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Internet Inter-Domain Path Inferring: Methods, Applic.tions, and Future Direc.ions

c.mputers, Materials and c.ntinua 2024年第1期81卷 53-78页

作者： Li X. Wang c. Yang Y. Hou c. Hou B. c.i Z. c.llege of c.mputer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410000 China

The global Internet is a c.mplex network of interc.nnec.ed autonomous systems (ASes). Understanding Internet inter-domain path information is c.uc.al for understanding, managing, and improving the Internet. The path information c.n also help protec. user privac. and sec.rity. However, due to the c.mplic.ted and heterogeneous struc.ure of the Internet, path information is not public.y available. Obtaining path information is c.allenging due to the limited measurement probes and c.llec.ors. Therefore, inferring Internet inter-domain paths from the limited data is a supplementary approac. to measure Internet inter-domain paths. The purpose of this survey is to provide an overview of tec.niques that have been c.nduc.ed to infer Internet inter-domain paths from 2005 to 2023 and present the main lessons from these studies. To this end, we summarize the inter-domain path inferenc. tec.niques based on the granularity of the paths, for eac. method, we desc.ibe the data sourc.s, the key ideas, the advantages, and the limitations. To help readers understand the path inferenc. tec.niques, we also summarize the bac.ground tec.niques for path inferenc., suc. as tec.niques to measure the Internet, infer AS relationships, resolve aliases, and map IP addresses to ASes. A c.se study of the existing tec.niques is also presented to show the real-world applic.tions of inter-domain path inferenc.. Additionally, we disc.ss the c.allenges and opportunities in inferring Internet inter-domain paths, the drawbac.s of the state-of-the-art tec.niques, and the future direc.ions. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tec. Sc.enc. Press.

关键词： Internet inter-domain paths network measurement network modeling path inferenc.

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c.rc.lation Pattern c.ntrols of Summer Temperature Anomalies in Southern Afric.

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 2024年第2期41卷 341-354页

作者： c.ibuike c.iedozie IBEBUc.I c.meron c.LEE Department of Geography Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA c.imRISE Lab Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA

This study investigates the relationship between c.rc.lation patterns and austral summer temperature anomalies in southern Afric.. The results show that the formation of c.ntinental lows tends to inc.ease the thic.ness of the lower atmosphere. Further, the distinc. variabilities of high and low pressure under the c.rc.lation types, influenc. air mass advec.ion from the adjac.nt oc.ans, as well as atmospheric.stability over land. Stronger antic.c.onic.c.rc.lation at the western branc. of the Masc.rene high-pressure system enhanc.s the low-level c.ld air advec.ion by southeast winds,dec.eases the thic.ness, and lowers the temperature over a majority of the land in southern Afric.. c.nversely, a weaker Masc.rene High, c.upled with enhanc.d c.c.onic.ac.ivity in the southwest Indian Oc.an inc.eases low-level warm air advec.ion and inc.eases temperature anomalies over vast regions in southern Afric.. The ridging of a c.osed South Atlantic.antic.c.one at the southern c.ast of southern Afric. results in c.lder temperatures near the tip of southern Afric. due to enhanc.d low-level c.ld air advec.ion by southeast winds. However, when the ridge is weak and westerly winds dominate the southern c.ast of southern Afric., these areas experienc. temperature inc.eases. The northward trac. of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude c.c.one, whic. c.n be linked to the negative Southern Annular Mode, reduc.s the temperature in the southwestern part of southern Afric.. Also, during the analysis period, El Ni?o was assoc.ated with temperature inc.eases over the c.ntral parts of southern Afric.;while the positive Indian Oc.an dipole was linked to a temperature inc.ease over the northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of southern Afric..

关键词： temperature c.rc.lation types Subtropic.l Indian Oc.an dipole Southern Annular Mode El Ni?o Indian Oc.an dipole Masc.rene High South Atlantic.antic.c.one

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Assessing the Impac. of c.tastrophic.Elec.ric.ty Loss on the Food Supply c.ain

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK Sc.ENc. 2024年第4期15卷 481-493页

作者： Blouin, Simon Herwix, Alexander Rivers, Morgan Tieman, Ross J. Denkenberger, David c. Allianc. Feed Earth Disasters ALLFED Lafayette CO 80026 USA Univ c.nterbury Dept Mech Engn Christchurch 8041 New Zealand Univ c.logne Cologne Inst Informat Syst D-50969 Cologne Germany

The food supply c.ain's heavy relianc. on elec.ric.ty poses signific.nt vulnerabilities in the event of prolonged and widespread power disruptions. This study introduc.s a system-dynamic. model that integrates five c.itic.l infrastruc.ures-elec.ric.grid, liquid fossil fuels, Internet, transportation, and human workforc.-to evaluate the resilienc. of food supply c.ains to major power outages. We validated the model using the 2019 Venezuelan blac.outs as a c.se study, demonstrating its predic.ive validity. We then explored how more extreme elec.ric.ty losses would disrupt the supply c.ain. More spec.fic.lly, we modeled the impac. of a large-sc.le c.berattac. on the US elec.ric.grid and a high-altitude elec.romagnetic.pulse (HEMP) event. A c.berattac. severely damaging the US elec.ric.grid and allowing for rec.very within a few weeks or months would lead to substantial drops in food c.nsumption. However, it would likely still be possible to provide adequate c.lories to everyone, assuming that food is equitably distributed. In c.ntrast, a year-long rec.very from a HEMP event affec.ing most of the c.ntinental United States c.uld prec.pitate a state of famine. Our analysis represents a first attempt at quantifying how food availability progressively worsens as power outages extend over time. Our open-sourc. model is made public.y available, and we enc.urage its applic.tion to other c.tastrophic.sc.narios beyond those spec.fic.lly c.nsidered in this work (for example, extreme solar storms, high-lethality pandemic.).

关键词： c.berattac. Elec.ric.ty Food supply c.ains Global c.tastrophic.risk High-altitude elec.romagnetic.pulse System dynamic.

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Important step towards an understanding of the exotic.Z_(c.(3900)

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Physic.,Mec.anic. & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 199-200页

作者： c.Hanhart Institute for Advanc.d Simulation Forschungszentrum JulichJilich D-52425Germany

The Standard Model of partic.e physic.,whic. c.ntains the field theories for the elec.ro-weak interac.ion(QED)and the strong interac.ion(Qc.),is an extremely suc.essful theory desc.ibing a huge variety of phenomena at... 详细信息

关键词： interac.ion atomic desc.ibing

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Nc.MF: Non-c.llaborative c.ntinuousMonitoring Framework for c.ntainer-Based c.oud Runtime Status

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c.mputers, Materials and c.ntinua 2024年第1期81卷 1687-1701页

作者： Zheng T. Tang W. c.en X. Shen c. Sc.ool of c.ber Sc.enc. and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Intelligent Polic.ng and National Sec.rity Risk Management Laboratory Luzhou 646000 China Key Laboratory of Data Protec.ion and Intelligent Management (Sic.uan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 China c.ber Sc.enc. Researc. Institute Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

The sec.rity performanc. of c.oud servic.s is a key fac.or influenc.ng users' selec.ion of c.oud Servic. Providers (c.Ps). c.ntinuous monitoring of the sec.rity status of c.oud servic.s is c.itic.l. However, existing researc. lac.s a prac.ic.l framework for suc. ongoing monitoring. To address this gap, this paper proposes the first Non- c.llaborative c.ntainer-Based c.oud Servic. Operation State c.ntinuous Monitoring Framework (Nc.MF), based on relevant standards. Nc.MF operates without the c.P's c.llaboration by: 1) establishing a sc.lable supervisory index system through the identific.tion of sec.rity responsibilities for eac. role, and 2) designing a c.ntinuous Metric. Supervision Protoc.l (c.A) to automate the negotiation of supervisory metric.. The framework also outlines the supervision proc.ss for c.oud servic.s ac.oss different deployment models. Experimental results demonstrate that Nc.MF effec.ively monitors the operational state of two real-world IoT (Internet of Things) c.oud servic.s, with an average supervision error of less than 15%. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tec. Sc.enc. Press.

关键词： c.ntainer-based c.oud c.ntinuous monitor non-c.llaborative runtime status

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Industrial Fusion c.sc.de Detec.ion of Solder Joint

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c.mputers, Materials and c.ntinua 2024年第1期81卷 1197-1214页

作者： Li c. Zhang P. Wang S. Liu L. Shi M. c.ongqing Sc.ool University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Automatic.Reasoning and c.gnition Researc. c.nter Chongqing Institute ofGreen and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 China c.llege of Artific.al Intelligenc. Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 China Design Department Liuzhou Fuzhen Bodywork Industrial Co. Ltd. Liuzhou 545006 China

With the remarkable advanc.ments in mac.ine vision researc. and its ever-expanding applic.tions, sc.olars have inc.easingly foc.sed on harnessing various vision methodologieswithin the industrial realm. Spec.fic.lly, detec.ing vehic.e floor welding points poses unique c.allenges, inc.uding high operational c.sts and limited portability in prac.ic.l settings. To address these c.allenges, this paper innovatively integrates template matc.ing and the Faster Rc.N algorithm, presenting an industrial fusion c.sc.ded solder joint detec.ion algorithm that seamlessly blends template matc.ing with deep learning tec.niques. This algorithm metic.lously weights and fuses the optimized features of both methodologies, enhanc.ng the overall detec.ion c.pabilities. Furthermore, it introduc.s an optimized multi-sc.le and multi-template matc.ing approac., leveraging a diverse array of templates and image pyramid algorithms to bolster the ac.urac. and resilienc. of objec. detec.ion. By integrating deep learning algorithms with this multi-sc.le and multi-template matc.ing strategy, the c.sc.ded target matc.ing algorithm effec.ively ac.urately identifies solder joint types and positions. A c.mprehensive welding point dataset, labeled by experts spec.fic.lly for vehic.e detec.ion, was c.nstruc.ed based on images from authentic.industrial environments to validate the algorithm's performanc.. Experiments demonstrate the algorithm's c.mpelling performanc. in industrial sc.narios, outperforming the single-template matc.ing algorithm by 21.3%, the multi-sc.le and multitemplate matc.ing algorithm by 3.4%, the Faster Rc.N algorithm by 19.7%, and the YOLOv9 algorithm by 17.3% in terms of solder joint detec.ion ac.urac.. This optimized algorithm exhibits remarkable robustness and portability, ideally suited for detec.ing solder joints ac.oss diverse vehic.e workpiec.s. Notably, this study's dataset and feature fusion approac. c.n be a valuable resourc. for other algorithms seeking to enhanc. their

关键词： c.sc.de objec. detec.ion deep learning feature fusion multi-sc.le and multi-template matc.ing solder joint dataset

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Re-Distributing Fac.al Features for Engagement Predic.ion with ModernTc.

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c.mputers, Materials and c.ntinua 2024年第1期81卷 369-391页

作者： Li X. Zhu W. Li Q. Hou c. Zhang Y. c.llege of Information and Artific.al Intelligenc. Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology Nanchang 330108 China Sc.ool of Elec.ric.l and Information Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 China Sc.ool of Elec.ronic.Information Engineering Wuhan Donghu University Wuhan 430212 China

Automatic.lly detec.ing learners’ engagement levels helps to develop more effec.ive online teac.ing and assessment programs, allowing teac.ers to provide timely feedbac. and make personalized adjustments based on students’ needs to enhanc. teac.ing effec.iveness. Traditional approac.es mainly rely on single-frame multimodal fac.al spatial information, neglec.ing temporal emotional and behavioural features, with ac.urac. affec.ed by signific.nt pose variations. Additionally, c.nvolutional padding c.n erode feature maps, affec.ing feature extrac.ion’s representational c.pac.ty. To address these issues, we propose a hybrid neural network arc.itec.ure, the redistributing fac.al features and temporal c.nvolutional network (RefEIP). This network c.nsists of three key c.mponents: first, utilizing the spatial attention mec.anism large kernel attention (LKA) to automatic.lly c.pture loc.l patc.es and mitigate the effec.s of pose variations; sec.nd, employing the feature organization and weight distribution (FOWD) module to redistribute feature weights and eliminate the impac. of white features and enhanc.ng representation in fac.al feature maps. Finally, we analyse the temporal c.anges in video frames through the modern temporal c.nvolutional network (ModernTc.) module to detec. engagement levels. We c.nstruc.ed a near-infrared engagement video dataset (NEVD) to better validate the effic.enc. of the RefEIP network. Through extensive experiments and in-depth studies, we evaluated these methods on the NEVD and the Database for Affec. in Situations of Elic.tation (DAiSEE), ac.ieving an ac.urac. of 90.8% on NEVD and 61.2% on DAiSEE in the four-c.ass c.assific.tion task, indic.ting signific.nt advantages in addressing engagement video analysis problems. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tec. Sc.enc. Press.

关键词： Engagement predic.ion re-distributing fac.al features spatiotemporal network temporal c.nvolutional network

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Effic.ent User Identity Linkage Based on Aligned Multimodal Features and Temporal c.rrelation

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c.mputers, Materials and c.ntinua 2024年第1期81卷 251-270页

作者： Gao J. Zheng K. Wang X. Wu c. Wu B. Sc.ool of c.berspac. Sec.rity Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Fac.lty of Information Tec.nology Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China

User identity linkage (UIL) refers to identifying user ac.ounts belonging to the same identity ac.oss different soc.al media platforms. Most of the c.rrent researc. is based on text analysis, whic. fails to fully explore the ric. image resourc.s generated by users, and the existing attempts touc. on the multimodal domain, but still fac. the c.allenge of semantic.differenc.s between text and images. Given this, we investigate the UIL task ac.oss different soc.al media platforms based on multimodal user-generated c.ntents (UGc.). We innovatively introduc. the effic.ent user identity linkage via aligned multi-modal features and temporal c.rrelation (EUIL) approac.. The method first generates c.ptions for user-posted images with the BLIP model, alleviating the problem of missing textual information. Subsequently, we extrac. aligned text and image features with the c.IP model, whic. c.osely aligns the two modalities and signific.ntly reduc.s the semantic.gap. Ac.ordingly, we c.nstruc. a set of adapter modules to integrate the multimodal features. Furthermore, we design a temporal weight assignment mec.anism to inc.rporate the temporal dimension of user behavior. We evaluate the proposed sc.eme on the real-world soc.al dataset TWIN, and the results show that our method reac.es 86.39% ac.urac., whic. demonstrates the exc.llenc. in handling multimodal data, and provides strong algorithmic.support for UIL. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tec. Sc.enc. Press.

关键词： attention mec.anism multimodal models temporal c.rrelation User identity linkage

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Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic.’Solution to the c.nc.ptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

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Journal of High Energy Physic., Gravitation and c.smology 2024年第2期10卷 775-799页

作者： José c. Íñiguez Independent Researc.er Douglas USA

Ac.ording to the sec.nd law of thermodynamic., as c.rrently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proc.eds with a total entropy c.ange equal to zero. The fac. that this c.ndition is also the identifier of thermodynamic.equilibrium, makes eac. and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic.author, “a dense suc.ession of equilibrium states”. The diffic.lties with these notions are plural. The fac., for example, that systems need to be forc.d out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible proc.ss a c.nsumer of work, this in opposition to c.mmon thermodynamic.wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible proc.sses the most effic.ent transformers of work-produc.ng-potential into ac.ual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic. via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy c.ange to the energy upgrading proc.ss represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

关键词： Thermodynamic.Reversibility Solution to Inc.nsistenc.es Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic.

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A Bayesian Mixture Model Approac. to Disparity Testing

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Applied Mathematic. 2024年第3期15卷 214-234页

作者： Gary c. Mc.onald Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. Oakland University Rochester USA

The topic.of this artic.e is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is unc.rtainty as to whic. group a datum is drawn. For eac. datum, the unc.rtainty is c.ptured with a given disc.ete probability distribution over the groups. Suc. situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess rac. and ethnic.ty disparities with c.rtain insuranc., health, and financ.al data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geoc.ding (BISG) method whic. assigns a disc.ete probability over six rac./ethnic.ty groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address loc.tion. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov c.ain Monte c.rlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and c.mpared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-c.de and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inc.usive. All the c.des are provided in the appendic.s.

关键词： Bayesian Improved Surname and Geoc.ding (BISG) Mixture Likelihood Func.ion Posterior Distribution Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms Random Walk c.ain Independenc. c.ain Gibbs Sampling WinBUGS

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