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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第11期22卷 636-641页

作者： S M carter W Rogers I Heath c degeling J Doust A Barratt 周奇(译) 张静怡(译) 杨楠(译) 陈泽(译) 陈耀龙(校) 王琪(校) centre for Values Ethics and the Law in MedicineUniversity of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Philosophy Department and Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie UniversityNSWAustralia London UK Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityAustralia Sydney School of Public Health SydneyAustralia 兰州大学循证医学中心广州中医药大学加拿大麦克马斯特大学

过度诊断对不同的人而言意义不一样。S M carter及其同事们认为,我们应该使用一个宽泛的术语,如倡导使用过度医疗,并根据研究和临床目的,逐步制定精确的过度诊断定义。支撑卫生保健的隐性社会契约能减少疾病和可预防性的死亡,并改善生... 详细信息

过度诊断对不同的人而言意义不一样。S M carter及其同事们认为,我们应该使用一个宽泛的术语,如倡导使用过度医疗,并根据研究和临床目的,逐步制定精确的过度诊断定义。支撑卫生保健的隐性社会契约能减少疾病和可预防性的死亡,并改善生活质量。但有时这些承诺并未实现。

关键词：卫生保健可预防性社会契约过度医疗

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Statistical properties of kinetic-scale magnetic holes in terrestrial space

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第1期5卷 63-72页

作者： ShuTao Yao ZongShun Yue QuanQi Shi Alexander William degeling HuiShan Fu AnMin Tian Hui Zhang Andrew Vu RuiLong Guo ZhongHua Yao Ji Liu Qiu-Gang Zong XuZhi Zhou JingHuan Li WenYa Li HongQiao Hu YangYang Liu WeiJie Sun Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai Shandong 264209China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Physics Department and Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK99775USA Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire STAR InstituteUniversitéde LiègeLiègeB-4000Belgium School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China Department of climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA

Kinetic-scale magnetic holes(KSMHs)are structures characterized by a significant magnetic depression with a length scale on the order of the proton *** structures have been investigated in recent studies in near-Earth space,and found to be closely related to energy conversion and particle acceleration,wave-particle interactions,magnetic reconnection,and turbulence at the ***,there are still several major issues of the KSMHs that need further study—including(a)the source of these structures(locally generated in near-Earth space,or carried by the solar wind),(b)the environmental conditions leading to their generation,and(c)their spatio-temporal *** this study,KSMHs in near-Earth space are investigated statistically using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale *** 200,000 events were observed from September 2015 to March *** rates of such structures in the solar wind,magnetosheath,and magnetotail were *** find that KSMHs occur in the magnetosheath at rates far above their occurrence in the solar *** indicates that most of the structures are generated locally in the magnetosheath,rather than advected with the solar ***,KSMHs occur in the downstream region of the quasi-parallel shock at rates significantly higher than in the downstream region of the quasi-perpendicular shock,indicating a relationship with the turbulent plasma *** to the magnetopause,we find that the depths of KSMHs decrease as their temporal-scale *** also find that the spatial-scales of the KSMHs near the subsolar magnetosheath are smaller than those in the ***,their global distribution shows a significant dawn-dusk asymmetry(duskside dominating)in the magnetotail.

关键词： kinetic scale magnetic hole magnetic dip electron vortex turbulence

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