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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1102-1107页

作者： Stanislas Talaga Alain Dejean clémence Mouza Yves Dumont céline leroy lnsUtut Pasteur de la Guyane Unitéd'Entomologie MédicaleCayenne cedexFrance cNRS UMR EcoFoGAgroParisTechCiradINRAUniversitédes AntillesUniversitéde GuyaneKourouFrance cNRS INPTUPSEcolabUniversitéde ToulouseToulouseFrance AMAP CIRADCNRSINRAIRDUniversit6MontpellierMontpellierFrance

Interspecific competition with native species during biological invasions can sometimes limit alien expansion.We aimed to determine the potential ecological effects of Limatus durhamii Theobald 1901,a native Neotropical mosquito (Diptera:culicidae) species,on the invasive species Aedes (Stegomyia)aegypti (Linnaeus 1762)that breeds in the same artificial water containers.Development time and adult dry mass were measured in 3 rearing conditions:control (a single larva),intraspecific competition (2 conspecific larvae),and interspecific competition (2 heterospecific larvae).Food was provided ad libitum to eliminate exploitative competition.For Ae.aegypti,development time was not affected by interspecific interference competition (nonsignificant differences with the control)and the adult dry mass was significantly higher,meaning that individual fitness likely increased.Yet,because previous studies showed longer development time and lighter adults during competition with other invasive mosquitoes,it is likely that Ae.aegypti can express a different phenotype depending on the competing species.The similar pattern found for Li.durhamii females and the nonsignificant difference with the control for males explain in part why this species can compete with Ae.aegypti.

关键词： Aedes aegypti increased fitness interference competition Limatus durhamii phenotypic plasticity resistance to invasion

The contribution of microorganisms and metazoans to mineral nutrition in bromeliads

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 241-255页

作者： céline leroy Jean-François carrias Régis céréghino Bruno corbara IRD UMR AMAP(botAnique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des végétations)Boulevard de la LirondeTA A‐51/PS2F‐34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane(AgroParisTech CIRADCNRSINRAUniversitéde GuyaneUniversitédes Antilles)Campus AgronomiqueBP 316F-97379 Kourou cedexFrance Universitéclermont Auvergne UniversitéBlaise PascalBP 10448F-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance cNRS UMR 6023Laboratoire Microorganismes:Génome et EnvironnementCampus Universitaire des Cézeaux1 impasse Amélie MuratTSA 60026 CS *** Aubière cedexFrance Universitéde Toulouse INPUPS EcoLab(Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement)F-31062 ToulouseFrance cNRS EcoLab118 Route de NarbonneF-31062 ToulouseFrance

Aims One critical challenge for plants is to maintain an adequate nutrient supply under fluctuating environmental conditions.This is particularly true for epiphytic species that have limited or no access to the pedosphere and often live in harsh climates.Bromeliads have evolved key innovations such as epiphytism,water-absorbing leaf trichomes,tank habit and crassulacean acid metabolism(cAM)photosynthesis that enable them to survive under various environmental conditions.Bromeliads encompass diverse ecological types that live on different substrates(they can be terrestrial,epilithic or epiphytic)and vary in their ability to retain water(they can be tank-forming or tankless)and photosynthetic pathway(i.e.c3 or cAM).In this review,we outline the nutritional modes and specializations that enable bromeliads to thrive in a wide range of nutrient-poor(mostly nitrogen-depleted)environments.Important FindingsBromeliads have evolved a great diversity of morphologies and functional adaptations leading to the existence of numerous nutritional modes.Focusing on species that have absorptive foliar trichomes,we review evidence that bromeliads have evolved multi-faceted nutritional strategies to respond to fluctuations in the supply of natural nitrogen(N).These plants have developed mutualistic associations with many different and functionally diverse terrestrial and aquatic microorganisms and metazoans that contribute substantially to their mineral nutrition and,thus,their fitness and survival.Bacterial and fungal microbiota-assisted N provisioning,protocarnivory,digestive mutualisms and myrmecotrophic pathways are the main strategies used by bromeliads to acquire nitrogen.The combination of different nutritional pathways in bromeliads represents an important adaptation enabling them to exploit nutrient-poor habitats.Nonetheless,as has been shown for several other vascular plants,multiple partners are involved in nutrient acquisition indicating that there have been convergent adaptations to nutrient scarcity.Finally,we point ou

关键词： digestive mutualism insect-assisted nutrients leafδ15N multiple N sources myrmecotrophy

clinical Epidemiology and Surgical Treatment of Spontaneous Perforations of the Terminal Ileum: A Multicentre Study in cameroon

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 311-320页

作者： Eric Patrick Savom Richard II Mbele Mahamat Yannick Ekani Boukar Abdal Deudeu cédric Paterson Atangana Fred Dikongue Dikongue Guy Aristide Bang Marc leroy Guifo Yaoundé General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Perforations of the terminal ileum are a frequent clinical situation and a therapeutic challenge. Surgical treatment is controversial. Several surgical modalities have been proposed and postoperative morbidity and mortality remain high. The aim of this study was to review our experience in the surgical management of perforations of the terminal ileum. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, in five hospitals in cameroon. Patients’ demographic, clinical presentation, surgical findings and 30-days postoperative outcomes data were collected. Results: We collected 34 files. The sex ratio was 1.4 and the average age was 20.28 years. The average consultation time was 9.1 days. Abdominal pain was present in all our patients. Peritoneal irritation was present in 46 cases (88.5%). The mean time to treatment after admission was 17.5 hours. The perforation was unique in 40 cases (76.9%) and located between 6 and 10 cm from the ileocecal valve in 29 cases (55.8%). Typhoid was the most suspected etiology intraoperatively in 38 cases (73.1%). A simple suture was performed in 18 patients (34.6%), resection with anastomosis in 11 patients (21.2%) and an ileostomy in 5 patients (9.6%). The average length of hospitalization was 21.74 days. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 32.7% and 17.3% respectively. conclusion: Perforations of the terminal ileum are common and affect young people. Surgical procedures are varied. Reducing consultation and care times and respecting treatment principles could improve postoperative morbidity and mortality, which remain high.

关键词： Perforation of the Terminal Ileum Simple Suture Resection Morbidity Mortality

Rapid prototyping of a polymer MEMS dropletdispenser by laser-assisted 3D printing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第4期9卷 211-221页

作者： Rémi courson Oleksii Bratash Ali Maziz cloéDesmet Ricardo Alvarado Meza Loïc leroy Elodie Engel Arnaud Buhot Laurent Malaquin Thierry Leïchlé LAAS-cNRS Universitéde ToulouseCNRS31400 ToulouseFrance UniversitéGrenoble Alpes CNRSCEAIRIGSyMMES38000 GrenobleFrance Georgia Tech−cNRS International Research Laboratory AtlantaGA 30332USA

In this work, we introduce a polymer version of a previously developed silicon MEMS drop deposition tool for surfacefunctionalization that consists of a microcantilever integrating an open fluidic channel and a reservoir. The device isfabricated by laser stereolithography, which offers the advantages of low-cost and fast prototyping. Additionally,thanks to the ability to process multiple materials, a magnetic base is incorporated into the cantilever for convenienthandling and attachment to the holder of a robotized stage used for spotting. Droplets with diameters ranging from∼50 μm to ∼300 μm are printed upon direct contact of the cantilever tip with the surface to pattern. Liquid loading isachieved by fully immersing the cantilever into a reservoir drop, where a single load results in the deposition of morethan 200 droplets. The influences of the size and shape of the cantilever tip and the reservoir on the printing outcomeare studied. As a proof-of-concept of the biofunctionalization capability of this 3D printed droplet dispenser,microarrays of oligonucleotides and antibodies displaying high specificity and no cross-contamination are fabricated,and droplets are deposited at the tip of an optical fiber bundle.

关键词： cantilever reservoir printing

Tackling heterogeneity in treatment-resistant breast cancer using a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach

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cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 917-925页

作者： leroy Lowe J.William LaValley Dean W.Felsher Getting to Know cancer(NGO) TruroNova Scotia B2N 1X5Canada Wellness Plan MD Ltd AustinTX 78759USA Division of Oncology Departments of Medicine and PathologyStanford UniversityCA CCSR 1105USA.

Tumor heterogeneity can contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance in cancer, including advancedbreast cancers. The object of the Halifax project was to identify new treatments that would address mechanisms oftherapeutic resistance through tumor heterogeneity by uncovering combinations of therapeutics that could targetthe hallmarks of cancer rather than focusing on individual gene products. A taskforce of 180 cancer researchers,used molecular profiling to highlight key targets responsible for each of the hallmarks of cancer and then findexisting therapeutic agents that could be used to reach those targets with limited toxicity. In many cases, naturalhealth products and re-purposed pharmaceuticals were identified as potential agents. Hence, by combining themolecular profiling of tumors with therapeutics that target the hallmark features of cancer, the heterogeneity ofadvanced-stage breast cancers can be addressed.

关键词： Breast cancer chemoresistance drug resistance targeted therapy

Health effects of climate change in Africa:A call for an improved implementation of prevention measures

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第2期2卷 74-78页

作者： Enos Moyo leroy Gore Nhari Perseverance Moyo Grant Murewanhema Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Oshakati Medical centre OshakatiNamibia National Pathology Research and Diagnostic center Midlands State UniversityGweruZimbabwe college of Medicine and Health Sciences University of ZimbabweHarareZimbabwe School of Health Systems and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

The world’s climate,particularly in Africa,has changed substantially during the past few decades,contributed by several human activities.Africa is one of the continents that is most vulnerable to climate change globally.Since the beginning of 2022,extreme weather events in Africa have affected about 19 million people and killed at least 4,000 individuals.cyclones,floods,heatwaves,wildfires,droughts,and famine were among the severe weather occurrences.Natural disasters and extreme weather events brought on by climate change may compromise access to clean water,sanitation systems,and healthcare facilities,making people more vulnerable to a number of illnesses.Floods and drought can lead to both communicable and non-communicable diseases.The African population is more likely to experience more mental health disorders than before because of natural disasters,which result in the loss of property and sometimes loss of lives more frequently.We,therefore,call for an improved implementation of strategies to prevent the health effects of climate change so that the health of the people in Africa can be maintained.

关键词： climate change Health effects Prevention measures

Lessons Learned as President of the Institute for Systems Biology(2000–2018)

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： leroy E. Hood Providence St. Joseph Health Seattle WA 98057 USA Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA 98109 USA

I stepped down as president of the Institute for Systems Biol- ogy （ISB） on Jan 1, 2018. As I think about my 17-year term as President, I am astounded at how much I have learned, not only about science but also abou... 详细信息

关键词： 21st-century medicine Systems medicine Scientific wellness P4 healthcare Systems biology Personal, dense, dynamic data clouds

基于强化学习的部分线性离散时间系统的最优输出调节

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自动化学报 2022年第9期48卷 2242-2253页

作者：庞文砚范家璐姜艺 LEWIS Frank leroy 东北大学流程工业综合自动化国家重点实验室中国沈阳110819 德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校美国沃斯堡76118

针对同时具有线性外部干扰与非线性不确定性下的离散时间部分线性系统的最优输出调节问题,提出了仅利用在线数据的基于强化学习的数据驱动控制方法.首先,该问题可拆分为一个受约束的静态优化问题和一个动态规划问题,第一个问题可以解出... 详细信息

针对同时具有线性外部干扰与非线性不确定性下的离散时间部分线性系统的最优输出调节问题,提出了仅利用在线数据的基于强化学习的数据驱动控制方法.首先,该问题可拆分为一个受约束的静态优化问题和一个动态规划问题,第一个问题可以解出调节器方程的解.第二个问题可以确定出控制器的最优反馈增益.然后,运用小增益定理证明了存在非线性不确定性离散时间部分线性系统的最优输出调节问题的稳定性.针对传统的控制方法需要准确的系统模型参数用来解决这两个优化问题,提出了一种数据驱动离线策略更新算法,该算法仅使用在线数据找到动态规划问题的解.然后,基于动态规划问题的解,利用在线数据为静态优化问题提供了最优解.最后,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.

关键词：输出调节离散时间系统强化学习非线性未知动态

Is hyperexcitability really guilty in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1413-1415页

作者： Felix leroy Daniel Zytnicki centre de Neurophysique Physiologie et Pathologie UMR 8119 Université Paris Descartes UMR 8119 45 rue des Saints-Pères 752070 Paris Cedex 06 France

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a lethal disorder char- acterized by the gradual degeneration of brainstem and spinal motoneurons as well as lateral cortico-spinal tracts. The onset generally occurs during the adult age except for some juvenile aggressive forms. Until recently, the vast majority of the cases （90%） were deemed sporadic. Mutations in the SOD1 gene have been for a long time the only ones reported in familiar forms of ALS. However, the recent implication of new genes of little known function cast a new view on this disease. c9ORF72, for example, is now recognized to account for 30% of the familial cases. Overall, ALS has been linked to 20 different genes, many also associated with other degenerative diseases （frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer or ataxia）. Some of these genes are in- volved in RNA maturation （FUS, TARBD）. clinical observation of human patients and mouse models suggests that all motor pools and motoneurons are not equally affected （see Kanning et al., 2010）. The disease usually starts in motor pools controlling the limbs or in the bulbar area before expanding to other motor pools, with the exception of a few resistant ones （Onuf＇s and oculomotor nuclei）. Within a vulnerable motor pool, motoneu- tons subtypes also exhibit differential vulnerability and follow an orderly degeneration; starting with the motoneurons innervating fast-contracting fatigable motor units （IZF motoneurons） and followed by the ones innervating fast-contractile fatigue-resistant motor units （FR motoneurons）. The motoneurons in- nervating slow motor units （S motoneurons） appear resistant to the disease. Although the mechanisms leading to the orderly degeneration are not known, many hypotheses have been raised （Ilieva et al., 2009）.

关键词： hyperexcitability amyotrophic sclerosis

Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation at the crossroads of peripapillary myopic changes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第12期16卷 2063-2070页

作者： Adele Ehongo Zaki Hasnaoui Nacima Kisma Yassir Alaoui Mhammedi Artemise Dugauquier Kevin coppens Eloise Wellens Viviane de Maertelaere Francoise Bremer Karelle leroy Hopital Erasme Bruxelles 1070Belgium cosma consulting Sijsjesdreef 13 Enghien 7850Belgium UniversitéLibre de Bruxelles Bruxelles 1070Belgium Biostatistics IRIBHM UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBruxelles 1070Belgium Laboratory of Histology UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBruxelles 1070Belgium

AIM:To analyze the prevalence of peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation(PIcc)in eyes with gamma peripapillary atrophy(γPPA),in eyes with peripapillary staphyloma(PPS)and in those combiningγPPA and PPS and to analyze border tissue discontinuity in PIcc.METHODS:This prospective cross-sectional non interventional study included highly myopic eyes.Non-highly myopic eyes were used as control.Radial and linear scans centered on the optic nerve head were performed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.Variables were analyzed along the twelve hourly optical coherence tomography sections in both eyes of each subject.RESULTS:A total of 667 eyes of 334 subjects were included:229(34.3%)highly myopic eyes and 438(65.7%)non highly myopic eyes.The mean age of the highly myopic group was 48.99±17.81y.PIcc was found in a total of 40 eyes and in 13.2%(29/220)of highly myopic eyes.PIcc was found in 10.4%(40/386)of eyes withγPPA,in 20.5%(40/195)of eyes with PPS and in 22.7%(40/176)of those combiningγPPA and PPS.All the eyes with PIcc showed the co-existence ofγPPA and PPS whereas none of the eyes presenting only one of these entities exhibited PIcc.A border tissue discontinuity in theγPPA area was found in all eyes with PIcc.cONcLUSION:We confirm the presence of a border tissue discontinuity in theγPPA area of all eyes with PIcc.These findings suggest the involvement of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of PIcc which may contribute to PIcc-related visual field defects.

关键词： myopia peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation peripapillary staphyloma gamma peripapillary atrophy border tissue myopic complications