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Field Efficacy of a Biopesticide Based on Tithonia diversifoliaagainst Black Sigatoka Disease of Plantain (Musaspp., AAB)

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 730-743页

作者： cécile annie ewané Robinson Nembot Tatsegouock Arouna Meshuneke Nicolas Niemenak Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Plant Valorization Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology Higher Teacher’s Training College Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biological Science Higher Teacher’s Training College Yaoundé Cameroon

Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) is a foliar disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis, responsible of reduction of the photosynthetic area of banana plant and yield at harvest since it has an influence on fruit physiology. The control of BSD relies on the use of chemicals which are not affordable for the small holder farmers and increase the cost of production. Moreover, this chemical control is ineffective, negatively impacting the environment and human health, and is at the origin of strain resistance. Tithonia diversifolia is known as rich in many compounds such as mineral elements, defense metabolites, some phytochemicals;and it is increasingly used in agriculture. Recently, the protective effect of Tithonia diversifolia liquid extract against BSD development on plantain vivoplants in the nursery was highlighted. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of a biopesticide base on Tithonia diversifolia on the BSD development in a plantain field under high disease pressure. The effect of Tithonia diversifolia biopesticide on Mycosphaerella fijiensis mycelial growth in vitro was evaluated. An experimental field at the flowering stage was selected and treated with the biopesticide base on Tithonia diversifolia at three different concentrations: undiluted (100%), diluted at 1/2 (50%) and diluted at 1/4 (25%) for 17 weeks. The disease severity, the number of functional leaves, the youngest spotted leaf (YSL) and the youngest necrotic leaf (YNL) were evaluated in course of time. The biopesticide treatments significantly (P ce the BSD severity in course of time, but it is more effective for the most diluted concentration (25%). The number of leaves increases in course of time as well as the rank of the YSL and the YNL confirming the efficiency of BSD control. The efficacy of this biopesticide base on Tithonia diversifolia could be a hopeful ecoresponsible solution for the

关键词： Plantain (Musa spp.) Black Sigatoka Disease (BSD) Mycosphaerella fijiensis Tithonia diversifolia Biopesticide Efficacy

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Plantain Bananas PIF Seedlings Treatment with Liquid Extracts of Tithonia diversifoliaInduces Resistance to Black Sigatoka Disease

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 653-671页

作者： Robinson Nembot Tatsegouock cécile annie ewané Arouna Meshuneke Thaddée Boudjeko Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Plant Valorization Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé 1 Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon.

Plantain bananas culture encounters the problems of seedlings quantity and quality unavailability. Black Sigatoka Disease (BSD) is one of the main pathological constraints of banana that can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to the losses of production of about 50% in banana plantation. The use of liquid extracts of Tithonia diversifolia could potentially induced the resistance of the PIF seedlings to BSD during the vegetative stages in the nursery. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Tithonia diversifolia liquid extracts against the development of BSD on the PIF plantain bananas seedlings. The explants in the greenhouse and the seedlings in the shade were watered with liquid extracts of T. diversifolia during the process of PIF seedling production in sterile and non-sterile conditions. The treated seedlings show a more effective enhancement of seedlings quality parameters and also induce resistance against BSD. The vegetative stages parameters (the number of shoots, the diameter and the height of shoots, the foliar area, the length and weight roots) were improved in treated seedlings compared to controls ones. The treated seedlings showed maximum protection against BSD of up to 87% compared to controls. They also exhibited an increase in the accumulation of total proteins and total phenolics, as well as the activity of defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and glucanase). The treatment seems to acts as a vital stimulator and could therefore be a useful tool for small holder farmers favouring an eco-friendly agriculture using fewer synthetic inputs.

关键词： Plantain Banana PIF Seedlings Tithonia diversifolia Black Sigatoka Disease Induced Resistance Vital Stimulator

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Tithonia diversifoliaMulch Stimulates the Growth of Plantain PIF Seedlings and Induces a Less Susceptibility to Mycosphaerella fijiensisin the Nursery

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 672-692页

作者： Arouna Meshuneke cécile annie ewané Robinson Nembot Tatsegouock Thaddée Boudjeko Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Plant Valorization Biotechnology Centre University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Plantain is an important crop that serves as a staple food and contributes significantly to income generation for millions of people in tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. Its cultivation faces the main constraint of seedlings unavailability in quantity and quality, essential for the creation of new plantations. The advent and popularization of the plantlets from stem bits (PIF) in the 2000s raised hopes for solving this problem. However, after about ten years, the PIF has shown some problems limiting its adoption and should be improved for more efficiency. The amendment of PIF substrate production with Tithonia diversifolia could be an alternative to seedlings’ unavailability. This study aims to evaluate the potential stimulative effect of T. diversifolia mulch on plantain PIF seedlings growth and protection against black Sigatoka disease (BSD)caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis. The parameters of vegetative growth stages and biomarkers accumulation were assessed in sterilized substrate and non-sterilized substrate conditions. T. diversifolia mulch treatment increases the germination rate, the number of shoots, the height and the diameter of shoots, the leaf area as well as the seedlings roots, but it also protects the seedlings against BSD up to about 81% compared to the control seedlings. It also enhances the accumulation of biomarkers such as proteins, polyphenols content and defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and glucanase). T. diversifolia mulch seems to act in PIF seedlings production as a vital stimulator. It can therefore be taken as a tool for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture, and for poverty alleviation of poor small holder farmers.

关键词： Plantain PIF Seedlings Mulch Tithonia diversifolia Mycosphaerella fijiensis Vital Stimulator

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Effect of Biostimulants Based on Natural Products on the Growth and Nutritional Value of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 492-518页

作者： Aimé Giresse Tzeuton Flore Eliane Eyenga Arouna Meshuneke Gaston Mbang Elock Fabrice Damien Wassom Walter Jospin Timma Kom Marie Paule Djam Kengoum Erica cabrelle Damtse Damtse Landry Silatsa Fotsing William Asah che Marlyne Josephine Mananga Nicolas Niemenak cécile annie ewané Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Laboratory of Food Sciences and Metabolism University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Genetic Resources of the Biotechnology centre University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P cluding oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.

关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biostimulants Biofortification Growth and Defense Biomarkers Nutritional Value

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Stimulatory Effect of Tithonya diversifolia-by Products on Plantain Banana Vivoplants in Nursery (A Review)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 726-745页

作者： cécile annie ewané Arouna Meshuneke Gaston Elock Mbang Fabrice Damien Wassom William Asah che Glen Takang Beyang craftsman Ndula Ndula-Nan Landry Fotsing Silatsa Jospin Walter Kom Timma Marie-Paule Kengoum Djam Rosine Arckange Barakielle Bindzi Abah Nicolas Niemenak Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vegetal Physiology of Higher Teachers Training college University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Genetic Resources of The Biotechnology centre University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biological Science Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Plantain banana is an important cash crop that serves as stable food for millions of people around the world and contributes to income generation. Indeed, they provide a major staple food crop for millions of people and play an important role in the social fabric of many rural communities. Plantain banana cultivation encounters major problem of seedlings unavailability that are essential for the creation of new plantations, as well as parasitic constraints. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the main pathogen attack constraints of banana plant responsible of black Sigatoka disease, and viruses, which can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to banana production losses of more than 80% in plantations with soil fertility problems. The repeated use of synthetic input is the origin of contamination to the environment, different pollution sources of plants and human health, as well as resistance to some strains of pathogens and plant fertilization problems over time. Recent works carried out in nursery have shown that vivoplants of plantains treated with biostimulants based on natural products notably Tithonia diversifolia biopromote good growth and less susceptibility to M. fijiensis. Indeed, an increase in agromorphological characteristics, good accumulation of growth and defense biomarkers was also observed. In this context, Tithonia diversifolia is shown to be involved in the stimulatory effect mechanism of growth promotion and defensive reaction of plantain vivoplants against various pathogens and it is suggested to be acting as a vital stimulator. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on plantain banana cultivation constraints and on the potential of Tithonia diversifolia in relation with its different stimulatory effects on plantain vivoplants.

关键词： Tithonia diversifolia Plantain Banana Black Sigatoka Disease Growth Biopromotion Bioprotection Induced Resistance Biofungicidal Effect

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Effect of Biostimulants Based on Natural Products on the Growth and Nutritional Value of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2024年第7期 492页

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Primed Expression of Defense-Related Genes by Streptomyces cameroonensis-Based Bioformulation (ScaB) on cocoa Seedlings in a Nursery challenged with Phytophthora megakarya

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1480-1497页

作者： Dzelamonyuy Aristide Téné Tayo Paul Martial Alain Bopda Waffo Effa Onomo Pierre ewané cécile annie Boudjeko Thaddée Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorization of Genetic Resources Biotechnology Center University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teacher’s Training College Yaounde Cameroon

A Streptomyces cameroonensis based bioformulation (ScaB) has been developed and shown to be stable and effective in controlling the early proliferation of P. megakarya and promoting the growth of cocoa seedlings in nursery. This study was carried out to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with the interaction of ScaB, cocoa seedlings, and the pathogen during the early stages of seedling growth in the nursery. For this purpose, seedling treatment with 10% W/W ScaB under greenhouse conditions evaluated ScaB’s capacity to stimulate the defense mechanisms in cocoa. Agronomic growth parameters and the level of induction of defense-associated compounds were analyzed. Real-time (rt) PcR was used to assess the level of expression of defense genes. Here, we showed that the application of ScaB as a seedling treatment enhanced the growth of cocoa seedlings in the nursery by an average of 15.6% after 30 days of growth and led to an average reduction in disease severity of 64% when challenged with P. megakarya. The latter led to an increased synthesis of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, chitinases, peroxidases, and β-1,3-glucanases and an induced up-regulation of TcchiB, TcGlu-1, TcPer-1, and TcMYBPA genes. This research provides a basis for the optimization of beneficial microorganisms as a viable alternative to chemical fungicides used in disease suppression.

关键词： cocoa Seedlings Phytophthora megakarya Streptomyces cameroonensis Bioformulation Priming

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An integrated approach for machine-learning-based system identification of dynamical systems under control:application towards the model predictive control of a highly nonlinear reactor system

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 237-250页

作者： ewan chee Wee chin Wong Xiaonan Wang Department of chemical&Biomolecular Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore chemical Engineering&Food Technology cluster Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore

Advanced model-based control strategies,e.g.,model predictive control,can offer superior control of key process variables for multiple-input multiple-output *** quality of the system model is critical to controller performance and should adequately describe the process dynamics across its operating range while remaining amenable to fast *** work articulates an integrated system identification procedure for deriving black-box nonlinear continuous-time multiple-input multiple-output system models for nonlinear model predictive *** showcase this approach,five candidate models for polynomial and interaction features of both output and manipulated variables were trained on simulated data and integrated into a nonlinear model predictive controller for a highly nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor *** procedure successfully identified system models that enabled effective control in both servo and regulator problems across wider operating *** controllers also had reasonable per-iteration times of ca.0.1 *** demonstration of how such system models could be identified for nonlinear model predictive control without prior knowledge of system dynamics opens further possibilities for direct data-driven methodologies for model-based control which,in the face of process uncertainties or modelling limitations,allow rapid and stable control over wider operating ranges.

关键词： nonlinear model predictive control black-box modeling continuous-time system identification machine learning industrial applications of process control

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Rasch Model Assessment for Bloom Digital Taxonomy Applications

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computers, Materials & continua 2021年第7期68卷 1235-1253页

作者： Mohd Effendi ewan Mohd Matore Faculty of Education Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia

Assessment using Bloom’s taxonomy levels has evolved in a variety of contexts and *** the era of the cOVID-19 pandemic,which necessitates use of online assessment,the need for teachers to use digital-based taxonomy skills or Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy(BDT)has increased even ***,the existing studies on validity and reliability of BDT items are *** overcome this limitation,this study aims to test whether BDT has good psychometric characteristics as a teacher’s self-assessment tool using the Rasch model analysis and to investigate the pattern of BDT usage in teaching and *** using a quantitative online survey design,this study involves six levels of BDT,namely,Remembering,Understanding,Applying,Analyzing,Evaluating,and *** questionnaire was developed and validated by two experts prior to administration.A stratified random sampling technique was conducted on 774 secondary teachers from five geographical zones in Malaysia,and the Rasch model was analyzed using WINSTEPS 3.71 *** performances of items improved by Rasch psychometric assessment including the application of BDT among *** hierarchy level was also assessed through graphical analysis,including the Wright map and bubble chart,to demonstrate the powerful performance of the Rasch model analysis in investigating item quality and ***,these empirically validated items using the Rasch model could advance the academic knowledge of BDT for future assessment and promote the Rasch calibration in an educational setting.

关键词： Bloom’s digital taxonomy assessment dichotomous score Rasch

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Interfacing peripheral nerve with macro-sieve electrodes following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第6期12卷 906-909页

作者： Nathan K.Birenbaum Matthew R.Mac ewan Wilson Z.Ray Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St.Louis Department of Neurosurgery Washington University School of Medicine

Macro-sieve electrodes were implanted in the sciatic nerve of five adult male Lewis rats following spinal cord injury to assess the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to interface regenerated peripheral nerve fibers post-spinal cord injury. Each spinal cord injury was performed via right lateral hemisection of the cord at the T_（9–10） site. Five months post-implantation, the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to interface the regenerated nerve was assessed by stimulating through the macro-sieve electrode and recording both electromyography signals and evoked muscle force from distal musculature. Electromyography measurements were recorded from the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, while evoked muscle force measurements were recorded from the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and gastrocnemius muscles. The macro-sieve electrode and regenerated sciatic nerve were then explanted for histological evaluation. Successful sciatic nerve regeneration across the macro-sieve electrode interface following spinal cord injury was seen in all five animals. Recorded electromyography signals and muscle force recordings obtained through macro-sieve electrode stimulation confirm the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to successfully recruit distal musculature in this injury model. Taken together, these results demonstrate the macro-sieve electrode as a viable interface for peripheral nerve stimulation in the context of spinal cord injury.

关键词： sieve evoked stimulation distal viable regeneration implanted assessed regenerated implantation

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