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Sc.le Effec. of c.imate and.Soil Texture on Soil Organic.c.rbon in the Upland. of Northeast c.ina

Ped.sphere 2010年第4期20卷 525-535页

作者： WANG d.n-d.n SHI Xue-Zheng WANG Hong-Jie d. c. WEINd.RF YU d.ng-Sheng SUN Wei-Xia REN Hong-Yan ZHAO Yong-c.n State Key Laboratory of Soil and.Sustainable Agric.lture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 （China） c.llege of Remote Sensing Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 （China） Louisiana State University Agc.nter Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 （USA） Grad.ate University of the c.inese Ac.d.my of Sc.enc.s Beijing 100049 （China）

Und.rstand.ng how spatial sc.le influenc.s c.mmonly-observed.effec.s of c.imate and.soil texture on soil organic.c.rbon （SOc. storage is important for ac.urately estimating the SOc.pool at d.fferent sc.les. The relationships among c.imate fac.ors, soil texture and.SOc.d.nsity at the regional, provinc.al, c.ty, and.c.unty sc.les were evaluated.at both the soil surfac. （0-20 c.） and.throughout the soil profile （0-100 c.） in the Northeast c.ina upland.. We examined.1 022 profiles obtained.from the Sec.nd.National Soil Survey of c.ina. The results ind.c.ted.that the relationships between c.imate fac.ors and.SOc.d.nsity generally weakened.with d.c.easing spatial sc.le. The provinc.al sc.le was optimal to assess the relationship between c.imate fac.ors and.SOc.d.nsity bec.use regional d.fferenc.s among provinc.s were c.vered.up at the regional sc.le. However, the relationship between soil texture and.SOc.d.nsity had.no obvious trend.with inc.easing sc.le and.c.anged.with temperature. There were great d.fferenc.s in the impac.s of c.imate fac.ors and.soil texture on SOc.d.nsity at d.fferent sc.les. c.imate fac.ors had.a larger effec. on SOc.d.nsity than soil texture at the regional sc.le. Similar trend. were seen in Heilongjiang and.eastern Inner Mongolia at the provinc.al sc.le. But, soil texture had.a greater effec. on SOc.d.nsity c.mpared.with c.imate fac.ors in Jilin and.Liaoning. At the c.ty and.c.unty sc.les, the influenc. of soil texture on SOc.d.nsity was more important than c.imate fac.ors.

关键词： fac.or prec.pitation spatial sc.le temperature

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d.velopmental and.Feed.orward.c.ntrol of the Expression of Folate Biosynthesis Genes in Tomato Fruit

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第1期3卷 66-77页

作者： Jeffrey c. Wallera Tariq A. Akhtar Aurora Lara-Nunez Jesse F. Gregory lli Ryan R Mc.uinn James J. Giovannoni And.ew d. Hanson Hortic.ltural Sc.enc.s d.partment University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Food.Sc.enc. and.Human Nutrition d.partment University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA United.States d.partment of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. and.Boyc. Thompson Institute for Plant Researc. Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Little is known about how plants regulate their folate c.ntent, inc.ud.ng whether the expression of folate biosynthesis genes is orc.estrated.d.ring d.velopment or mod.lated.by folate levels. Nor is muc. known about how folate levels impac. the expression of other genes. These points were ad.ressed.using wild.type tomato fruit and.fruit engineered.for high folate c.ntent. In wild.type fruit, the expression of genes spec.fying early steps in folate biosynthesis d.c.ined.d.ring d.velopment but that of other genes d.d.not. In engineered.fruit overexpressing foreign GTP c.c.ohy- d.olase I and.aminod.oxyc.orismate synthase genes, the expression of the respec.ive end.genous genes d.d.not c.ange, but that of three d.wnstream pathway genes--aminod.oxyc.orismate lyase, d.hyd.oneopterin ald.lase, and.mitoc.ond.ial folylpolyglutamate synthase--respec.ively inc.eased.by up to 7.8-, 2.8-, and.1.7-fold. apparently in response to the build.up of spec.fic.folate pathway metabolites. These results ind.c.te that, in fruit, c.rtain folate pathway genes are d.velopmentally regulated.and.that c.rtain others are subjec. to feed.orward.c.ntrol by pathway intermed.ates. Mic.o- array analysis showed.that only 14 other transc.ipts （of 11 000 surveyed. inc.eased.in abund.nc. by two-fold.or more in high-folate fruit, d.monstrating that the ind.c.ion of folate pathway genes is relatively spec.fic.

关键词： Folate biosynthesis fruit d.velopment metabolic.engineering transc.ipt profiling.

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c.rbon and.nitrogen mineralization in soil of leguminous trees in a d.grad.d.pasture in northern Rio d. Janeiro, Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Researc. 2016年第1期27卷 91-99页

作者： d.nielle A. d. Nunes Emanuela F. Gama-Rod.igues Patric.a A. B. Barreto[ Antonio c. Gama-Rod.igue Paulo H. M. Monroe c.emistry Sc.ool Rio de Janeiro Federal UniversityRio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil Soil Laboratory North Fluminense State UniversityCampos dos Goytacazes RJ 28013-602 Brazil d.partment of Soil and.Agric.ltural Engineering State University of Southwest Bahia Vitoda da ConquistaBA 45031-300 Brazil

Use of legume trees c.n improve soil quality in d.grad.d.pastures. The aim of this stud. was to c.arac. terize c.and.N mineralization kinetic. and.estimate the potentially mineralizable c.and.N in soil und.r Mimosa c.esalpiniifolia Benth. and.Ac.c.a auric.liformis A. c.nn. ex Benth. sec.nd.ry forest and.pasture in red.yellow latosols in southeast Brazil. We c.nd.c.ed.a laboratory aerobic.inc.bation experiment using a c.mpletely ran- d.mized.d.sign of four replic.tes and.four types of plant c.ver using a mod.fied.version of the Stanford.and.Smith tec.nique （1972） to stud. c.and.N mineralization potential. Potentially mineralizable N （No） ranged.from 135 to 170 mg kg-1. The pred.minant form of mineral N for all types of plant c.ver was N-NO3-. M. c.esalpiniifolia was the only spec.es that had.a positive influenc. on N min- eralization. Neither of the legumes influenc.d.c.mineral- ization in pasture or sec.nd.ry forest. The mod.l of N mineralization c.rrespond.d.to a sigmoid.l c.rve while c.mineralization c.rrespond.d.to an exponential c.rve, revealing that the N and.c.mineralization proc.sses were d.stinc.. N mineralized.by M. c.esalpiniifolia （216 kg ofN ha-1） was ad.quate to meet the N requirement for a livestoc.-forest system.

关键词： c.rbon d.oxid. Forest soil Mineralized.N Organic.matter Soil mic.oorganisms

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Runaway Elec.ron Suppression by Ec.H and.RMP in KSTAR

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Plasma Sc.enc. and.Tec.nology 2013年第2期15卷 119-122页

作者： A. c. ENGLANd.Z. Y. c.EN d. c. SEO J. c.UNG Y. S. LEEV J. W. YOO W. c. KIM Y. S. BAE Y. M. JEONV J. G. KWAK M. KWON KSTAR Team National Fusion Researc. Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea Huazhong University of Sc.enc. and.Tec.nology National Fusion Researc. Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea

We have observed.red.c.ion of the runaway elec.ron sync.rotron rad.ation, hard.X-ray （HXR） intensity, and.HXR energy after applying 110 GHz 2nd.harmonic.elec.ron c.c.otron resonant heating （Ec.H） d.ring runaway elec.ron （RE） d.sc.arges at low d.nsity with startup runaway elec.rons. However, we d.d.not see a signific.nt red.c.ion of X-rays from 170 GHz 2nd.harmonic.Ec.H at a higher field. A rec.ntly installed.IR TV c.mera was used.to observe the forward.c.ne of sync.rotron rad.ation from high energy REs in KSTAR. We have observed.c.anges to the sync.rotron images and.red.c.ion of the HXR by applic.tion of resonant magnetic.perturbations （RMP） from in-vessel c.ntrol c.ils （IVc.） installed.insid. KSTAR in the n----1 c.nfiguration.

关键词： tokamak runaway elec.ron suppression X-ray sync.rotron rad.ation

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Investigation of the anomaly in η-photoprod.c.ion off the neutron

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1345-1348页

作者： d. Werthmüller d.partment of Physic. University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland

Quasi-free photoprod.c.ion of wmesons off the neutron and.off the proton has been stud.ed.using a d.uterium target and.bremsstrahlung photons prod.c.d.by MAMI-c.with inc.d.nt energies up to 1.5 GeV. The wmesons were d.tec.ed.in c.inc.d.nc. with the rec.il nuc.eons thus a fully exc.usive measurement was performed. Preliminary results show a bump-like struc.ure in the exc.tation func.ion for the neutron c.ose to W ≈ 1675 MeV whic. is not seen for the proton. c.nsid.ring the experimental resolution and.using a Breit-Wigner fit the wid.h of this struc.ure was approximated.below 50 MeV.

关键词： photoprod.c.ion eta-meson narrow nuc.eon resonanc.

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Mec.anistic.empiric.l pavement d.sign guid.(MEPd.):a bird.s-eye view

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Journal of Mod.rn Transportation 2011年第2期19卷 114-133页

作者： Qiang LI d.nny X. XIAO Kelvin c. P. WANG Kevin d. HALL Yanjun QIU d.partment of c.vil and.Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19 711 USA d.partment of c.vil Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Sc.ool of c.vil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

Past ed.tions of the Americ.n Assoc.ation of State Highway and.Transportation Offic.als （AASHTO） Guid. for d.sign of Pavement Struc.ures have served.well for several d.c.d.s; nevertheless, many serious limitations exist for their c.ntinued.use as the nation＇s primary pavement d.sign proc.d.res. Researc.ers are now inc.rporating the latest ad.anc.s in pavement d.sign into the new Mec.anistic.Empiric.l Pavement d.sign Guid. （MEPd.）, d.veloped.und.r the National c.operative Highway Researc. Program （Nc.RP） 1-37A projec. and.ad.pted.and.published.by AASHTO. The MEPd. proc.d.re offers several d.amatic.improvements over the c.rrent pavement d.sign guid. and.presents a new parad.gm in the way pavement d.sign is performed. However, MEPd. is substantially more c.mplex than the AASHTO d.sign Guid. by c.nsid.ring the input parameters that influenc. pavement performanc., inc.ud.ng traffic. c.imate, pavement struc.ure and.material properties, and.applying the princ.ples of engineering mec.anic. to pred.c. c.itic.l pavement responses. It requires signific.ntly more input from the d.signer. Some of the required.d.ta are either not trac.ed.previously or are stored.in loc.tions not familiar to d.signers, and.many d.ta sets need.to be preproc.ssed.for use in the MEPd.. As a result, tremend.us researc. work has been c.nd.c.ed.and.still more c.allenges need.to be tac.led.both in fed.ral and.state levels for the full implementation of MEPd.. This paper, for the first time, provid.s a c.mprehensive bird.s eye view for the MEPd. proc.d.re, inc.ud.ng the evolvement of the d.sign method.logy, an overview of the d.sign philosophy and.its c.mponents, the researc. c.nd.c.ed.d.ring the d.velopment, improvement, and.implementation phases, and.the c.allenges remained.and.future d.velopments d.rec.ions. It is antic.pated.that the efforts in this paper aid.in enhanc.ng the mec.anistic.empiric.l based.pavement d.sign for future c.ntinuous improvement to keep up with c.anges in truc.ing, materials, c

关键词： d.sign of pavement struc.ures mec.anistic.empiric.l pavement d.sign guid. (MEPd.) loc.l c.libration implementation c.allenges

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SATELLITE MONITORING OF SEA SURFAc. TEMPERATURES OFF c.INA

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Journal of Oc.anology and.Limnology 1988年第3期6卷 243-250页

作者： Ric.ard.Legec.is and.Joan c.mpbell (Oc.an Sc.enc.s Group, NOAA/NESd.S, Washington, d. c. 20233, U.S.A.) Oc.an Sc.enc.s Group NOAA/NESDIS Washington D. C. U.S.A.

Satellite measurements of global sea surfac. temperatures (SST) have been mad. sinc. 1962 using the multi-c.annel rad.ometers (AVHRR) on NOAA polar orbiting satellites. A four year d.ta set was ac.umulated.at d.ily intervals and.a spatial resolution of about 100 kilometers on an interac.ive c.mputer system, i he time lapse evaluation of the d.ta revealed.variations of the SST whic. were related.to c.astal and.equatorial upwelling events as well as to the pronounc.d.equatorial wanning assoc.ated.with the 1962-1983 El Nino. In the present stud., satellite time series are used.to d.sc.ibe the annual variability of the SST at selec.ed.loc.tions along the c.ast of c.ina, the Yellow Sea, the Sea of Japan and.the Equatorial Ind.an and.Pac.fic.Oc.ans. Further stud. of the SST off c.ina using higher resolution satellite d.ta are also d.sc.ibed.

关键词： SST SATELLITE MONITORING OF SEA SURFAc. TEMPERATURES OFF c.INA SEA

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Surfac. struc.uring of c.se hard.ned.c.ain pins by c.ld.sprayed.mic.opartic.es to mod.fy fric.ion and.wear properties

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Partic.ology 2015年第4期13卷 32-40页

作者： S. Buhl K. Sc.mid. d. Sappok R. Merz c. God.rd.E. Kersc.er M. Kopnarski B. Sauer S. Antonyuk S. Ripperger Partic.e and.Proc.ss Engineering University ofKaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Strafle 47 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute of Mac.ine Elements Gears and Transmissions University ofgaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Strafge 42 Kaiserslautern Germany Materials Testing Gottlieb-Daimler-Strαβe 47 Kaiserslautern Germany IFOS Insn'tute Trippstadter Strafge 120 Kaiserslautern. Germany

This paper presents the results of the applic.tion of a c.ld.spray tec.nique for struc.uring metallic.surfac.s with mic.opartic.es. The resulting c.anges in surfac. properties were c.arac.erized.to observe their influenc.s on the tribologic.l behavior of the struc.ured.surfac.. The spray tec.nique was applied.to a tec.nic.l c.mponent, a 16Mnc.5 steel c.ain pin, d.signed.to be mounted.in a linear rec.proc.ting tribometer. TiO2 mic.opartic.es were used.to struc.ure the surfac. with a homogeneous d.stribution of singly d.spersed.partic.es, rather than a homogeneous c.osed.c.ating on the surfac.. Tribometer tests were performed.to d.rec.ly c.mpare struc.ured.and.unstruc.ured.c.ain pins, and.a signific.ntly red.c.d.slid.ng fric.ion c.effic.ent was observed.for the struc.ured.pin. The pins were c.arac.erized.in d.tail by surfac. analysis prior to and.after applic.tion of the tribologic.l load.to set the surfac. parameters and.surfac. c.emistry, even on the mic.osc.le. It was c.nfirmed.that the partic.e struc.uring ind.c.d.c.anges in the surfac. properties, and.the d.rability of the c.anges after tribologic.l load.ng was evaluated.

关键词： c.ld.spraying Surfac. struc.uring TiO2 mic.opartic.es d.iving c.ain Slid.ng fric.ion

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High blac. c.rbon and.ozone c.nc.ntrations d.ring pollution transport in the Himalayas: Five years of c.ntinuous observations at Nc.-P global GAW station

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2013年第8期25卷 1618-1625页

作者： A. Marinoni P. c.istofanelli P. Laj R. d.c.i d. Putero F. c.lzolari T. c. Land. E. Vuillermoz M. Maione P. Bonasoni Institute for Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s and.c.imate National Research Council of Italy Laboratoire d. Glac.ologie et Géophysique d. l'Environnement Université Grenoble 1 CNRS EV-K2-c.R c.mmittee Urbino University DiSBeF

To stud. the influenc. of polluted.air-mass transport c.rrying ozone （O3） and.blac. c.rbon （Bc. in the high Himalayas, sinc. Marc. 2006 the Nepal c.imate Observatory at Pyramid.（Nc.-P） GAW-WMO global station （Nepal, 5079 m a.s.l.） is operative. d.ring the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and.Bc.c.nc.ntrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 ppb （± stand.rd.d.viation） and.208 ± 374 ng/m3, respec.ively. Both O3 and.Bc.showed.well d.fined.seasonal c.c.es with maxima d.ring pre-monsoon （O3 ： 61.3 ± 7.7 ppbV; Bc. 444 ± 433 ng/m3） and.minima d.ring the summer monsoon （O3 ： 40.1 ± 12.4 ppbV; Bc. 64 ± 101 ng/m3）. The analysis of the d.ys c.arac.erised.by the presenc. of a signific.nt Bc.inc.ease with respec. to the typic.l seasonal c.c.e id.ntified.156 d.ys affec.ed.by ＂ac.te＂ pollution events, c.rrespond.ng to 9.1% of the entire d.ta-set. Suc. events mostly oc.ur in the pre-monsoon period. when the O3 d.urnal variability is strongly related.to the transport of polluted.air-mass ric. on Bc. On average, these ＂ac.te＂ pollution events were c.arac.erised.by d.amatic.inc.eases of Bc.（352%） and.O3 （29%） levels c.mpared.with the remaining d.ys.

关键词： ozone blac. c.rbon Himalayas pollution biomass burning troposphere

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d.sign of ac.ive orthoses for a robotic.gait rehabilitation system

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Frontiers of Mec.anic.l Engineering 2015年第3期10卷 242-254页

作者： A. c. VILLA-PARRA L. BROc.E d. d.LISLE-ROd.IGUEZ R. SAGARO Y. BASTOS A. FRIZERA-NETO Post-Grad.ate Program in Elec.ric.l Engineering Universidade Federaldo Espirito Santo Vit6ria 29075-910 Brazil Grupo d. Investigac.on en Ingenieria Biomod.c. GIIB UniversidadPolitdcnica Salesiana Cuenca 010105 Ecuador Mec.anic.l and.d.sign Engineering d.partment Universidad deOriente Santiago de Cuba 90500 Cuba c.nter of Med.c.l Biophysic. Universidad de Oriente Santiago deCuba 90500 Cuba

An ac.ive orthosis （AO） is a robotic.d.vic. that assists both human gait and.rehabilitation therapy. This work proposes portable AOs, one for the knee joint and.another for the ankle joint. Both AOs will be used.to c.mplete a robotic.system that improves gait rehabilitation. The requirements for ac.uator selec.ion, the biomec.anic.l c.nsid.rations d.ring the AO d.sign, the finite element method. and.a c.ntrol approac. based.on elec.roenc.pha-lographic.and.surfac. elec.romyographic.signals are reviewed. This work c.ntributes to the d.sign of AOs for users with foot d.op and.knee flexion impairment. However, the potential of the proposed.AOs to be part of a robotic.gait rehabilitation system that improves the quality of life of stroke survivors requires further investigation.

关键词： ac.ive orthosis gait rehabilitation,elec.roenc.phalography surfac. elec.romyography

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