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2006年

作者： John c. wells

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Ac.ents of English

Accents of English

Diurnal SST warming in the Bay of Bisc.y:satellite measurements and model predic.ion

1982年

作者： John c. wells

The first c.mprehensive study of how English is pronounc.d by different people in different plac.s. It provides an integrated and unified framework for existing sc.olarly treatments of regional forms of speec. and mak...

ISBN: (纸本)9780521246484

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Ac.a Oc.anologic. Sinic. 1999年第2期18卷 167-176页

作者： Huang Weigen I. S. Robinson and N. c. wells 1. Sec.nd Institute of Oc.anography, State Oc.anic.Administration, Hangzhou 310012, c.ina 2. Oc.anography Department, Southampton University, Southampton SO9 5HN, UK (Rec.ived Dec.mber 9, 1997 ac.epted June 12 Sec.nd Institute of Oc.anography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Oc.anography Department Southampton University Southampton SO9 5HN United Kingdom

NOAA AVHRR data from the Bay of Bisc.y between 1988 and 1990 have been examined in order to extrac. information on the fluc.uations of sea surfac. temperature (SST) at the diurnal time sc.le. The temporal and spatial distributions of diurnal warming in the area are obtained. The diurnal warming oc.urs during the summer months. Large diurnal warming in exc.ss of 1℃ is found within 100 km along the west c.ast of Franc. and within 30 km along the north c.ast of Spain. In the c.ntral Bay of Bisc.y the diurnal warming is typic.lly about 0.5℃. The diurnal warming up to 6℃ is observed oc.asionally in the c.astal areas where the wind speed is very low. A one-dimensional oc.anic.mixed-layer model has been used to simulate the diurnal warming. The results demonstrate that the diurnal warming inc.eases with the dec.ease of the wind speed and the inc.ease of the net heat flux. The c.mparison shows that the model results are in good agreement with the satellite measurements.

关键词： Diurnal warming satellite measurements model predic.ion

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柬埔寨农村地区HIV合并结核病的流行情况

国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2008年第1期3卷 29-34页

作者： K. P. c.in N. Kanara K. F. Laserson c. Vannarith K. Sameourn K. Samnang M. L.Qualls c. D. wells J. K. Varma 王冬梅（译）王雪静（校）何广学（审） Division of Tuberc.losis Elimination Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Epidemic.Intelligenc. Servic. Office of Workforce and Career Development Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGeorgia USA c.nters for Disease c.ntrol Global AIDS Program-Cambodia Phnom Penh c.mbodia Ministry of Health Banteay Meanchey Provincial Health Department Provincial AIDS Office SiSiphonCambodia Thailand Ministry of Public.Health-US c.c.c.llaboration Nonthaburi Thailand 不详

地点:柬埔寨Banteay Meanc.ey省。目的:世界卫生组织建议在结核病和艾滋病双重感染流行的国家,对所有的结核病人进行艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测,并对所有HIV感染者和病人进行结核病筛查。本文探求在东南亚国家是否有证据支持这一建议的可行性... 详细信息

地点:柬埔寨Banteay Meanc.ey省。目的:世界卫生组织建议在结核病和艾滋病双重感染流行的国家,对所有的结核病人进行艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测,并对所有HIV感染者和病人进行结核病筛查。本文探求在东南亚国家是否有证据支持这一建议的可行性。设计:本研究为横断面调查,对2003年10月—2005年2月新诊断的艾滋病病毒感染者或结核病人进行回顾性的队列研究,以明确HIV感染和患结核病的危险因素,并确定抗结核治疗过程中的死亡情况。结果:574例结核病人中发现HIV感染者216例(38%),450例艾滋病病毒感染者和病人中诊断结核病病人124例(24%)。无任何组别的病人处于HIV感染或患结核病的低风险。180例艾滋病合并结核病且有抗结核治疗转归记录,其中49例(27%)死亡,而未感染HIV的357例结核病人中17例(5%)死亡(相对危险度5.2,95%可信区间为3.1—8.7)。感染HIV的涂阴肺结核病人的死亡率常常低于涂阳肺结核病人(相对危险度0.39,95%可信区间0.16—0.93)。结论:无任何组别的病人处于HIV感染或患结核病的低风险,感染HIV的结核病人的死亡率高。这些数据证明:在东南亚国家,应实施世界卫生组织的全球TB/HIV双重感染建议。有必要采取紧急干预措施,以降低艾滋病合并结核病病人的死亡率。

关键词：结核 HIV 流行病学死亡率柬埔寨

2001—2002年印度喀拉拉邦坎纳区公立和私立医疗卫生机构合作开展结核病控制项目的成本及成本—效益分析

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2008年第2期3卷 78-83页

作者： O. Ferroussier M.K.A. Kumar R. K. Dewan P.K.J. Nair S. Sahu D. F. Wares K. Laserson c. wells R. Granic. L. S. c.auhan 刘宇红（译）何广学（校）王雪静（审） International Researc. and Programs Branc. Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Canters for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA Distric. Health Offic. Kannur Offic. of the World Health Organization Representative to India New Delhi c.ntral Tuberc.losis Division Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare New Delhi India 不详

背景:对于公立和私立机构合作(PPM)诊断和治疗结核病的成本效益方面的了解尚不足。设计:从新的国家结核病防治规划(RNTc.)角度,评价印度坎纳地区私立机构实验室开展PPM项目的花费及成本-效益。我们估算了每聘用并维持一个服务提供者的花... 详细信息

背景:对于公立和私立机构合作(PPM)诊断和治疗结核病的成本效益方面的了解尚不足。设计:从新的国家结核病防治规划(RNTc.)角度,评价印度坎纳地区私立机构实验室开展PPM项目的花费及成本-效益。我们估算了每聘用并维持一个服务提供者的花费,估算了在不同效率假设的情况下多发现1例病人的花费、以及多成功治疗1例病人的花费。有关这些干预措施的花费的数据来自于国家结核病控制规划的登记资料,治疗花费的估算基于国家结核病控制规划的病例管理方案。结果:本项目每年总的估算花费为8 712～11611美元,平均每聘用1个私立服务提供者的费用从22～54美元不等,私立机构多诊断1例肺结核病人的花费为14～18美元。多登记1个病人,最保守的估算需花费29～36美元。每成功治疗1例抗酸杆菌阳性的病人约花费47～51美元。提高报告率会改善成本效益。结论:与公立卫生机构的诊断费用相比,需要明确这项干预措施是否对不同实施级别的公共卫生系统在经济上具有吸引力;如需扩展PPM项目,需要明确补充资源的需求。

关键词：印度结核公立-私立机构合作成本-效益

c.allenging the assumption about a direc. relationship between historic.preservation and arc.itec.ure in the United States

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Frontiers of Arc.itec.ural Researc. 2018年第4期7卷 455-464页

作者： Jeremy c.wells Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Planning and PreservationUniversity of MarylandMD 20742United States

A c.ose relationship is assumed to exist between historic.preservation and arc.itec.ural prac.ic.. This study explores the nature of this relationship by using evidenc. from sc.olarly literature, the job market, and arc.itec.ural educ.tion. The examined literature c.ntains many examples showing that the arc.itec.ure field views historic.preservation as an external interest. Evidenc. from the job market indic.tes that arc.itec.ure employers are uninterested in historic.preservation skills, and historic.preservation employers are not looking for arc.itec.ure skills. Arc.itec.ure sc.ools and ac.rediting organizations either disregard historic.preservation or minimize its importanc.. Moreover, historic.preservation is more c.osely related to environmental and behavioral studies than it is to the arc.itec.ural field. The relationship between arc.itec.ure and historic.preservation is tenuous, strained, and based more on stereotypes than on ac.ual evidenc..

关键词： Historic.preservation Arc.itec.ure Heritage c.nservation Educ.tion Job market Employers

Assessment of oxidative and UV-c.treatments for inac.ivating bac.erial biofilms from groundwater wells

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： Kyle E. MURRAY Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ Enos c. INNISS Frank G. HEALY Adria A. BODOUR Oklahoma Geologic.l Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA ERA Environmental c.nsulting Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Biology Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Air Forc. c.nter for Engineering and the Environment (AFc.E) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Mic.oorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastruc.ure inc.uding groundwater wells. Sessile-state mic.oorganisms may build up on well surfac.s as biofilms and, if exc.ssive, c.use biofouling that reduc.s well produc.ivity and water quality. c.nditions c.n be improved using bioc.des and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the c.ntinuous introduc.ion of mic.oorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenanc. approac.es are desirable for reduc.ng biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfec.ion-by- produc.s. The primary objec.ive of this researc. was to evaluate effec.iveness of alternative treatments for inac.i- vating mic.oorganisms c.mprising biofilms. A novel approac. was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel c.upons suspended from ＇c.andeliers＇. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantifed through c.ltivation. Ultraviolet-c.（UV-c. and oxidative treatments inc.uding hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-sc.le treatments. Mic.obial inac.ivation was assessed by c.mparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H2O2 was the most effec.ive treatment, and dec.eased density below baseline by as muc. as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effec.ive for the well having a lower density biofilm, dec.easing density below baseline by as muc. as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and c.mmon aquifer sourc., whic. suggests that mic.obiologic.l c.mmunities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from whic. they originate.

关键词： aquifer biofouling hydrogen peroxide sustainability well rehabilitation

A study of quasi-absolute method in photon ac.ivation analysis

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Nuc.ear Sc.enc. and Tec.niques 2014年第5期25卷 10-15页

作者：孙在泾 D.wells c.Segebade S.c.emerisov K.Quigley c.emic.l Sc.enc.s & Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave.ArgonneIL 60439United States Physic. Department South Dakota School of Mines & Technology501 E. Saint Joseph St.Rapid CitySD 57701United States Idaho Ac.elerator c.nter Idaho State University 921 S.8th Ave.PocatelloID 83209United States

Relative methods, whic. are performed with the assistanc. of referenc. materials, are widely used in photon ac.ivation analysis(PAA). On the c.ntrary, absolute methods, whic. are c.nduc.ed without any referenc. material, are rarely applied due to the diffic.lty in obtaining photon flux. To realize absolute measurement in PAA,we retrieve photon flux in the sample via Monte c.rlo simulation and raise a novel proc.dure—quasi-absolute method. With simulated photon flux and c.oss sec.ion data from existing databases, it is possible to c.lc.late the c.nc.ntration of target elements in the sample straightforwardly. A c.ntrolled experiment indic.tes that results from the quasi-absolute method for c.rtain elements are nearly c.mparable to relative methods in *** tec.nique of absolute measurement has room for improvement in the future and c.n serve as a validation tec.nique for experimental data on c.oss sec.ions as well.

关键词：光子活化分析绝对法蒙特卡罗模拟标准样品光子通量绝对测量验证技术实验数据

Real-time four-dimensional sc.nning transmission elec.ron mic.osc.py through sparse sampling

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c.inese Physic. B 2024年第11期33卷 34-38页

作者： A W Robinson J wells A Moshtaghpour D Nic.olls c.Huang A Velazc.-Torrejon G Nic.tra A I Kirkland N D Browning 无 SenseAI Innovations Ltd. LiverpoolUK c.ntre for Doc.oral Training University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK c.rrelative Imaging Group Rosalind Franklin InstituteOxfordUK c.R-IMM Z.I.VIII Strada 5Catania95121Italy Department of Mec.anic.l Materialsand Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK

Four-dimensional sc.nning transmission elec.ron mic.osc.py(4-D STEM)is a state-of-the-art image ac.uisition mode used to reveal high and low mass elements at atomic.*** ac.uisition of the elec.ron momenta at eac. real spac. probe loc.tion allows for various analyses to be performed from a single dataset,inc.uding virtual imaging,elec.ric.field analysis,as well as analytic.l or iterative extrac.ion of the objec. induc.d phase ***,the limiting fac.or in 4-D STEM is the speed of ac.uisition whic. is bottlenec.ed by the read-out speed of the c.mera,whic. must c.pture a c.nvergent beam elec.ron diffrac.ion(c.ED)pattern at eac. probe position in the *** developments in sparse sampling and image inpainting(a branc. of c.mpressive sensing)for STEM have allowed for real-time rec.very of sparsely ac.uired data from fixed monolithic.detec.ors,Further developments in c.mpressive sensing for 4-D STEM have also demonstrated that ac.uisition speeds c.n be inc.eased,i.e.,live video rate 4-D imaging is now *** this work,we demonstrate the first prac.ic.l implementations of c.mpressive 4-D STEM for real-time inferenc. on two different sc.nning transmission elec.ron mic.osc.pes.

关键词： c.mpressive sensing 4-D STEM inpainting

Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira c. Bec.er Alexander Keller Department of Animal Ec.logy and Tropic.l Biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ec.logic.l experiments often require standardized methods that exc.ude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domestic.ted honey bee larvae are raisable in a c.ntrolled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approac. is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without induc.ng negative effec.s on their development. wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic.substanc. oxytetrac.c.ine to c.ntrol the presenc. of bac.eria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring rec.uitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of fac.ors as for example diets, toxins and mic.obiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ec.toxic.logy larval ontogeny Osmia bic.rnis oxytetrac.c.ine pathogens