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capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 247-264页

作者： Mercy M.F.Rampengan Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono Lisa Law J.c.gaillard Jeffrey Sayer School of Earth and Environmental Sciences James Cook UniversityQueensland 4870Australia School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

Isolated communities on small islands are often characterized as vulnerable and marginalized. We studied the recent history of Laingpatehi, a village on Ruang Island off the north coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia to show that the marginalization-vulnerability nexus can be offset by capacity and social cohesion to enable sustainable livelihoods. The island has been impacted by volcanic eruptions,earthquakes, and competition for marine resources from mainland-based fishermen. The community has shown a remarkable ability to cope and prosper in the face of a series of external hazards. We used a sustainable livelihoods approach to identify the assets that enabled the villagers to cope. Strong social cohesion was central to the ability to organize the community and confront hazards. A diversified livelihood strategy drawing on the small island environment and its coastal and marine resources, income generating activities in a distant satellite village, and significant remittances from employment in other parts of Indonesia underpinned people’s capacities to face hazards.Government assistance played a supporting role. The case of Laingpatehi demonstrates how remoteness, rather than being a source of vulnerability, can provide access to existing resources and facilitate innovation. Disaster risk reduction strategies should focus more on reinforcing these existing capacities to deal with hazards and less on physical protection and postdisaster responses.

关键词： Human and social resources Indonesia Livelihood diversity Natural hazards Remote marginal communities Small islands

利用半定量PcR方法分析中国地方猪种内源病毒序列拷贝数的多态性

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畜牧兽医学报 2002年第6期33卷 521-524页

作者：连正兴 c.Rogel-gaillard 李宁 Patrick chardon 吴常信中国农业大学北京100094 法国国立农业科学院巴黎35278

研究采用PcR方法检测了我国地方猪种内源病毒的拷贝数 ,希望能够找到拷贝数低或无内源病毒的个体或品种 ,培育一个适用于异种器官移植的品种或品系。共检测了 1 1个品种、2 60个个体 ,贵州猪、五指山猪、巴马猪的内源病毒拷贝数相对较... 详细信息

研究采用PcR方法检测了我国地方猪种内源病毒的拷贝数 ,希望能够找到拷贝数低或无内源病毒的个体或品种 ,培育一个适用于异种器官移植的品种或品系。共检测了 1 1个品种、2 60个个体 ,贵州猪、五指山猪、巴马猪的内源病毒拷贝数相对较低 ,分别为 34 61± 1 9 0 9、2 9 1 9± 1 3 47和 2 7 1 1± 1 4 46 ,膜蛋白A拷贝数分别为 9 33±6 40、1 0 0 4± 6 51和 1 0 56± 5 39,膜蛋白B拷贝数分别为 2 2 1 7± 9 2 0、2 1 0 0± 1 2 53和 2 1 86± 7 2 0。其他如二花脸猪、梅山猪、沂蒙黑猪、蓝塘猪等基因拷贝数相对较高 ;近交有造成内源病毒基因的拷贝数下降的倾向 ;另外民猪和香猪中分别有一头个体含有内源病毒 2个拷贝、膜蛋白A两个拷贝、膜蛋白B一个拷贝。中国地方猪种中内源病毒的拷贝数间差异较大 ,如进行大规模检测。

关键词：半定量PcR方法中国地方猪种内源病毒序列拷贝数多态性

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论气候变化的社会影响

上海保险 2015年第5期 50-51页

作者： J.c.gaillard Michael Glantz Ilan Kelman Ben Wisner Zenaida Delica-Willison Mark Keim 奥克兰大学环境学院伦敦大学学院美国疾病控制中心

在全球范围内,与气候有关的灾害正在不断增多。灾害流行病学研究中心的EM-DAT数据库（2013）在1981年到1990年间记录了879次重大的气候灾害;1991年至2000年,这一数字为1523次;而从2001年到2010年则达到了2451次。40年前,科学家和政策制... 详细信息

在全球范围内,与气候有关的灾害正在不断增多。灾害流行病学研究中心的EM-DAT数据库（2013）在1981年到1990年间记录了879次重大的气候灾害;1991年至2000年,这一数字为1523次;而从2001年到2010年则达到了2451次。40年前,科学家和政策制定者都观察到了自然灾害引起的损失逐渐上升这一令人不安的结果。当时一位学者认为,

关键词：气候变化社会影响气候灾害 2010年 2001年政策制定者流行病学自然灾害

Fostering children’s Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction Through Play:A case Study of LEGO and Minecraft

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 867-878页

作者： Loïc Le Dé Jc gaillard Anthony Gampell Nickola Loodin Graham Hinchliffe School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of TechnologyManukauAuckland 2025New Zealand School of Environment The University of Auckland.Auckland 1142.New Zealand Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520South Africa School of Science.Auckland University of Technology Auckland 1010New Zealand

This article focuses on children’s participation in disaster risk reduction.It draws on a 2018 study done in New Zealand with 33 school children who conducted participatory mapping with LEGO and the video game Minecraft to assess disaster risk in their locality and identify ways to be more prepared.The research involved participatory activities with the children actively involved in the co-design,implementation,and evaluation of the initiative.A focus group discussion was also conducted to assess the project from the viewpoint of the schoolteachers.The results indicate that LEGO and Minecraft are playful tools for children to participate in disaster risk reduction.The research identifies four key elements of genuine children’s participation,including the Participants,Play,the Process,and Power(4 Ps).This framework emphasizes that fostering children’s participation in disaster risk reduction requires focusing on the process through which children gain power to influence decisions that matter to them.The process,through play,is child-centered and fosters ownership.The article concludes that Play is essential to ground participation within children’s worldviews and their networks of friends and relatives.

关键词： children's participation Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participatory game tools

cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis,diseases,and regeneration

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 444-455页

作者： Mei Wan Elise F.Gray-gaillard Jennifer H.Elisseeff Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Translational Tissue Engineering center Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders,which represent the leading global cause of disability.cellular senescence was initially described by Hayflick et al.in 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture studies.We now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth arrest.In the past two decades,compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal system.cellular senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders,and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal muscles.In this review,we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders,including osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and sarcopenia.We highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone,joint,and skeletal muscle tissue,as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal diseases.In addition,we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.

关键词： skeletal homeostasis dividing

相位对比MRI测量常染色体显性多囊肾病人肾血流的可行性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2016年第3期 322-322页

作者： E.M.Spithoven E.Meijer c.Borns W.E.Boertien c.A.gaillard P.Kappert 张其锐 Department of Nephrology Community and Occupational MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen

摘要目的肾血流被发现可用于预测常染色体显性多囊肾(ADPKD)的疾病进展。本研究将探讨MRI相位对比肾血流法用于肾小球滤过率值差异较大的常染色体显性多囊肾病人的可行性和准确性。方法首先,使用肾动脉血流动力学模型确认MRI肾血流测量... 详细信息

摘要目的肾血流被发现可用于预测常染色体显性多囊肾(ADPKD)的疾病进展。本研究将探讨MRI相位对比肾血流法用于肾小球滤过率值差异较大的常染色体显性多囊肾病人的可行性和准确性。方法首先,使用肾动脉血流动力学模型确认MRI肾血流测量的可靠性。然后,计算含21例病人测试样本的MRI肾血流测量的组内和组间观察间差异。验证之后,测量一组91例病人的MRI肾血流,对比MRI

关键词：常染色体显性多囊肾病病人肾血流 MRI 相位对比

A case study of the role of climate, humans, and ecological setting in Holocene fire history of northwestern Europe

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Science china Earth Sciences 2015年第2期58卷 195-210页

作者： cUI QiaoYu Marie-José gaillard Fredrik OLSSON Annica GREISMAN Geoffrey LEMDAHL Ganna ZERNOVA Department of Biology and Environmental Science Linnaeus University Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Historical Philosophical and Religious Studies Ume University

We present the major results from studies of fire history over the last 11000 years(Holocene) in southern Sweden, on the basis of palaeoecological analyses of peat sequences from three small peat bogs. The main objective is to emphasize the value of multiple, continuous sedimentary records of macroscopic charcoal(macro-c) for the reconstruction of local to regional past changes in fire regimes, the importance of multi-proxy studies, and the advantage of model-based estimates of plant cover from pollen data to assess the role of tree composition and human impact in fire history. The chronologies at the three study sites are based on a large number of 14 c dates from terrestrial plant remains and age-depth models are achieved using Bayesian statistics. Fire history is inferred from continuous records of macro-c and microscopic charcoal counts on pollen slides. The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm(LRA) for pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of local vegetation cover is applied on the three pollen records for plant cover reconstruction over the entire Holocene. The results are as follows:(1) the long-term trends in fire regimes are similar between sites, i.e., frequent fires during the early Holocene until ca. 9 ka BP, low fire frequency during the mid-Holocene, and higher fire frequency from ca. 2.5 ka BP;(2) this broad trend agrees with the overall fire history of northwestern and western Europe north of the Mediterranean area, and is due to climate forcing in the early and mid-Holocene, and to anthropogenic land-use in the late Holocene;(3) the LRA estimates of plant cover at the three sites demonstrate that the relative abundance of pine played a primordial role in the early and mid-Holocene fire history; and(4) the between-site differences in the charcoal records and inferred fire history are due to local factors(i.e., relative abundance of pine, geomorphological setting, and anthropogenic land-use) and taphonomy of charcoal deposition in the small peat bogs. It is shown that continuous macro-c records a

关键词：消防历史中全新世气候变化西北部生态环境泥炭沼泽植被重建欧洲

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运用自耦变压器以减少梯形网路元件

电信技术资料 1972年第1期 13-23页

作者： J.gaillard

概述: 这里叙述的,对于任何方法计算出来的梯形网路,通过在设计中引入自耦变压器,以减少它的元件数目。所给出的几个例子,不可能用通常的方法,箉是运用Norton变换进行处理。经过c.Brane的工作运用这一步(?)到低通、高通和带通滤波器,作... 详细信息

概述: 这里叙述的,对于任何方法计算出来的梯形网路,通过在设计中引入自耦变压器,以减少它的元件数目。所给出的几个例子,不可能用通常的方法,箉是运用Norton变换进行处理。经过c.Brane的工作运用这一步(?)到低通、高通和带通滤波器,作成了表明可以获得经典结构的电感数目最少的Zabel型节。所叙述的过程是建立于由Norton(?)效电路直接导出的几个基本变换上。

关键词： cI 凌一所得 PI

FLAIR血管高信号征对大面积缺血性脑卒中病人血管内血栓切除术后功能的预测

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国际医学放射学杂志 2022年第6期45卷 741-741页

作者： I.Derraz R.Ahmed I.Mourand c.Dargazanli F.cagnazzo N.gaillard 包翠萍

摘要目的本研究目的是明确侧支循环与大面积缺血性脑卒中（Alberta 卒中项目早期 cT 评分，ASPEcTS≤5）血管内血栓切除术脑功能结果的关系。方法将前循环大血管

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