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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2015年第5期9卷 929-938页

作者： Ryan C. Smith Jinze LI Surapol PADUNGTHON Arup K. SENGUPTA Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

Metal oxide nanopartic.es like hydrated ferric.oxide （HFO） or hydrated zirc.nium oxide （HZrO） are exc.llent sorbents for environmentally signific.nt ligands like phosphate, arsenic. or fluoride, present at trac. c.nc.ntrations. Sinc. the sorption c.pac.ty is surfac. dependent for HFO and HZrO, nanosc.le sizes offer signific.nt enhanc.ment in performanc.. However, due to their minisc.le sizes, low attrition resistanc., and poor durability they are unable to be used in typic.l plug-flow c.lumn setups. Meanwhile ion exc.ange resins, whic. have no spec.fic.affinity toward anionic.ligands, are durable and c.emic.lly stable. By impregnating metal oxide nanopartic.es inside a polymer support, with or without func.ional groups, a hybrid nanosorbent material （HNM） c.n be prepared. A HNM is durable, mec.anic.lly strong, and c.emic.lly stable. The func.ional groups of the polymeric.support will affec. the overall removal effi- c.enc. of the ligands exerted by the Donnan Membrane Effec.. For example, the removal of arsenic.by HFO or the removal of fluoride by HZrO is enhanc.d by using anion exc.ange resins. The HNM c.n be prec.sely tuned to remove one type of c.ntaminant over another type. Also, the physic.l morphology of the support material, spheric.l bead versus ion exc.ange fiber, has a signific.nt effec. on kinetic. of sorption and desorption. HNMs also possess dual sorption sites and are c.pable of removing multiple c.ntaminants, namely, arsenate and perc.lorate, c.nc.rrently.

关键词： ion exc.ange sorpfion arsenic perc.lorat~,fluoride

创客活动进校园 4年级学生创设的解释能量传递和转换的项目

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中国科技教育 2016年第10期 30-37页

作者： Wendy smith Brian C. Smith 周建中

我们学校4年级的创客展示已经是第2年了，这项活动集中表彰了那些体现科学、技术、工程和创造力交叉融合的学生项目（见“网络资源”）。为了说明电能是如何传输和转换的，这些年轻的创客为学校提供了超过90个项目，从可发光的、纸质三... 详细信息

我们学校4年级的创客展示已经是第2年了，这项活动集中表彰了那些体现科学、技术、工程和创造力交叉融合的学生项目（见“网络资源”）。为了说明电能是如何传输和转换的，这些年轻的创客为学校提供了超过90个项目，从可发光的、纸质三维城市景观模型，到手工制作的、可与路人互动的机器鸟。父母、学校其他年级的学生，以及高中的机器人班被邀请参加展示活动，在这里他们可以参与项目互动和体验，同时与这些创客进行非正式交流，了解这些想法的灵感、反复的设计过程，以及我们学生对电能的理解。

关键词：学生能量传递年级校园非正式交流网络资源交叉融合城市景观

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猴痘不会进一步流行?

环球科学 2022年第21期 90-91页

作者：塔拉·c.史密斯不详

虽然我们对这位天花的“亲戚”了解甚多,但因为缺少研究支持,猴痘病毒仍有一些谜题待解。对研究传染性疾病的人来说,21世纪的第二个十年实在有太多事情发生了。在c.VID-19大流行的第三个年头,我们又见证了一个新的全球性流行疾病:猴痘... 详细信息

虽然我们对这位天花的“亲戚”了解甚多,但因为缺少研究支持,猴痘病毒仍有一些谜题待解。对研究传染性疾病的人来说,21世纪的第二个十年实在有太多事情发生了。在c.VID-19大流行的第三个年头,我们又见证了一个新的全球性流行疾病:猴痘。目前猴痘疫情还在发展,全球居民对它的重视程度也随着疫情的变化而发生了显著的变化。

关键词：传染性疾病流行疾病猴痘疫情 21世纪重视程度

The assembly of the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies

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Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2012年第8期12卷 1021-1043页

作者： Martin C. Smith Sakurako Okamoto Hai-Bo Yuan Xiao-Wei Liu Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysic. Peking University Beijing 100871 China National Astronomic.l Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China LAMOST Fellow Department of Astronomy Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In rec.nt years it has bec.me c.ear that the Milky Way is an important test- ing ground for theories of galaxy formation. Muc. of this growth has been driven by large surveys, both photometric.and spec.rosc.pic. whic. are produc.ng vast and ric. c.talogs of data. Through the analysis of these data sets we c.n gain new and detailed insights into the physic.l proc.sses whic. shaped the Milky Way＇s evolution. This review will disc.ss a number of these developments, first foc.sing on the disk of the Milky Way, and then looking at its satellite population. The importanc. of surveys has not gone unnotic.d by the c.inese astronomy c.mmunity and in the final sec.ion we disc.ss a number of c.inese projec.s that are set to play a key role in the development of this field.

关键词： Galaxy： struc.ure -- Galaxy： evolution -- Galaxy： kinematic. and dy-namic. -- Galaxy： disk -- galaxies： dwarf-- surveys

Variation in sexual dimorphism and assortative mating do not predic. genetic.divergenc. in the sexually dimorphic.Goodeid fish Girardinic.thys multiradiatus

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c.rrent Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 440-452页

作者： c. MAc.AS GARc.A G smith c. GONZALEZ ZUARTH J. A. GRAVES M. G. RITc.IE Departamento de Ec.logia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia UNAM A. E 70-275 C. E 04510 M6xico DE M6xico Sc.ool of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Sexual dimorphism is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selec.ion in c.mparative studies of sexual selec.ion and diversific.tion. The Mexic.n Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between spec.es in sexual dimorphism in body shape. Previously we found an assoc.ation between variation in morphologic.l sexual dimorphism between spec.es and the amount of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have examined if mor- phologic.l differentiation within a single dimorphic.spec.es is related to assortative mating or gene flow between populations. In the Amarillo fish Girardinic.thys multiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated male fins are targets of female preferenc.s. We find that populations of the spec.es differ in the level of sexual dimorphism displayed due to faster evolution of differenc.s in male than female morphology. However, this does not predic. variation in assortative mating tests in the laboratory; in fac. dif- ferenc.s in male morphology are negatively c.rrelated with assortative mating. Mic.osatellite markers reveal signific.nt genetic.differenc.s between populations. However, gene flow is not predic.ed by either morphologic.l differenc.s or assortative mating. Rather, it demonstrates a pattern of isolation by distanc. with greater differentiation between watersheds. We disc.ss the c.veats of predic.ing behavioural and genetic.divergenc. from so-c.lled proxies of sexual selec.ion.

关键词：交配试验两性异形遗传分化淡水鱼预测性选型物种分化微卫星标记

The Effec. of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) on Body c.mposition and c.inic.l Markers of Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infec.ed c.ildren Assessed in Follow-Up Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 252-258页

作者： Agnieszka B. Dzwonek Vas Novelli C. Smith Margaret Lawson c.ildhood Nutrition Researc. c.ntre Institute of Child Health University College London London UK c.inic.l Infec.ious Diseases Unit Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital NHS Trust London UK Researc. Department of Infec.ion and Population Health University College London Medical School London UK

Objec.ives: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been assoc.ated with lipodystrophy in c.ildren. We evaluated c.anges in various anthropometric.measurements for the assessment of lipodystrophy and assessed whether there was an assoc.ation with use of protease inhibitors (PI), non-PI c.ntaining ART and/or stavudine (d4T). Methods: Eighty-five HIV-infec.ed c.ildren attending the HIV c.inic.at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) were inc.uded. The average follow-up was 8.4 months (range 3 - 12 months). Body fat redistribution was assessed by anthropometric.measurements inc.uding skinfold thic.ness and c.rc.mferenc.s of upper and lower limbs. Measurements were c.nverted to age- and sex-adjusted z-sc.res through development stages inc.uding puberty. Results: Sixty c.ildren had taken ART;37 rec.ived PI-c.ntaining;38 rec.ived d4T;25 had never been treated. In the studied population, c.inic.lly important c.anges with dec.eases in bic.ps (BSF), subsc.pular skinfolds and total body fat (4SFT) over period of 12 months were observed. Some inc.ease was notic.d in tric.ps skinfolds (TSF). Limbs c.rc.mferenc.s remained at the same level. Further we looked at 4 months basis c.anges in anthropometric.measurements stratified by baseline ART. Generally z-sc.res of anthropometric.measurements were lower in therapy naive c.ildren when c.mpared to ART groups. PI-based ART regimens resulted in signific.nt inc.eases in BSF with a trend towards inc.eases in TSF, suprailiac.and 4SFT. Mid-arm and thigh c.rc.mferenc.s were higher in PI c.mpared to naive group. Similarly, signific.nt c.anges in BSF z-sc.res were assoc.ated with d4T use. Inc.eases were seen in TSF and mid-arm c.rc.mferenc. and dec.eases were observed in subsc.pular skinfolds and c.lf c.rc.mferenc. z-sc.res. c.nc.usions: Body fat redistribution in HIV-infec.ed c.ildren with sub-c.inic.l lipodystrophy c.uld be detec.ed by anthropometric.measurements, partic.larly when PI or d4T is inc.uded in ART. Over time, c.anges with inc.ease in arm and trunk fat, and no c.ange or dec.ease in l

关键词： Body Fat Redistribution Anthropometric Measurements HIV c.ildren Art

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不确定性的量化理论、实现和应用

国外科技新书评介 2015年第1期 2-3页

作者： ltalph C. Smith 张志斌不详中国科学院计算技术研究所

随着数据科学的兴起，数据分析技术成为目前热门的讨论主题。数据分析本质上是利用数据中包含的信息降低现实中的不确定性。对不确定性进行量化在科学研究、社会研究、经济研究等等众多领域都有非常重要的意义。本书从基本概念、理论到... 详细信息

随着数据科学的兴起，数据分析技术成为目前热门的讨论主题。数据分析本质上是利用数据中包含的信息降低现实中的不确定性。对不确定性进行量化在科学研究、社会研究、经济研究等等众多领域都有非常重要的意义。本书从基本概念、理论到具体的算法实现等方面，对这一领域进行了比较全面的介绍。

关键词：不确定性量化数据分析技术应用科学研究社会研究

Self-reported c.garette smoking status imprec.sely quantifies exposure in pregnanc.

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Open Journal of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy 2012年第1期2卷 56-61页

作者： c.rolina c. Venditti Graeme N. smith Department of Biomedic.l and Molec.lar Sc.enc.s Queen’s University Kingston Canada Department of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy Kingston General Hospital Kingston Canada

Objec.ive: We sought to determine the validity of self-reported smoking ac.ivity versus two quantitative measurements of tobac.o exposure in pregnanc.. We hypothesized that pregnant women would under-report their daily smoking amounts, due to the negative soc.al stigmas assoc.ated with suc. a behavior. Methods: c.garette-smoking and non-smoking pregnant women were rec.uited as part of a larger researc. study. Pregnant women with a singleton baby (>24 weeks) were rec.uited at a c.inic.l appointment or prior to an elec.ive c.esarian sec.ion. Self-reported smoking status, inc.uding time sinc. last c.garette, was rec.rded. End-tidal breath c.rbon monoxide (ETc.) levels and urine c.tinine levels were measured and c.mpared. Results: Both normotensive non-smoking (NTN) (n = 44) and normotensive smoking (NTS) (n = 24) pregnant women were rec.uited. A strong c.rrelation was found between ETc. levels and urine c.tinine measurements (r = 0.6566, p 0.05). c.nc.usion: Self-reported smoking status ac.urately identifies women who smoke in pregnanc., but not their level of tobac.o exposure. Urine c.tinine or ETc. are muc. better quantitative measurements of nic.tine and c.rbon monoxide, respec.ively, and should be measured for a more prec.se indic.tor of smoking ac.ivity. These devic.s will allow for better c.unseling and monitoring of women who are trying to quit smoking and/or who enter into smoking c.ssation programs.

关键词： Pregnanc. c.garette Smoking c.rbon Monoxide c.tinine Self-Reported Levels

Impac. of endosc.pic.sinus surgery on otologic.symptoms assoc.ated with c.ronic.rhinosinusitis

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2017年第1期3卷 -页

作者： Neville W.Teo Jess c.Mac. Timothy L.smith Peter H.Hwang Department of Otolaryngology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Objec.ive: To evaluate improvements in otologic.symptoms after endosc.pic.sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with c.ronic.rhinosinusitis (c.S), and identify differenc.s in symptoms, if any, between c.S patients with (c.SwNP) and without (c.SsNP) nasal polyposis. Material and methods: This is a prospec.ive multi-c.nter observational c.hort study. Adults with medic.lly rec.lc.trant c.S who elec.ed ESS were enrolled in a prospec.ive, multic.nter, observational c.hort study between Marc., 2011 and Oc.ober, 2014. Preoperative eval- uation of subjec.s inc.uded assessment of c.inic.l c.arac.eristic., measures of disease severity, and quality of life evaluation using the 22-item SinoNasal Outc.me Test (SNOT-22). Postoperative improvement in otologic.symptoms (ear fullness, dizziness, ear pain) sc.res were evaluated and c.mpared between c.SwNP and c.SsNP subgroups. Results: Three hundred and ninety-five study patients c.mpleted both preoperative and post-operative evaluations, with an average follow-up of 13.9 months after ESS. The prevalenc. of patients reporting at least one otologic.symptom preoperatively (87%) signific.ntly dec.eased after ESS (63%, P c.nt postoperative improvement ac.oss all otologic.sc.res was also reported ( P c.symptom severity was similar for both c.SwNP and c.SsNP, exc.pt patients with c.SwNP reported signific.ntly greater postoperative improvement in ear fullness c.mpared to c.SsNP (54% vs . 41%, P = 0.039). A total of 61%, 44%, and 43% of patients reported experienc.ng improvement in "ear fullness" , "dizziness" and "ear pain" , respec.ively. c.nc.usion: Sinus surgery signific.ntly improves otologic.symptoms assoc.ated with c.S. c.SwNP patients reported slightly greater relief of ear fullness than c.SsNP patients following ESS.

关键词： Ear symptoms c.ronic.rhinosinusitis Endosc.pic.sinus surgery

c.ina and the United States： The c.ntest for Global Ec.nomic.Leadership

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c.ina & World Ec.nomy 2018年第5期26卷 12-37页

作者： c. Fred Bergsten Peterson Institute for International Ec.nomic. USA

This paper c.nsiders whether there is a ＂Thuc.dides trap ＂＇ in the world ec.nomy, referring to the inherent c.nflic. between inc.mbent and c.allenger It assesses the impac. of President Trump ~ alienation of traditional US allies, whic. threatens to splinter the ＂hegemonic.c.alition ＇＂ and even push c.ina and Europe together, and his c.nvergenc. toward some c.inese norms on trade and even polities. It outlines three possible systemic.sc.narios： a ＂GO＂ in whic. the US is no longer willing to lead but c.ina is not yet able or willing, and whether suc. a （likely） regime will be stable or unstable; a new ＂G1, ＂＇ sooner or later, led by c.ina; and a c.operative ＂G2 ＂＂ in whic. the US and c.ina agree to share leadership. It trac.s the evolution of ac.ual leadership initiatives of the two c.untries in rec.nt years. It c.mpares US and c.inese attitudes on key systemic.issues and c.nc.udes with an appraisal of ＂＇an international ec.nomic.order with c.inese c.arac.eristic., ＂＂ a worm in whic. the state plays a greater role relative to market ec.nomic., the rule of law defers inc.easingly to voluntary arrangements, and politic. tilt toward c.ntral ~overnment c.ntrol more than democ.ac..

关键词： G2 global leadership hegemonic.c.alition trade war