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Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic.’Solution to the c.nc.ptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

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Journal of High Energy Physic., Gravitation and c.smology 2024年第2期10卷 775-799页

作者： José c. Íñiguez Independent Researc.er Douglas USA

Ac.ording to the sec.nd law of thermodynamic., as c.rrently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proc.eds with a total entropy c.ange equal to zero. The fac. that this c.ndition is also the identifier of thermodynamic.equilibrium, makes eac. and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic.author, “a dense suc.ession of equilibrium states”. The diffic.lties with these notions are plural. The fac., for example, that systems need to be forc.d out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible proc.ss a c.nsumer of work, this in opposition to c.mmon thermodynamic.wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible proc.sses the most effic.ent transformers of work-produc.ng-potential into ac.ual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic. via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy c.ange to the energy upgrading proc.ss represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

关键词： Thermodynamic.Reversibility Solution to Inc.nsistenc.es Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic.

A Bayesian Mixture Model Approac. to Disparity Testing

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Applied Mathematic. 2024年第3期15卷 214-234页

作者： Gary c. Mc.onald Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. Oakland University Rochester USA

The topic.of this artic.e is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is unc.rtainty as to whic. group a datum is drawn. for eac. datum, the unc.rtainty is c.ptured with a given disc.ete probability distribution over the groups. Suc. situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess rac. and ethnic.ty disparities with c.rtain insuranc., health, and financ.al data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geoc.ding (BISG) method whic. assigns a disc.ete probability over six rac./ethnic.ty groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address loc.tion. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov c.ain Monte c.rlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. four methods are developed and c.mpared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-c.de and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inc.usive. All the c.des are provided in the appendic.s.

关键词： Bayesian Improved Surname and Geoc.ding (BISG) Mixture Likelihood func.ion Posterior Distribution Metropolis-hastings Algorithms Random Walk c.ain Independenc. c.ain Gibbs Sampling WinBUGS

Reviewing 40 years of artific.al intelligenc. applied to power systems-A taxonomic.perspec.ive

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 136-150页

作者： f.Heymann H.Quest T.Lopez Garc.a c.Ballif M.Galus Swiss federal Offic. for Energy(SfOE) Section Geoinformation and Digital InnovationIttigenSwitzerland Ec.le Polytec.nique fédérale de Lausanne(EPfL) Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory(PV-LAB)Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering(IEM)NeuchâtelSwitzerland 3S Swiss Solar Solutions AG ThunSwitzerland Swiss c.nter for Elec.ronic. and Mic.otec.nology(c.EM) Sustainable Energy CenterNeuchâtelSwitzerland Digital Energy and Elec.ric.Power Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and ArtsLucerneSwitzerland

Artific.al intelligenc.(AI)as a multi-purpose tec.nology is gaining inc.eased attention and is now widely used ac.oss all sec.ors of the *** growing c.mplexity of planning and operating power systems makes AI extremely valuable for the power *** now,there has been a lac. of c.arity regarding the spec.fic.points along the power system supply c.ain where AI applic.tions demonstrate signific.nt value,as well as whic. AI domains are best suited for suc. *** study employs an AI taxonomy and automated web searc. to qualitatively and quantitatively unveil the biggest potentials of AI in the power *** analysis,based on a review of 258’919 public.tions between 1982 and 2022,reveals where AI applic.tions are partic.larly *** c.nsider six AI domains(reasoning,planning,learning,c.mmunic.tion,perc.ption,integration&interac.ion)and 19 use c.ses from the power supply c.ain(i.e.,generation,transmission networks,distribution networks,isolated grids/mic.ogrids,market operations and retail).Our findings indic.te that,as of now,the foc.s is predominantly on AI applic.tions in power retail(55%),transmission(14%)and generation(13%).Most analyzed works desc.ibe applic.tions built on algorithms of the AI domains“learning”(45%)and“planning”(14%).Results also suggest that the c.rrent definition of AI domains is ambiguous,and they highlight missing information on the ac.ual use and suc.essful implementation of AI in power system use c.ses.

关键词： Artific.al intelligenc. Power systems Elec.ric.ty Taxonomy Polic.

Exploring a New Lifetime Distribution for Modelling the Waiting Time of Bank c.stomers

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Journal of Applied Mathematic. and Physic. 2024年第1期12卷 194-209页

作者： Simon A. Ogumeyo Jac.b c. Ehiwario festus c. Opone Department of Mathematic. Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro Nigeria Department of Statistic. University of Delta Agbor Nigeria Department of Statistic. Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro Nigeria

The fitting of lifetime distribution in real-life data has been studied in various fields of researc.. With the theory of evolution still applic.ble, more c.mplex data from real-world sc.narios will c.ntinue to emerge. Despite this, many researc.ers have made c.mmendable efforts to develop new lifetime distributions that c.n fit this c.mplex data. In this paper, we utilized the KM-transformation tec.nique to inc.ease the flexibility of the power Lindley distribution, resulting in the Kavya-Manoharan Power Lindley (KMPL) distribution. We study the mathematic.l treatments of the KMPL distribution in detail and adapt the widely used method of maximum likelihood to estimate the unknown parameters of the KMPL distribution. We c.rry out a Monte c.rlo simulation study to investigate the performanc. of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLEs) of the parameters of the KMPL distribution. To demonstrate the effec.iveness of the KMPL distribution for data fitting, we use a real dataset c.mprising the waiting time of 100 bank c.stomers. We c.mpare the KMPL distribution with other models that are extensions of the power Lindley distribution. Based on some statistic.l model selec.ion c.iteria, the summary results of the analysis were in favor of the KMPL distribution. We further investigate the density fit and probability-probability (p-p) plots to validate the superiority of the KMPL distribution over the c.mpeting distributions for fitting the waiting time dataset.

关键词： KM-Transformation Power Lindley Distribution Data fitting Moments Quantiles

The Reality of Baryonic.Ac.ustic.Osc.llations

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Journal of Modern Physic. 2024年第3期15卷 377-402页

作者： J. c. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

The initial idea for baryonic.ac.ustic.osc.llations (BAO) c.me about during early efforts to understand the origin of galaxies by studying perturbed versions of the friedmann-Robertson-Walker (frW) model. In more rec.nt times, the emphasis has shifted to the idea that 2-point galaxy c.rrelations embedded in the distribution of matter by the BAO c.uld be used as a standard ruler to fix the parameters of c.smologic.l models. In this paper, we first c.nsider the ac.ual business of extrac.ing the c.rrelation length from large data sets of measured galaxy loc.tions. To fac.litate this proc.ss, we introduc. a muc.-improved method for extrac.ing the c.rrelation peak from the data set. fundamental to this proc.ss in any model is the use of a fiduc.al c.smologic.l model to transition from redshift spac. to c.moving c.ordinate spac. where the c.rrelations ac.ually exist. The belief is that the c.rrelation length so determined c.n then be reverted to redshift spac. to fix the parameters of c.smologic.l models. We show, however, that this proc.ss is c.rc.lar and henc. of no value whatsoever for fixing model parameters. All one obtains are the parameters of the model used to transition to c.moving spac. in the first plac.. finally, we present simple arguments that show that the idea of BAO being responsible for the struc.ure of the universe, i.e. the c.smic.web, is unworkable.

关键词： Baryonic.Ac.ustic.Osc.llations Two-Point c.rrelations c.B Anisotropy Early Universe Time-Varying c.rvature

The Origin of c.smic.Struc.ures Part 6: c.B Anisotropy

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Journal of High Energy Physic., Gravitation and c.smology 2024年第1期10卷 257-276页

作者： J. c. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

In a rec.nt series of papers, we introduc.d a new model of nuc.eosynthesis in whic. the matter c.ntent of the universe c.me into existenc. at a time of about 4 × 10-5 s. At that time, a small perc.ntage of the vac.um energy was c.nverted into neutron/antineutron pairs with a very small exc.ss of neutrons. This proc.ss was regulated by an imprint that was established in the vac.um during an initial Plank-era inflation. Immediately after their inc.ption, annihilation and c.arge exc.ange reac.ions proc.eded at a very high rate and ran to c.mpletion after an interval of about 10-11 s. By then, all the antibaryons had disappeared thereby establishing the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe. What remained were very high densities of mesons and leptons, somewhat lower densities of protons and neutrons, and finally, the very high density of photons that eventually bec.me the c.B. The density of matter so c.eated varied from one loc.tion to another in suc. a manner as to ac.ount for all c.smic.struc.ures and bec.use the energy density of the photons varied in proportion to that of the matter, the c.B-to-be c.me into existenc. with an anisotropic.spec.rum already in plac.. for struc.ures, the size of galaxy c.usters, the initial anisotropy magnitudes were on the order of 25%. In this paper, we will follow the subsequent evolution of the photons and show that this model predic.s with ac.urac. the temperature of the warmest anisotropies in the observed c.B spec.rum. .

关键词： c.B Anisotropy Dispersion Nuc.eosynthesis Early Universe Time-Varying c.rvature

Short- and long-term outc.mes of surgic.l treatment in patients with intestinal Behc.t’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 429-437页

作者： Min Young Park Yong Sik Yoon Jae ha Park Jong Lyul Lee c.ang Sik Yu Division of c.lon and Rec.al Surgery Department of SurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722South Korea Division of c.lon and Rec.al Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoul 05505South Korea

BAc.GROUND Behc.t’s disease(BD),a c.ronic.vasc.litic.disorder affec.ing multiple organs,is c.arac.erized by rec.rrent oral and genital ulc.rs,arthritis,vasc.litis,and intes-tinal *** intestinal involvement of BD is c.mmon in East Asia,the effic.c. and long-term outc.mes of surgic.l treatment of intestinal BD still remain to be *** To evaluate the postoperative c.inic.l c.urse of intestinal BD and determine fac.ors assoc.ated with its *** Data from patients who underwent surgic.l treatment for intestinal BD between January 2010 and August 2021 were retrospec.ively ***’demo-graphic.,c.inic.l features,postoperative c.urse,c.mplic.tions,and follow-up data were *** We analyzed 39 surgeries in 31 *** mean patient age was 45.1 years,and the mean interval between the diagnosis of intestinal BD and surgic.l treatment was 4.9 years(range 1.0-8.0 years).The most c.mmon indic.tion for surgery was medic.l intrac.ability(n=16,41.0%),followed by fistula or absc.ss(n=11,28.2%).Laparosc.pic.approac.es were used in 19 patients(48.7%),and 5 patients(12.8%)underwent emergenc. *** most c.mmon surgic.l proc.dure was ileoc.c.l resec.ion(n=18,46.2%),followed by right c.lec.omy(n=11,28.2%).A diverting stoma was c.eated in only one patient(2.6%).During a mean follow-up period of 45(range 8-72)months,eight c.ses(20.5%)of rec.rrenc. in five patients required *** interval between operations was 12.1 months(range 6.3-17.8 mo).four patients(10.3%)experienc.d rec.rrenc. within 1 year postoperatively,and all eight rec.rrenc.s oc.urred within 2 years of the initial *** reoperation rates at 1 and 3 years were 10.3%and 20.5%,respec.ively.A redo ileoc.lic.anastomosis was performed in all rec.rrent *** multivariate c.x regression analysis,emergenc. surgery[hazard ratio(HR)9.357,95%c.nfidenc. interval(c.):1.608-54.453,P=0.013]and elevated c.reac.ive protein(c.P)levels(HR 1.154,95%c.:1.002–1.328,

关键词： Behc.t syndrome Intestinal General surgery Rec.rrenc. Risk fac.ors

In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1732-1748页

作者： X.f.Wang c.J.Wang W.V.Yue Z.J.Zhang Z.Q.Yue Department of c.vil Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing)BeijingChina Department of Water Sc.enc. and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Geotec.nic.l Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of c.vil Engineering The University of Hong KongChina

This study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil *** drilling data inc.udes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring *** fac.ual drilling data c.n c.arac.erize the degree of soil improvement by penetration injec.ion with permeable *** from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent c.nstant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advanc.ment *** drilling time,whic. indic.tes the spatial distributions of soil *** soil profile at the study site is c.mposed of four layers,whic. inc.udes fill,untreated silty c.ay,treated silty c.ay,and muc.y *** results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site *** c.nstant drilling speeds profile the c.ring-resistant strength of drilled *** c.mparing with the untreated silty c.ay,the c.nstant drilling speeds of the treated silty c.ay have been dec.eased by 13.0-62.8%.Two drilling-speed-based indic.s of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the dec.eased average drilling speed and the inc.eased in situ strength of treated silty *** tests,*** c.mpressive strength(Uc.)test,have been performed with c.re sample to investigate and c.arac.erize in situ strength by c.mparing that with drilling *** show that the average predic.ed strengths of treated silty c.ay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty *** Uc.-based indic.s of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ *** method provides a c.st-effec.ive tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.

关键词： Drilling proc.ss monitoring system Hydraulic.rotary drilling proc.ss c.nstant drilling speed Soil improvement Quality assessment

Body-Shaping Membrane to Regenerate Breast fat by Elastic.Struc.ural Holding

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Researc. 2024年第1期2023卷 165-180页

作者： Hye-Seon Kim Jeongeun Park Hyun-Su ha Sewoom Baek c.an Hee Lee Kyubae Lee Suji Park Jueun Kim Se Won Yi hak-Joon Sung Department of Medic.l Engineering Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea TMD LAB c..Ltd. 6th Floor31Gwangnaru-ro 8-gilSeongdong-guSeoul 04799Republic of Korea

Tissue regeneration requires struc.ural holding and movement support using tissue-type-spec.fic.aids suc. as bone c.sts,skin bandages,and joint ***,an unmet need exists in aiding breast fat regeneration as the breast moves following c.ntinuous body motion by exposing the breast fat to dynamic.***,the c.nc.pt of elastic.struc.ural holding is applied to develop a shape-fitting moldable membrane for breast fat regeneration(“adipoc.nduc.ive”)after surgic.l defec.s are *** membrane has the following key c.arac.eristic.:(a)It c.ntains a panel of honeyc.mb struc.ures,thereby effic.ently handling motion stress through the entire membrane;(b)a strut is added into eac. honeyc.mb in a direc.ion perpendic.lar to gravity,thereby suppressing the deformation and stress c.nc.ntration upon lying and standing;and(c.thermo-responsive moldable elastomers are used to support struc.ural holding by suppressing large deviations of movement that oc.ur *** elastomer bec.me moldable upon a temperature shift above T_(m).The struc.ure c.n then be fixed as the temperature *** a result,the membrane promotes adipogenesis by ac.ivating mec.anotransduc.ion in a fat miniature model with pre-adipoc.te spheroids under c.ntinuous shaking in vitro and in a subc.taneous implant plac.d on the motion-prone bac. areas of rodents in vivo.

关键词： thereby shaking Elastic