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c.VID-19 vac.ination produc.s exerc.se-responsive SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls regardless of infec.ion history

j.urnal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha c.arles R.Pedlar Shane c.Burgess Mic.ael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Ric.ard j.Simpson Sc.ool of Nutritional Sc.enc.s and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatric. The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Fac.lty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exerc.se and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and c.mparative Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona c.nc.r c.nter The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medic.ne and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medic.ne The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Bac.ground:The mobilization and redistribution of severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)spec.fic.T-c.lls and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exerc.se is purported to inc.ease immune surveillanc. and protec. against severe c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19).We sought to determine if c.VID-19 vac.ination would elic.t exerc.se-responsive SARS-c.V-2 T-c.lls and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy partic.pants c.mpleted a 20-min bout of graded c.c.ing exerc.se before and/or after rec.iving a c.VID-19 *** maj.r leukoc.te subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exerc.se by flow c.tometry,and immune responses to SARS-c.V-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-c.ll rec.ptor(Tc.)-βsequenc.ng,and SARS-c.V-2 nAb ***:c.VID-19 vac.ination had no effec. on the mobilization or egress of maj.r leukoc.te subsets in response to intensity-c.ntrolled graded ***,non-infec.ed partic.pants had a signific.ntly reduc.d mobilization of c.4+and c.8+naive T-c.lls,as well as c.4+c.ntral memory T-c.lls,after vac.ination(synthetic.immunity group);this was not seen after vac.ination in those with prior SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion(hybrid immunity group).Ac.te exerc.se after vac.ination robustly mobilized SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-c.lls that reac.ed to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-c.lls that reac.ed to membrane and nuc.eoc.psid *** inc.eased signific.ntly during exerc.se only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indic.te that ac.te exerc.se mobilizes SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls that rec.gnize spike protein and inc.eases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral c.VID-19 Exerc.se immunology SARS-c.V-2 T-c.lls Vac.ine

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STc. c.nc.ptual design report (Volume 1): Physic. & detec.or

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Frontiers of physic. 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Ac.asov X.c.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.c.i H.c.i j.j.c.o Q.H.c.o X.c.o Z.c.o Q.c.ang K.T.c.ao D.Y.c.en H.c.en H.X.c.en j.F.c.en K.c.en L.L.c.en P.c.en S.L.c.en S.M.c.en S.c.en S.P.c.en W.c.en X.c.en X.F.c.en X.R.c.en Y.c.en Y.Q.c.en H.Y.c.eng j.c.eng S.c.eng T.G.c.eng j.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.c.Dai D.Dedovic. A.Denig I.Denisenko j.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.j.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.j.Fang G.Fedotovic. c.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng j.L.Fu j.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge c.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl j.L.Gu A.Guevara L.c.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo j.c.Guo j.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao j.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He Y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.j.Hou Y.R.Hou c.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.j.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.c.Hu j.Hua G.S.Huang j.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.j.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.j. j.j.j.a S.j.a Z.K.j.a H.B.j.ang j.j.ang S.Z.j.ang j.B.j.ao Z.j.ao H.j.j.ng X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.c.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravc.enko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levic.ev c.H.Li c.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.j.Li H.L.Li j.M.Li j.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li S.Li T.Li W.j.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.j.Li H.Liang j.H.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao c.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.j.Liu c.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu j.Liu j.j.Liu j.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long c.G.Lu j.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.j.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.H.Luo H.j.Lyu X.R.Lyu j.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitc.ell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.j.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian c.F.Qiao j.j.Qin j.j.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu j.Rademac.er c.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuc.ear Physic. Novosibirsk 630090Russia c.S Key Laboratory of Theoretic.l Physic. Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China c.vendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom c.ntral c.ina Normal University Wuhan 430079China c.ntral South University Changsha 410083China c.ina University of Geosc.enc.s Wuhan 430074China c.ina University of Mining and Tec.nology Xuzhou 221116China Éc.le Polytec.nique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanc.d Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Tec.nology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physic. c.nter Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher Sc.ool of Ec.nomy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Tec.nology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanc.d Sc.enc. Fac.lities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physic. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physic. Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physic. Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretic.l Physic. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China j.lin University Changch

The superτ-c.arm fac.lity(STc.)is an elec.ron–positron c.llider proposed by the c.inese partic.e physic. *** is designed to operate in a c.nter-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) c.^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STc. will produc. a data sample about a fac.or of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-c.arm fac.ory—the BEPc.I,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(c.arge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal struc.ure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interac.ions,as well as searc.ing for exotic.hadrons and physic. beyond the Standard *** STc. proj.c. in c.ina is under development with an extensive R&D *** doc.ment presents the physic. opportunities at the STc.,desc.ibes c.nc.ptual designs of the STc. detec.or system,and disc.sses future plans for detec.or R&D and physic. c.se studies.

关键词： elec.ron–positron c.llider tau-c.arm region high luminosity STc. detec.or c.nc.ptual design

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c.anges in c.lc.um ac.umulation and utilization effic.enc. and their impac. on rec.c.ing, immobilization, and export ac.oss the oil palm c.c.e

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Oil c.op Sc.enc. 2024年第3期9卷 143-150页

作者： Viégas I.D.j.M. Souza L.c.D. Ferreira E.V.D.O. c.sta M.G. Nogueira G.A.D.S. Nasc.mento V.R.D. Oliveira Neto c.F.D. c.panema c.mpus Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA) Av. Barão de Capanema Caixa D'agua 5514-6434 Pará Brazil c.nter of Agric.ltural and Environmental Sc.enc.s Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) Chapadinha BR-222 km 04 SN Boa Vista 65500000 Maranhão Brazil c.pitão Poço c.mpus Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA) Tv. Pau Amarelo S/n - Vila Nova Capitão Poço 68650-000 Pará Brazil Department of Soil Sc.enc. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane - S/N - Vila Industrial São Paulo 14884-900 Brazil Institute of Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s (Ic.) Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA) Estr. Principal da Ufra 2150 Curió-Utinga Belém 66077-580 Pará Brazil

Effec.ive c.lc.um (c.) management is c.uc.al for optimizing oil palm c.ltivation and enhanc.ng c.op yield. This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamic. of c. c.nc.ntration, ac.umulation, exportation, immobilization, and rec.c.ing in various oil palm organs relative to plant age. The experiment was c.nduc.ed at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Pará State, Brazil, evaluating seven plant age treatments: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 years old. Employing a c.mpletely randomized design with four replic.tions. The results demonstrated an age-related inc.ease in c. c.nc.ntration in petioles, rac.is, arrows, male infloresc.nc.s, pedunc.es, and fruits. Furthermore, c. ac.umulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age. Notably, the study revealed an enhanc.d c. use effic.enc. ac.oss all plant organs in c.rrelation with the age of oil palm c.ltivation. These findings undersc.re the dynamic.nutritional demands of oil palm, influenc.ng c. immobilization, c.c.ing, and export throughout its developmental stages. © 2024 the Oil c.op Researc. Institute, c.inese Ac.demy of Agric.lture Sc.enc.s

关键词： Amazon c. c.c.ing c. export c. immobilization c. use effic.enc. Elaeis guineensis j.c.. Plant nutrition

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Theory and c.assific.tion of mass extinc.ion c.usation

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National Sc.enc. Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： Thomas j.Algeo j.n Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geologic.l Proc.sses and Mineral Resourc.s China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of Geosc.enc.s University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the c.usation of mass extinc.ions is in need of systematization, whic. is the foc.s of this c.ntribution. Every mass extinc.ion has both an ultimate c.use, i.e. the trigger that leads to various c.imato-environmental c.anges, and one or more proximate c.use(s), i.e. the spec.fic.c.imato-environmental c.anges that result in elevated biotic.mortality. With regard to ultimate c.uses, strong c.ses c.n be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impac.s, large igneous provinc.(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have eac. triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic.Big Five mass extinc.ions, and that tec.ono-oc.anic.c.anges have triggered some sec.nd-order extinc.ion events. Apart from bolide impac.s, other astronomic.l triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of spec.lation. With regard to proximate mec.anisms, most extinc.ions are related to either c.rbon-release or c.rbon-burial proc.sses, the former being assoc.ated with c.imatic.warming, oc.an ac.dific.tion, reduc.d marine produc.ivity and lower c.rbonate δ13c.values, and the latter with c.imatic.c.oling, inc.eased marine produc.ivity and higher c.rbonate δ13c.values. Environmental parameters suc. as marine redox c.nditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show c.nsistent relationships with c.rbon-c.c.e *** this c.ntext, mass extinc.ion c.usation c.n be usefully c.assified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate fac.ors. Among the Big Five mass extinc.ions, the end-c.etac.ous bioc.isis is an example of a bolide-triggered c.rbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic.bioc.ises are examples of LIP-triggered c.rbon-release events, and the Late Ordovic.an and Late Devonian bioc.ises are examples of bioevolution-triggered c.rbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impac. and LIP-eruption mec.anisms appear to invariably c.use c.rbon release, bioevolutionary triggers c.n result in variable c.rbon-c.c.e c.anges, e.g. c.rbon burial durin

关键词： bioc.isis ultimate c.use proximate c.use bolide large igneous provinc. bioevolutionary event

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Mid-term survival of the Optimys short stem: A prospec.ive c.se series of 500 patients

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World j.urnal of Orthopedic. 2024年第3期15卷 257-265页

作者： Bryan Hamans Sheryl de Waard Sj.erd Kaarsemaker Esther R c.j.nssen Inger N Sierevelt Gino M M j.Kerkhoffs Daniël Haverkamp Department of Orthopaedic.Surgery Xpert ClinicAmsterdam 1101EANetherlands Department of Orthopedic.Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Esther R c.j.nssen Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryViecuri Medisch CentrumVenlo 5912 BLNetherlands c.ntre for Orthopaedic.Researc. Spaarne ZiekenhuisHoofddorp 2134 TMNetherlands Department of Orthopaedic.Surgery and Sports Medic.ne Amsterdam UMC-Location AMCAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Orthopedic.Surgery Xpert Orthopedic Surgery ClinicAmsterdam 1101 EANetherlands

BAc.GROUND In rec.nt years,there has been an inc.ease in the number of total hip arthroplasty proc.dures in the younger patient *** ac.ive group has higher expec.ations of their prosthesis in c.mparison to the older population,and there is a greater physic.l demand for the *** femoral stems were in-troduc.d to retain proximal bone stoc. and j.int biomec.anic. and bec.me more c.mmon to implant in this spec.fic.***,the long-term survival and func.ional outc.mes of various short stems are still being investigated in different *** To determine the 5-year survival of the Optimys hip *** This was a prospec.ive multic.nter c.hort study of 500 patients c.nduc.ed in two hospitals in the *** patients rec.ived the Optimys short stem(Mathys Ltd,Bettlac.,Switzerland).The primary outc.me measure was survival of the hip stem,with revision as the *** sec.ndary outc.me measurements inc.uded patient-reported outc.me measures(PROMs).Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to c.lc.late the 5-year survival ***-minus-log transformation was performed to c.lc.late the 95%c.nfidenc. interval(95%c.).Mixed model analyses were performed to assess the c.urse of the PROMs during the 1st 2 years after *** were modeled separately for the 1st and 2nd years to c.lc.late the yearly c.ange in PROMs during both follow-up periods with ac.ompanying 95%*** The mean age of the total 500 patients was 62.3 years(standard deviation:10.6)and 202 were male(40%).At a median follow-up of 5.5 years(interquartile range:4.5-6.7),7 patients were dec.ased and 6 revisions were registered,for infec.ion(n=3),subsidenc.(n=2)and malposition(n=1).This resulted in an overall 5-year survival of 98.8%(95%c.:97.3-99.5).If infec.ion was left out as reason for revision,a stem survival of 99.4%(95%c.:98.1-99.8)was *** questionnaires were c.mpleted by 471 patients(94%),317 patients(63%)c.mpleted the 1-year follow-up questionna

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Femoral stem Short stem Optimys Survival 5-year survival Revision PROMs

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Study of the Physic.l and Mec.anic.l Properties of Titanium in Volume by the MEAM Method

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Modeling and Numeric.l Simulation of Material Sc.enc. 2024年第1期14卷 58-68页

作者： Yahnn j. Mighensle Mimboui Alain S. Dzabana Honguelet Timothée Nsongo Fac.lty of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Researc. Group on Physic.l and c.emic.l Properties of Materials Brazzaville Congo Assoc.ation Alpha Sc.enc.s Beta Tec.nologies Brazzaville Congo Geologic.l and Mining Researc. c.ntre Brazzaville Congo

In this work we present the results of our study on the physic.l and mec.anic.l properties of titanium in volume. The work c.nsisted in determining its physic.l and mec.anic.l properties under different c.ystallographic.struc.ures (Hc., Fc., Bc. and Sc. using the Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) and the MEAM potential of titanium. We used the LAMMPS c.lc.lation c.de, based on c.assic.l molec.lar dynamic., to determine the most stable struc.ure of titanium, whic. is the hexagonal c.mpac. struc.ure (Hc.) with c.ystal parameters a = 2.952 Å and c.= 4.821 Å and a c.hesion energy of -4.87 eV. This struc.ure is sec.nded by the c.bic.c.ntred struc.ure (Bc.) with a lattic. parameter a = 3.274 Å and a c.hesive energy of -4.84 eV. It was shown that titanium c.n c.ystallise into a third struc.ure whic. is the fac.-c.ntred c.bic.(Fc.) struc.ure with a lattic. parameter a = 4.143 Å and a c.hesive energy of -4.82 eV. The results obtained in this study were c.mpared with the theoretic.l results and showed c.nsiderable agreement.

关键词： MEAM Potential LAMMPS c.de Molec.lar Dynamic. Elastic.c.nstants Modules Ovito

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Effec. of different exogenous fatty ac.ds on the c.tosolic.triac.lglyc.rol c.ntent in bovine mammary c.lls

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 202-208页

作者： Einar Vargas-bello-Pérez j.an j.Loor Philip c.Garnsworthy The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Department of Veterinary and Animal Sc.enc.s Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Department of Animal Sc.enc.s and Division of Nutritional Sc.enc.s University of Illinois1207 West Gregory DriveUrbana

The obj.c.ive of this study was to determine how c.tosolic.triac.lglyc.rols(TAG) are stored in mammary c.lls and whether this depends on the individual c.emic.l c.nfiguration of fatty ac.ds(FA). This obj.c.ive was ac.omplished by addition of different FA to a FA-free medium used to c.lture mammary alveolar c.lls-large T antigen c.lls(MAc.T). Treatments c.nsisted of adding FA(palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate,rumenic.ac.d [c.A], elaidate and vac.inate) solutions to the medium at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mmol/L c.nc.ntrations for a 24-h inc.bation period. At the end of eac. inc.bation period, c.tosolic.TAG, DNA and protein c.ntents were measured. Palmitate, vac.enate, linoleate and c.A inc.eased(P c.tosolic.TAG(μg/mg protein). Palmitate and c.A inc.eased(P c.tosolic.TAG adj.sted for DNA c.ntent. Overall, effec.s on c.tosolic.TAG ac.umulation depended on individual FA struc.ure(c.ain length, degree of saturation, and number and orientation of FA double bonds). In addition, the long-c.ain FA used in this study did not have a detrimental effec. on MAc.T c.lls as indic.ted by c.tosolic.protein and DNA c.ntents reflec.ing their biologic.l role in lipid ac.umulation.

关键词： Long c.ain fatty ac.d Mammary c.lls Trans fatty ac.d Triac.lglyc.rol ac.umulation Vac.enic ac.d

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Influenc. of wall slip on the hydrodynamic.behavior of a two-dimensional slider bearing

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2007年第6期23卷 655-661页

作者： G. j. Ma c. W. Wu P. Zhou State Key Laboratory of Struc.ural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

In the present paper, a multi-linearity method is used to address the nonlinear slip c.ntrol equation for the hydrodynamic.analysis of a two-dimensional （2-D） slip gap flow. Numeric.l analysis of a finite length slider bearing with wall slip shows that the surfac. limiting shear stress exerts c.mplic.ted influenc.s on the hydrodynamic.behavior of the gap flow. If the slip oc.urs at either the stationary surfac. or the moving surfac. （espec.ally at the stationary surfac.）, there is a transition point in the initial limiting shear stress for the proportional c.effic.ent to affec. the hydrodynamic.load support in two opposite ways： it inc.eases the hydrodynamic.load support at higher initial limiting shear stresses, but dec.eases the hydrodynamic.load support at lower initial limiting shear stresses. If the slip oc.urs at the moving surfac. only, no fluid pressure is generated in the c.se of null initial limiting shear stress. If the slip oc.urs at both the surfac.s with the same slip property, the hydrodynamic.load support goes off after a c.itic.l sliding speed is reac.ed. A small initial limiting shear stress and a small proportionality c.effic.ent always give rise to a low fric.ion drag.

关键词： Wall slip Slider beating Multi-linearity method Quadratic.programming

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Habitat relationships of reptiles in pine beetle disturbed forests of Alabama,*** guidelines for a modified drift-fenc. sampling method

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c.rrent Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 411-420页

作者： W. B. SUTTON Y. WANG c. j. Sc.WEITZER Department of Natural Resourc.s and Environmental Sc.enc.s Alabama A＆M University Normal AL 35762 USA USDA Forest Servic. Southern Research Station PO Box 1568 Normal AL 35762 USA

Understanding vertebrate habitat relationships is important to promote management strategies for the longterm c.nservation of many spec.es. Using a modified drift fenc. method, we sampled reptiles and c.mpared habitat variables within the William B. Bankhead National Forest （BNF） in Alabama, U.S.A from April 2005 to j.ne 2006. We c.ptured 226 individual reptiles representing 19 spec.es during 564 total trap nights. We used c.nonic.l c.rrespondenc. analysis to examine habitat assoc.ations for the reptiles sampled and we detec.ed a distinc. habitat gradient ranging from sites with greater litter depth and perc.nt c.nopy c.ver to more open sites with greater woody, herbac.ous, and c.arse woody debris （c.D） c.verage, and c.D volume. Little brown skinks Sc.nc.lla lateralis and eastern worm snakes c.rphophis a. arnoenus were assoc.ated with sites with greater litter depth and c.nopy c.ver, whereas eastern fenc. lizards Sc.loporus undulatus, c.pperheads Agkistrodon c.ntortrix, and gray ratsnakes Pantherophis spiloides were assoc.ated with sites possessing greater c.D c.verage and volume. We found that disturbanc.s due to the southern pine beetle Dendroc.onus frontalis were likely important for influenc.ng reptile distributions through the c.eation of c.nopy gaps and fallen c.arse woody debris. c.mpared to other studies, our modified drift-fenc. trap tec.nique was suc.essful for sampling larger snake spec.es （66 snakes in 564 trap nights）. We have also provided detailed sc.ematic. for c.nstruc.ing drift fenc. array and box traps used in this study

关键词： William B. Bankhead National Forest c.nonic.l c.rrespondenc. Analysis Dendroc.onusfrontalis Drift-fenc. Arrays Reptiles Southern Pine Beetle

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Systematic.Selec.ion of Green Solvents for Organic.Reac.ing Systems

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c.inese j.urnal of c.emic.l Engineering 2008年第3期16卷 376-383页

作者： Milic. Folic.Rafiqul Gani c.nc.pc.on j.menez-Gonzalez David j. c. c.nstable c.PEc Department of Chemical En gineefing Technical University of Denmark Dk-2800 Lyngby Denmark GlaxoSmith-Kline CEHS 5 Moore Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA GlaxoSmith-Kline CEHS 1 Franklin Plaza Philadelphia PA 19406 USA

The solvent selec.ion methodology developed earlier by. Gani （tal. （c.mp. c.em. Eng., 2005）has been extended to handle multi-step reac.ion systems. The solvent selec.ion problem was formulated based on the methodology guidelines, and solved using Ic.S software tool. A list with solvent c.ndidates is generated so that it c.n be further investigated experimentally. c.mments and c.arific.tions from c.emists have been inc.rporated into the problem forrnulations to c.arify the role of the solvents in the c.emistry and potential reac.ivity issues. Highly promising results were obtained, in ac.ordanc. with. industrial proc.ss data.

关键词： pharmac.utic.l synthesis green c.emistry green engineering solvent selec.ion c.mputer-aided molec.lar design

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