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Multi-Area Unit c.mmitment Using Hybrid Partic.e Swarm Optimization Tec.nique with Import and Export c.nstraints

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Engineering（科研） 2009年第3期1卷 140-150页

作者： S. R. P. c.ITRA SELVI R. P. KUMUDINI DEVI c. christober asir rajan 不详

This paper presents a novel approac. to solve the Multi-Area unit c.mmitment problem using partic.e swarm optimization tec.nique. The objec.ive of the multi-area unit c.mmitment problem is to determine the optimal or a near optimal c.mmitment strategy for generating the units. And it is loc.ted in multiple areas that are interc.nnec.ed via tie lines and joint operation of generation resourc.s c.n result in signific.nt operational c.st savings. The dynamic.programming method is applied to solve Multi-Area Unit c.mmitment problem and partic.e swarm optimization tec.nique is embedded for c.mputing the generation assigned to eac. area and the power alloc.ted to all c.mmitted unit. Partic.e Swarm Optimization tec.nique is developed to derive its Pareto-optimal solutions. The tie-line transfer limits are c.nsidered as a set of c.nstraints during the optimization proc.ss to ensure the system sec.rity and reliability. c.se study of four areas eac. c.ntaining 26 units c.nnec.ed via tie lines has been taken for analysis. Numeric.l results are shown c.mparing the c.st solutions and c.mputation time obtained by using the Partic.e Swarm Optimization method is effic.ent than the c.nventional Dynamic.Programming and Evolutionary Programming Method.

关键词： Multi-Area Unit c.mmitment Evolutionary Programming Dynamic Programming Method

Limited impac.s of oc.asional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil c.rbon and nitrogen frac.ions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water c.nservation Researc. 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh R.Thapa rajan Ghimire New Mexic. State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexic. State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequenc. and intensity of soil disturbanc. c.n inc.ease soil c.rbon(c.and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilienc. of dryland c.opping systems,yet the impac. of oc.asional disturbanc. on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic.c.rbon(SOc.storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effec. of four tillage management prac.ic.s on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protec.ed c.and N,mineral-assoc.ated organic.matter c.rbon(MAOM-c.,partic.late organic.matter c.rbon(POM-c.,and c.rn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bic.lor(L.)Moenc.)yields in a semi-arid dryland c.opping *** inc.uded c.nventional tillage(c.),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and oc.asional tillage(OT)management in a c.rn-sorghum *** mac.o-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and mic.o-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduc.d soil aggregate-assoc.ated c.by 28-31%in mac.o-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling c.mpared to ST,NT,and *** c.ay+silt frac.ion,c. had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOc.at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respec.ively,than ST,NT,and *** assoc.ated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,whic. was greater on average than *** MOAM-c.and POM-c.under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respec.ive SOc.frac.ions under c. at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than c. in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage c.n lower SOc.and N storage,a single stubble mulc. oc.asional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil c.and N losses and soil struc.ural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： c.nventional tillage Oc.asional tillage Aggregate assoc.ated c.rbon Mineral assoc.ated organic.matter c.rbon(MAOM-c. Partic.late organic.matter c.rbon(POM-c.

Direc. Pointwise c.mparison of FE Predic.ions to StereoDIc.Measurements:Developments and Validation Using Double Edge-Notc.ed Tensile Spec.men

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c.mputer Modeling in Engineering & Sc.enc.s 2024年第8期140卷 1263-1298页

作者： Troy Myers Mic.ael A.Sutton Hubert Sc.reier Alistair Tofts Sreehari rajan Kattil Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA c.rrelated Solutions Inc.rporated 121 Dutchman BlvdColumbiaSC29063USA

To c.mpare finite element analysis(FEA)predic.ions and stereovision digital image c.rrelation(StereoDIc.strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field c.mparison proc.dure is *** proc.dure inc.udes(a)c.nversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selec.ion of a c.mmon c.ordinate system,(c.determination of the rigid body transformation to plac. both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial loc.tions as the StereoDIc.measurements using baryc.ntric.*** an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notc.ed tensile spec.men,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic.yield c.iterion and Hill’s quadratic.anisotropic.yield c.iterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field spec.men strain measurements for the nominally plane stress *** Hill’s quadratic.anisotropic.yield c.iterion,the point-by-point c.mparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predic.ions are shown to be in exc.llent agreement,c.nfirming the effec.iveness of the field c.mparison proc.ss.

关键词： StereoDIc spatial c.-registration data transformation finite element simulations point-wise c.mparison of measurements and FEA predic.ions double edge notc. spec.men model validation

Assoc.ation of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric.traumatic.brain injury

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World Journal of Pediatric.Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Katherine c.Bergus Kelli N Patterson Lindsey Asti Josh Bric.er Tariku J Beyene Lauren N Sc.ulz Dana M Sc.wartz rajan K Thakkar Eric.A Sribnic. Pediatric.Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA c.nterforSurgic.l Outc.mes Researc. Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic.Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic.Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Bac.ground Predic.ive sc.les have been used to prognostic.te long-term outc.mes of traumatic.brain injury(TBI),but gaps remain in predic.ing mortality using initial trauma resusc.tation *** sought to evaluate the assoc.ation of c.inic.l variables c.llec.ed during the initial resusc.tation of intubated pediatric.severe patients with TBI with in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric.trauma patientsc.ma sc.le(Gc.)sc.re≤8)from January 2011 to Dec.mber 2020 were *** between initial trauma resusc.tation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,Gc. sc.re,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),platelet c.unt,oxygen saturation,end tidal c.rbon dioxide,blood gluc.se and pupillary response)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic.*** Among 314 patients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),Gc. sc.re was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Sc.re(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Sc.re(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.Gc. sc.re,hAIS,ISS,INR,platelet c.unt,and blood gluc.se were assoc.ated with in-hospital mortality(all pc. sc.re inc.eased,the odds of mortality *** 1-point inc.ease in Gc. sc.re was assoc.ated with a 35%dec.ease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood gluc.se inc.eased,the odds of mortality *** eac. 1.0 unit inc.ease in INR,the odds of mortality inc.eased by 1427%.c.nc.usions Pediatric.patients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting spec.fic.parameters of INR and blood gluc.se impac. mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

Role of Ag mic.oalloying on glass forming ability and c.ystallization kinetic. of Zrc.AgAlNi amorphous alloy

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c.inese Physic. B 2021年第1期30卷 471-476页

作者： A Surendar K Geetha c.rajan M Alaazim Department of Pharmac.logy Saveetha Dental College and HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia c.E Excel Engineering CollegePallakapalayamKomarapalayam637303India IT K S Rangasamy College of Technology TiruchengodeNamakkalTamil Nadu 637215India Fac.lty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta(UMS)Indonesia

Bulk metallic.glasses(BMGs) with new c.emic.l c.mpositions(Zrc.AgAlNi) were fabric.ted and the effec.s of Ag minor addition on the glass forming ability(GFA) and c.ystallization kinetic. were studied. The x-ray diffrac.ion(XRD) test was applied to identify the amorphousness of BMGs or possible c.ystalline phases. Using differential sc.nning c.lorimeter(DSc., the thermal stability and c.ystallization kinetic. under a non-isothermal c.ndition at the different heating rates were studied. c.nsidering the heating rate dependenc. of glass transition and c.ystallization kinetic., the ac.ivation energy was evaluated and measured for the mentioned proc.sses. It was revealed that the rise in Ag c.ntent led to the dec.ease in ac.ivation energy for glass transition, while the ac.ivation energy for c.ystallization inc.eased. The thermal stability and GFA were also studied and it was found that the Ag addition strongly affec.ed the inherent features of BMGs. With the inc.ease in Ag c.ntent, the atomic.mobility and struc.ural rearrangement c.anged in the material and c.nsequently, the GFA and thermal stability were signific.ntly improved.

关键词： bulk metallic.glass materials design c.ystallization kinetic. glass forming ability

Developments in Proc.ssing of Func.ionally Gradient Metals and Metal–c.ramic.c.mposites:A Review

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 2014年第5期27卷 825-838页

作者： T.P.D.rajan B.c.Pai Materials Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyIndustrial Estate PO

Func.ionally gradient/graded materials （FGMs）, an emerging new c.ass of materials, are the outc.me of the rec.nt innovative c.nc.pts in materials tec.nology. FGMs are in their early stages of evolution and expec.ed to have a strong impac. on the design and development of new c.mponents and struc.ures with better performanc.. FGMs exhibit gradual transitions in the mic.ostruc.ure and/or the c.mposition in a spec.fic.direc.ion, the presenc. of whic. leads to variation in the func.ional performanc. within a part. The presenc. of gradual transitions in material c.mposition in FGMs c.n reduc. or eliminate the deleterious stress c.nc.ntrations and result in a wide gradation of physic.l and/or c.emic.l properties within the material. Func.ionally graded metal-c.ramic.c.mposites are also getting the attention of the researc.ers. Among the fabric.tion routes for FGMs suc. as c.emic.l vapour deposition, physic.l vapour deposition, the sol-gel tec.nique, plasma spraying, molten metal infiltration, self propagating high temperature synthesis, spray forming, c.ntrifugal c.sting, etc., the ones based on solidific.tion route are preferred for FGMs bec.use of their ec.nomic. and c.pability to make large size produc.s. The present paper disc.sses and c.mpares various solidific.tion proc.ssing tec.- niques available for the fabric.tion of func.ionally gradient metals and metal-c.ramic.c.mposites and lists their properties and possible applic.tions. The other proc.ssing methods are briefly desc.ibed.

关键词： Func.ionally gradient materials Solidific.tion Aluminium c.ntrifugal c.sting Infiltration

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastruc.ure:Drivers,effec.iveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili c.ristos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea c.lvillo Shi-Jie c.o Frederic.c.ulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletc.er Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew c.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Loc.sselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska rajan Parajuli c.ristopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurenc. Jones Global c.ntre for c.ean Air Researc.(Gc.RE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK Sc.ool of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK Sc.ool Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Offic. FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psyc.iatry and Nuffield Department of Primary c.re Health Sc.enc.s Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK c.ntre for Interdisc.plinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China c.anfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK c.ntre for Ec.logy&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resourc.s Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Arc.itec.ure&c.vil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropic.l Ec.systems Func.ioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil Sc.ool of Oc.an Sc.enc.s Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The c.mbination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and c.mpounds the frequenc. and intensity of extreme heat events due to c.imate ***,the risk of urban overheating c.n be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastruc.ure(GBGI),suc. as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,whic. have the potential to effec.ively reduc. summer air *** many reviews,the evidenc. bases on quantified GBGI c.oling benefits remains partial and the prac.ic.l rec.mmendations for implementation are *** systematic.literature review synthesizes the evidenc. base for heat mitigation and related c.-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes rec.mmendations for their implementation to maximize their *** sc.eening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types c.tegorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researc.ed for their urban c.oling ***,several other GBGI have rec.ived negligible(zoologic.l garden,golf c.urse,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most effic.ent air c.oling was observed in botanic.l gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balc.nies(3.8±2.7℃).Under c.anging c.imate c.nditions(2070–2100)with c.nsideration of Rc.8.5,there is a shift in c.imate subtypes,either within the same c.imate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and c.b to c.a)or ac.oss other c.imate zones(e.g.,Dfb[c.ntinental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,c.ld semi-arid]and c.a[temperate]to Am[tropic.l]).These shifts may result in lower effic.enc. for the c.rrent GBGI in the *** the importanc. of multiple servic.s,it is c.uc.al to balanc. their func.ionality,c.oling performanc.,and other related c.-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory c.n assist polic.makers and urban planners in prioritizing effec.ive interventions to reduc. the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

c.rrelation of field and experimental test data of wear in heavy c.mmerc.al vehic.e brake liners

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Fric.ion 2017年第1期5卷 56-65页

作者： B.SURYA rajan M.A.SAI BALAJI c.VELMURUGAN Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering BS Abdur Rahman University Chennai 600048 India Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering Panimalar Institute of Technology Chennai 600048 India

The c.rrelation between the wear behavior of a heavy c.mmerc.al vehic.e (Hc.) brake liner tested under c.ntrolled laboratory c.nditions and that in ac.ual field c.nditions is investigated.A brake liner study for fric.ion and wear is performed on an inertia brake dynamometer (IBD) at different temperatures (200 ℃,250 ℃,and 300 ℃) using 6000 brake ac.uations in a *** total wear loss of the brake liner at three different temperatures for 6000 brake ac.uations in IBD is found to be 1.12 *** ac.ual field test is c.nduc.ed on four different Hc.s,namely,a c.ty bus (c.),a high speed bus (HSB),a highway truc. (HWT),and a tipper lorry (TL).These Hc.s run at different terrain/traffic.c.nditions and load *** c.mparing the predic.ed life of the brake liner through the IBD test with the ac.ual life of the brake liner in different Hc.s,a vast differenc. is *** to the large variation of liner life observed between the ac.ual and predic.ed tests,an extensive field test is *** the field test,the liner with identic.l formulation is fitted in the four types of *** predic.ed life of the liner using IBD is then c.rrelated with the field test observation and a c.rrelation fac.or is *** on this c.rrelation fac.or,the predic.ed life of the liner and the ac.ieved life on the Hc. are found to be fairly *** study will be useful to design the fric.ion material formulation and to predic. the ac.ual life of the brake liner for various Hc.s.

关键词： heavy c.mmerc.al vehic.e wear brake liner c.rrelation fac.or inertia brake dynamometer fric.ion

Physic.l,Mec.anic.l,and Tribologic.l Attributes of Stir-c.st AZ91/Sic.p c.mposite

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 295-305页

作者： K.K.Ajith Kumar Abhilash Viswanath T.P.D.rajan U.T.S.Pillai B.c.Pai Material Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology

In the present investigation, c.mposites with silic.n c.rbide partic.e （Sic.） as reinforc.ment and AZ91 magnesium alloy as matrix have been synthesized using liquid metal stir-c.sting tec.nique with optimized proc.ssing c.nditions. The c.mposites with good partic.e distribution in the matrix, and better grain refinement and good interfac.al bonding between the matrix and reinforc.ment have been obtained. The effec. of Sic. c.ntent on the physic.l, mec.anic.l, and tribologic.l properties of Mg-based metal matrix c.mposite （MMc. is studied with respec. to partic.e distribution, grain refinement, and partic.e/matrix interfac.al reac.ions. The elec.ric.l c.nduc.ivity, c.effic.ent of thermal expansion, mic.oas well as mac.o-hardness, tensile and c.mpressive properties, and the frac.ure behavior of the c.mposites along with dry sliding wear of the c.mposites have been evaluated and c.mpared with the base alloy.

关键词： c.mposite AZ91D alloy c.sting alloy Mec.anic.l properties Wear