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Where Does Fear Lead Us: Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence in Maputo

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Health 2014年第7期6卷 641-648页

作者： Marta Moreno Margarida Gaspar de Matos António Jorge cabral centro de Malária e Doen&ccedil as Tropicais (cMDT) Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical Lisboa Portugal

This research aims to deepen knowledge on the role of fear on ART adherence of patients who live in Maputo district in Mozambique, including differences on age, gender and schooling level, on their previous knowledge about HIV and ART and on the impact of the discrimination experiences on the ART adherence. The participants are 602 ART patients living in Maputo district between 21 and 56 years old. The findings reveal that more men than women have interrupted the treatment. Those who did it at least once have more than 39 years old. There are more reports of non-interruption of the treatment on patients who have never been to school or who have been in the high school or more advanced studies. Those who reported that have never interrupted the treatment have more previous knowledge about HIV and the treatment;have never been discriminated and have less fear of being marginalized by being HIV+. Most of those who have interrupted the treatment have already been discriminated by nurses or friends. As fear is automatically processed in our brain, specific contexts of fear related to ART where studied as well as the impact of the fear of those contexts on the behaviors of adherence or of treatment interruption. The results reflect the need to develop national educational policies regarding emotional awareness, adequate emotional support and coping strategies in the context of Fear and of ART adherence. New policies need to address gender and age differences as well as health education access to ART patients, attempting to the stigma and the fear of discrimination as a present element of influence on ART adherence. The study also validates the role of health professionals as high responsible elements on the health of the ART individuals.

关键词： ART Adherence Discrimination Gender Age Fear Education Health Professionals Mozambique

Application of the Hierarchical Functions Expansion Method for the Solution of the Two Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations for compressible Fluids in High Velocity

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第2期9卷 86-99页

作者： Thadeu das Neves conti Eduardo Lobo Lustosa cabral Gaianê Sabundjian Instituto de Pesquisas Energ&eacute ticas e Nucleares (IPEN) S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Escola Polit&eacute cnica da Universidade de Sã o Paulo (USP) S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

This work presents a new application for the Hierarchical Function Expansion Method for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible fluids in two dimensions and in high velocity. This method is based on the finite elements method using the Petrov-Galerkin formulation, know as SUPG (Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin), applied with the expansion of the variables into hierarchical functions. To test and validate the numerical method proposed as well as the computational program developed simulations are performed for some cases whose theoretical solutions are known. These cases are the following: continuity test, stability and convergence test, temperature step problem, and several oblique shocks. The objective of the last cases is basically to verify the capture of the shock wave by the method developed. The results obtained in the simulations with the proposed method were good both qualitatively and quantitatively when compared with the theoretical solutions. This allows concluding that the objectives of this work are reached.

关键词： computational Fluid Mechanics compressible Flow Finite Elements Method Navier-Stokes Equations Shock Waves

Air Quality Monitoring and Its Implication on the Environmental Licensing Process in Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第1期5卷 1-8页

作者： Jose carlos de Moura Xavier Wilson cabral de Sousa Junior Department of Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation Aeronautics Institute of Technology(ITA)Sao Jose dos CamposBrazil Sao Paulo State Environmental company(cETESB) Sao PauloBrazil

In the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, public policies regarding the air quality aimed at the welfare of the population are strongly dependent on monitoring conducted by the Sao Paulo State Environmental company (cETESB), which can be influenced by faulty monitors and equipment support and cuts in power supply, among others. A research conducted from 1998 to 2008 indicated that a significant portion of the air quality automatic stations in the state of Sao Paulo did not meet the criterion of representativeness of measurements of PM10, NO2, O3, cO and SO2 concentrations which resulted in the classification of some municipalities as the nonattainment area, a situation evidenced for PM10 and O3 parameters. The network unavailability for each parameter was estimated and compared with the monitoring networks operated in canada and the UK. This paper discusses the implications of the lack of representativeness of measurements in the environmental licensing process of pollution sources from 2008, when by the effect of state law, municipalities have been qualified according to their air quality nonattainment level.

关键词： Air Quality Monitoring Public Policies Environmental Licensing

Analytical Solution for Evaluation of Voltage Surge Distribution along Transformer Windings through the Method of Residues

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第6期8卷 1099-1103页

作者： Sergio H. L. cabral Savio Leandro Bertoli Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication University of Blumenau Campus H Blumenau 89030-000 Brazil Dept. of chemical Engineering University of Blumenau Campus H Rua S6o Paulo Blumenau 89030-000 Brazil

computer programs have definitely become indispensable for designing power transformer. Among several applications, computer programs are mostly used for electric field calculation and thus electrical insulation concerns. In consequence, studies based on analytical approach to basic studies of correlated problems have become even more important because they form the very basis of knowledge that is necessary to every transformer designer in view of taking all the advantages of computational analyses. On the other hand, one of the most important basic studies consists in the evaluation of voltage surge distribution along transformer windings for which the method of separation of variables has been extensively used thanks to some simplifying assumptions. With this aim, authors have developed and previously published works that show the applicability of an alternative and useful analytical method that is the method of the residues, which requires no simplification to be assumed. In this work, another important step is taken towards proofing the total applicability of this promising method that is through a practical problem. A comparison to the numerical method TLM (transmission line method) is also performed and concordance with TLM and experimental data confirms the proposal of the method of residues can be also applicable to several others problems of electromagnetism.

关键词：变压器绕组电压浪涌评价解析解计算机程序残留基础研究电源变压器

99mTc Radiolabeled Archaeosomes as a Potential Melanoma Imaging Agent

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2018年第3期2卷 1-7页

作者： Mirel cabrera Marcos Tassano Marcelo Fernandez Juan Pablo Gambini Pablo cabral Area de Radiofarmacia Centro de Investigaciones NuclearesFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de la Republica.Mataojo 205511400 MontevideoUruguay centro de Medicina Nuclear Hospital de Clinicas“Dr.Manuel Quintela”Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de la Republica.Av.Italia s/n11600MontevideoUruguay

Melanoma incidence is growing worldwide.Although recent advances in imaging,there is not still available a specific melanoma agent that can be used for melanoma staging.Archaeosomes may be defined as liposomes composed of one or more polar lipids extracted from the Archaea domain(Archaebacterium).As liposomes have been used as vehicles for drugs and isotopes,the aim of this work is to evaluate radiolabelled 99mTc-archaeosomes as a potential melanoma imaging agent.and evaluate its potential role as a melanoma imaging agent.Archaeosomes were prepared by handshaken method and were radiolabeled with 99mTc;radiolabelling efficiency and purity were evaluated through different chromatographic systems.In vitro stability of 99mTc-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate(DTPA)-archaeosomes was performed through L-cysteine challenge.Archaeosome size distribution was determined by laser light scattering,having nanometer size between 90 and 120 nm.Radiolabelling efficiency was>90%;99mTc-DTPAarchaeosomes presented a radiochemical purity superior to 80%evaluated 24 h post-radiolabelling.For the highest concentration of L-cysteine(30 mM)and 1 h incubation,radiochemical purity was 92.90%,6.41%was bound to cysteine,and 0.69%remained as 99mTcO4-.Biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies in healthy c57 black mice showed high liver,spleen uptake,and renal elimination.Melanoma bearing mice had similar biodistribution as healthy mice but increased melanoma uptake,with T/M ratio of 46±3.7.Our results show the feasibility of 99mTc radiolabelling archaeosomes and their potential role as a melanoma imaging agent.

关键词： 99mTc-archaeosomes melanoma tumor imaging

微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在硅片上同时生长碳化硅和金刚石

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新型炭材料 2008年第3期23卷 250-258页

作者：唐春玖符连社 A.J.S.Fernandes M.J.Soares Gil cabral A.J.Neves J.Grácio center for Mechanical Technology and Automation and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro Department of Physics and cIcEcO University of Aveiro Department of Physics University of Aveiro

研究了衬底温度、核化密度、衬底表面预处理等工艺参数对微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在硅片上同时生长碳化硅和金刚石的影响。采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、喇曼光谱和红外光谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明:从高核化密度生长的金刚石膜中... 详细信息

研究了衬底温度、核化密度、衬底表面预处理等工艺参数对微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在硅片上同时生长碳化硅和金刚石的影响。采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、喇曼光谱和红外光谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明:从高核化密度生长的金刚石膜中探测不到碳化硅;不论对硅衬底进行抛光预处理还是未抛光预处理,从低核化密度生长的金刚石厚膜中总能探测到碳化硅。碳化硅生长在硅衬底上未被金刚石覆盖的地方,或者是在金刚石晶核之间的空洞处。碳化硅形成和金刚石生长是同时发生的两个竞争过程。此研究结果为制备金刚石和碳化硅复合材料提供了一种新的方法。

关键词：碳化硅金刚石厚膜红外光谱微波等离子体气相化学沉积

Hierarchical Expansion Method in the Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Incompressible Fluids in Laminar Two-Dimensional Flow

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Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 1-9页

作者： Gaian&ecirc Sabundjian Thadeu das Neves conti Eduardo Lobo Lustosa cabral Reactor Department Nuclear Energy Research Institutes S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

Among the several methods used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations Hierarchical Expansion Method has demonstrated satisfactory results. This work aimed to apply the expansion of the variables in hierarchical functions for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids in two dimensions in laminar flow. This method is based on the finite element method. The expansion functions in this study were based on Legendre polynomials, adjusted in the rectangular elements in such a way that corner, side and area functions were defined. The order of the expansion functions associated with the sides and with the area of the elements is adjusted to the necessary or desired degree. This method is denominated by Hierarchical Expansion Method. In order to validate the proposed numeric method three well-known problems of the literature in two dimensions were analyzed;however, for this paper only one problem was presented. The results demonstrated that method was able to provide precise results. From the results obtained in this paper it is possible to conclude that the hierarchical expansion method can be effective for the solution of fluid dynamic problems that involve incompressible fluids.

关键词： Finite Element Petrov-Galerkin Formulation Navier-Stokes Equations Hierarchical Expansion Functions Incompressible Fluid

Ecological implications of twentieth century reforestation programs for the urban forests of São Paulo, Brazil: a study based on litterfall and nutrient cycling

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 367-379页

作者： Maurício Lamano Ferreira Marcelo Ferreira Barbosa Eduardo Pereira cabral Gomes Ana Paula Branco do Nascimento Edgar Fernando de Luca Karina Gonçalves da Silva Ulisses Bezerra França Plínio Barbosa de camargo Raffaele Lafortezza Master’s Program in Health Promotion Adventist University of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil. Master’s Program in Geoenvironmental Analysis University of GuarulhosGuarulhosSPBrazil. Department of Health Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity Nove de Julho(UNINOVE)São PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Botany(IBT/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Department of civil Engineering São Judas Tadeu UniversitySão PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Forestry(IF/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura(cENA/USP) University of São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil. Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo(Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente) São PauloSPBrazil Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly. Department of Geography The University of Hong KongCentennial CampusPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong.

The focus of this study was to investigate the wide use of Eucalyptus spp.,an exotic plant with high allelopathic ability,in the reforestation programs of urban parks in São Paulo city,Brazil,over the last century.To understand the implications of using Eucalyptus spp.in the city’s parks,this study aimed to compare nutrient cycling and litter decomposition between a mixed composition of litter(i.e.,native and exotic species)and the litter of a single species(i.e.,Eucalyptus).To accomplish this,newly deciduous leaves were collected from two native and two exotic species that are commonly used in the afforestation of São Paulo as well as from Eucalyptus spp.The mixed composition of litter yielded a higher dry mass loss and return of macro-and micronutrients to the forest floor.The decomposition constant(k)values were 0.00322 and 0.00207 g g^(−1) day^(−1) for the mixed composition and Eucalyptus spp.,respectively.The time required for decomposition of 50 and 95%of deciduous material was 215 and 931 days,respectively,and for the mixed litterfall 334 and 1449 days,respectively,for Eucalyptus spp.Therefore,the mixed litter exhibited greater dry mass loss and nutrient cycling in an urban forest of São Paulo city,since dry mass losses as well as speed and amount of nutrients returned to the forest floor were relatively higher compared to Eucalyptus spp.Nutrient cycling via Eucalyptus spp.litter was less efficient than mixed composition of litter,demonstrating that reforestation programs carried out in the twentieth century using only one species may have had little success.The results of this work emphasize the fact that in urban reforestation programs the city of São Paulo must consider the environmental and biogeographic characteristics of the species employed and use high levels of biodiversity,since the city lies in a megadiverse biome.

关键词： Tropical forest Exotic species Nutrient dynamics Ecosystem functioning

Inter- and intraobserver agreement in computed tomography enterography in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 10002-10008页

作者： Natally Horvat camila carlos Tavares Adriana Ribas Andrade Julia campos Sim?es cabral Hilton Muniz Le?o Filho Angela Hissae Motoyama caiado Serli Kiyomi Nakao Ueda André Zonetti de Arruda Leite Aytan Miranda Sipahi Manoel de Souza Rocha Radiology Department Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S?o Paulo Gastroenterology Department Lim 07 Hospital da Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S?o Paulo

AIM To evaluate intra- and interobserver agreement in imaging features in inflammatory bowel disease and comparison with fecal calprotectin(Fc) levels.METHODS Our institutional computed tomography enterography(cTE) database was retrospectively queried to identify patients who underwent cTE from January 2014 to June 2015. Patient inclusion criteria were confirmed inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and Fc collected cTE without any change in clinical treatment or surgical treatment during this interval. The exclusion criterion was poor image quality. Two blinded abdominal radiologists, with 12 and 3 years of experience analyzed the cTE regarding localization(small bowel, colonic, both, or no disease detected);type of IBD(inflammatory, stenosing, fistulizing, > 1 pattern, or normal); and signs of active disease(present or absent). In 42 of 44 patients evaluated, routine cTE reports were made by one of the readers who reevaluated the cTEs ≥ 6 mo later, to determine the intraobserver agreement. Fc was considered a sign of disease activity when it was higher than 250 μg/g.RESULTS Forty-four patients with IBD(38 with crohn's disease and 6 with ulcerative colitis) were included. There was a moderate interobserver agreement regarding localization of IBD(k = 0.540), type of disease(k = 0.410) and the presence of active signs in cTE(k = 0.419). There was almost perfect intraobserver agreement regarding localization, type and signs of active disease in IBD. The k values were 0.902, 0.937 and 0.830, respectively. After a consensus between both radiologists regarding inflammatory activity in cTE, we found that 24(85.7%) of 28 patients who were classified with active disease had elevated Fc, and six(37.5%) of 16 patients without inflammatory activity in cTE had elevated Fc(P = 0.003). The correlation between elevated Fc and the presence of active disease in cTE was significant(k = 0.495, P = 0.001).cONcLUSION We found almost perfect intraobserver and moderate interobserver agreement in the signs of active disease in cT

关键词： crohn’ s 疾病 Ulcerative 大肠炎计算断层摄影术烘便的 calprotectin 煽动性的肠疾病活动