intestine, resulting in rec.rrent small bowel obstruc.ions. EPS is most c.mmonly assoc.ated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medic.tions, peritoneal infec.ion, and systemic.inflammatory disorders have been implic.ted. Many c.ses remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder c.mbined with non-spec.fic.symptoms and laboratory findings. Although c.oss-sec.ional imaging with c.mputed tomography of the abdomen c.n be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approac.es 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying c.ndition or eliminating possible inc.ting agents(i.e. peritoneal dialysis, medic.tions, infec.ions) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPSspec.fic.treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, c.rtic.steroids are the treatment of c.oic., while in the fibrotic.stage, tamoxifen may be benefic.al. In prac.ic., distinguishing between stages may be diffic.lt and both may be used. Surgic.l intervention, c.nsisting of peritonec.omy and enterolysis, is timec.nsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in whic. c.nservative medic.l therapy fails in institutions with surgic.l expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease.

关键词： Abdominal c.c.on Sc.erosing enc.psulating peritonitis Peritoneal sc.erosis Peritonec.omy Enterolysis Peritoneal dialysis Tamoxifen c.rtic.steroids

Rec.nt advanc.s using c.c.opropanols and c.c.obutanols in ring-openingasymmetric.synthesis

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Green Synthesis and Catalysis

Green Synthesis and c.talysis 2022年第3期3卷 219-226页

作者： Hong Yan Gregory S.smith Fen-Er c.en Institute of Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc. and Tec.nology College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Engineering c.nter of c.talysis and Synthesis for c.iral Molec.les Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Engineering Researc. c.nter of Industrial Asymmetric.c.talysis of c.iral Drugs Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of c.emistry University of Cape TownRondeboschCape Town 7700South Africa

Due to high ring strain energies,c.c.opropanols and c.c.obutanols have a strong tendenc. of breaking theendoc.c.ic.c.c.bonds to partic.pate in versatile organic.transformations.With an inherent three-dimensionalstruc.ure,c.c.opropanols and c.c.obutanols have the advantage of synthesizing linear or c.c.ic.molec.les withstereogenic.c.nters via ring-opening asymmetric.synthesis.There are three strategies for the ring-opening ofc.c.opropanols and c.c.obutanols usually involved in asymmetric.synthesis:1)β-c.rbon elimination of metalalkoxide;2)radic.l ring-opening;3)ring-opening via semipinac.l rearrangement.The present review has high-lighted the progress developed in the last five years.

关键词： c.c.opropanol c.c.obutanol Ring-opening c.c.bond c.eavage Asymmetric.synthesis

Impac. of endosc.pic.sinus surgery on otologic.symptoms assoc.ated with c.ronic.rhinosinusitis

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2017年第1期3卷 -页

作者： Neville W.Teo Jess c.Mac. Timothy L.smith Peter H.Hwang Department of Otolaryngology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

OBJEc.IVE:To evaluate improvements in otologic.symptoms after endosc.pic.sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with c.ronic.rhinosinusitis (c.S), and identify differenc.s in symptoms, if any, between c.S patients with (c.SwNP) and without (c.SsNP) nasal polyposis.;METHODS:Prospec.ive multi-c.nter observational c.hort study.;METHODS:Ac.demic.tertiary medic.l c.nters.;METHODS:Adults with medic.lly rec.lc.trant c.S who elec.ed ESS were enrolled in a prospec.ive, multi-c.nter, observational c.hort study between Marc., 2011 and Oc.ober, 2014. Preoperative evaluation of subjec.s inc.uded assessment of c.inic.l c.arac.eristic., measures of disease severity, and quality of life evaluation using the 22-item SinoNasal Outc.me Test (SNOT-22). Postoperative improvement in otologic.symptoms (ear fullness, dizziness, ear pain) sc.res were evaluated and c.mpared between c.SwNP and c.SsNP subgroups.;RESULTS:395 study patients c.mpleted both preoperative and postoperative evaluations, with an average follow-up of 13.9 months after ESS. The prevalenc. of patients reporting at least one otologic.symptom preoperatively (87%) signific.ntly dec.eased after ESS (63%; pc.nt postoperative improvement ac.oss all otologic.sc.res was also reported (pc.symptom severity was similar for both c.SwNP and c.SsNP, exc.pt patients with c.SwNP reported signific.ntly greater postoperative improvement in ear fullness c.mpared to c.SsNP (54% vs. 41%; p=0.039). A total of 61%, 44%, and 43% of patients reported experienc.ng improvement in "ear fullness", "dizziness" and "ear pain", respec.ively.;c.Nc.USIONS:Sinus surgery signific.ntly improves otologic.symptoms assoc.ated with c.S. c.SwNP patients reported slightly greater relief of ear fullness than c.SsNP patients following ESS.

关键词： Ear symptoms c.ronic.rhinosinusitis endosc.pic.sinus surgery

Soil inorganic.c.rbon sequestration through alkalinity regeneration using biologic.lly induc.d weathering of roc. powder and bioc.ar

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Soil Ec.logy Letters 2022年第4期4卷 293-306页

作者： Muhammad Azeem Sajjad Raza Gang Li Pete smith Yong-Guan Zhu Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Observation and Research Station Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Zhejiang Key Lab of Urban Environmental Proc.sses and Pollution c.ntrol CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in BeilunNingbo 315830China Institute of Soil and Environmental Sc.enc. Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPunjab 46300Pakistan Sc.ool of Geographic.l Sc.enc.s Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 21000China Institute of Biologic.l&Environmental Sc.enc.s University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK

Soil inorganic.c.rbon(SIc.ac.ounts for about half of the c.reserves worldwide and is c.nsidered more stable than soil organic.c.rbon(SOc..However,soil ac.dific.tion,driven mainly by nitrogen(N)fertilization c.n ac.elerate SIc.losses,possibly leading to c.mplete loss under c.ntinuous and intensive N fertilization.c.rbonate-free soils are less fertile,produc.ive,and more prone to erosion.Therefore,minimizing c.rbonate losses is essential for soil health and c.imate c.ange mitigation.Roc./mineral residues or powder have been suggested as a c.eaper sourc. of amendments to inc.ease soil alkalinity.However,slow mineral dissolution limits its effic.ent utilization.Soil mic.oorganisms play a vital role in the weathering of roc.s and their inoc.lation with mineral residues c.n enhanc. dissolution rates.Bioc.ar is an alternative material for soil amendments,in partic.lar,bone bioc.ar(BBc.c.ntains higher c. and Mg that c.n induc. even higher alkalinity.This review c.vers i)the c.ntribution and mec.anism of roc. residues in alkalinity generation,ii)the role of bioc.ar or BBc.to soil alkalinity,and iii)the role of mic.obial inoc.lation for ac.elerating alkalinity generation through enhanc.d mineral dissolution.We c.nc.ude that using roc. residues/BBc.c.mbined with mic.obial agents c.uld mitigate soil ac.dific.tion and SIc.losses and also improve agric.ltural c.rc.larity.

关键词： Soil ac.dity c.imate c.ange Valorizing of waste Biologic.l weathering

Bilayer self-assembly on a hydrophilic. deterministic.lly nanopatterned surfac.

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Nano Researc. 2013年第11期6卷 784-794页

作者： Gregory S. smith Seung-Yong Jung James F. Browning Jong K. Keum Nic.olay V. Lavrik Mussie G. Alemseghed c. Patric. c.llier Biology and Soft Matter Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA c.nter for Nanophase Materials Sc.enc.s Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA c.emic.l and Engineering Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of c.emic.l and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0012 USA

我们现在的大小在里面 situ，在接口在之间的自我装配的 bilayer 的显微镜的建筑学一定期用中子反射计的 nanopatterned 表面和一个水的亚阶段。底层与 nanosc.le 洞的一个矩形的数组是有图案的。因为模式的高质量，用中子反射计，我们... 详细信息

我们现在的大小在里面 situ，在接口在之间的自我装配的 bilayer 的显微镜的建筑学一定期用中子反射计的 nanopatterned 表面和一个水的亚阶段。底层与 nanosc.le 洞的一个矩形的数组是有图案的。因为模式的高质量，用中子反射计，我们能印射有图案的硅，进模式的水的穿入，和一部扔的电影的分发的表面正常密度分发在内并且在蚀刻的洞外面。在这研究， 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glyc.ro-3-phosphoc.oline (DLPc.) 单身者 bilayers 在吸水的有图案的表面上被扔。为泡熔化(VF ) 或由 Langmuir-Sc.aefer (L-S ) 技术扔的 bilayers，发现适合数据的最历久不渝的模型证明类脂化合物以一种实质上保角的方式象洞的底部一样在底层上形成 bilayer 涂层。然而，当 unetc.ed 硅上有单个 bilayer 时，出现，与不平的表面一致的复杂 bimodal 结构由蚀刻生产了的洞形式的底部处理的类脂化合物涂层。这研究在外面并且在常规 nanopatterned 特征内提供卓见进电影转移。

关键词：硅表面亲水性自组装双分子层蚀刻工艺图案化沉积膜微观结构

c.ina and the United States： The c.ntest for Global Ec.nomic.Leadership

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c.ina & World Ec.nomy 2018年第5期26卷 12-37页

作者： c. Fred Bergsten Peterson Institute for International Ec.nomic. USA

This paper c.nsiders whether there is a ＂Thuc.dides trap ＂＇ in the world ec.nomy, referring to the inherent c.nflic. between inc.mbent and c.allenger It assesses the impac. of President Trump ~ alienation of traditional US allies, whic. threatens to splinter the ＂hegemonic.c.alition ＇＂ and even push c.ina and Europe together, and his c.nvergenc. toward some c.inese norms on trade and even polities. It outlines three possible systemic.sc.narios： a ＂GO＂ in whic. the US is no longer willing to lead but c.ina is not yet able or willing, and whether suc. a （likely） regime will be stable or unstable; a new ＂G1, ＂＇ sooner or later, led by c.ina; and a c.operative ＂G2 ＂＂ in whic. the US and c.ina agree to share leadership. It trac.s the evolution of ac.ual leadership initiatives of the two c.untries in rec.nt years. It c.mpares US and c.inese attitudes on key systemic.issues and c.nc.udes with an appraisal of ＂＇an international ec.nomic.order with c.inese c.arac.eristic., ＂＂ a worm in whic. the state plays a greater role relative to market ec.nomic., the rule of law defers inc.easingly to voluntary arrangements, and politic. tilt toward c.ntral ~overnment c.ntrol more than democ.ac..

关键词： G2 global leadership hegemonic.c.alition trade war