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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 357-371页

作者： Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam byung gul lee Ghani Rahman Tahir Waqas Department of Civil Engineering College of Ocean Science Jeju National University Jeju South Korea Department of Geography University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Disaster Management Riphah International University Islamabad Pakistan

This study presents the work commenced in northern Thailand on spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. Thirty years (1988-2017) rainfall data of eight meteorological stations were used for assessing temporal variability and trend analysis. The results showed decreasing trend in rainfall from its first half of the observed study period (1988-2002) to last half of the time period (2003-2017) in total average annual as well as monsoonal average rainfall by 14.92% and 15.50% respectively. It was predicted from linear regression results that by 2030 the average annual and monsoonal rainfall will drop by 35% and 34.10% respectively. All stations showed negative trend except Fakara met-station in annual rainfall. In the seasonal trend analysis, the results showed decreasing trend almost in all met-stations. Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to assess the trend. All met-stations show significant negative trend. To assess drought in the study area, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied to 12-month temporal time period. The results predicted meteorological drought in the near future. The spatial distribution of rainfall presented changing phenomena in average annual, monsoonal, winter, and summer seasons in both analyzed periods.

关键词： Climate Change Temporal Variability Meteorological Drought Mann Kendall Test Standardized Precipitation Index

Spatio-Statistical Analysis of Flood Susceptibility Assessment Using Bivariate Model in the Floodplain of River Swat, District Charsadda, Pakistan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第5期8卷 159-175页

作者： Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam byung gul lee Atta Ur Rahman Nasir Farid Ghani Rahman Department of Civil Engineering College of Ocean Science Jeju National University Jeju South Korea Department of Geography University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan Department of Geography University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan

Flood is one of the most predominant disasters around the globe and frequently occurring phenomena in the northern part of Pakistan. In this study, the effects of various divisions of flood inventory and combinations of conditioning factors were assessed for the preparation of final susceptibility map. The flood inventory map was prepared for Charsadda by visual interpretation of Landsat-7 image alongside the field survey and a total of 161 flood locations were mapped. The flood inventory was subsequently divided into training and validation datasets, 129 (80%) and 112 (70%) locations for training the model and 32 (20%) and 49 (30%) for validation of the model. In this study, nine conditioning factors were used (Elevation, Slope, Aspect, Curvature, Plan curvature, Profile curvature, Proximity to river, roads, and Land use/land cover) for the development of flood susceptibility map. All the conditioning factors were correlated with flood inventory map using the information value method. The final susceptibility maps were validated using prediction rate and success rate curve. The results from validation showed that the areas under curve in the prediction rate curve for the models are: Model A (99.47%), Model B (95.04%), and Model C (94.06%), respectively. The Area under curve (AUC) in the success rate curve obtained for the three models are: Model A (95.03%), Model B (86.91%), and Model C (89.67%), respectively. Eventually, the susceptibility maps were classified into five susceptibility zones. The success rate and prediction rate curve indicated that model A has more accuracy in comparison to model B and model C;though, the results obtained from prediction and success rate curve indicated that all the models are reliable and has no significant difference between the susceptibility maps. Consequently, results obtained from this study are useful for researchers, disaster managers, and decision-makers to manage the flood-prone areas in the study area to mitigate the fl

关键词： Flood Inventory Information Value Method Flood Conditioning Factors Flood Susceptibility Index

Covering the More Visible Region by Electrochemical Copolymerization of Carbazole and Benzothiadiazole Based Donor-Acceptor Type Monomers

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第1期37卷 28-35页

作者： Emine gul Cansu-Ergun Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Baskent University

An electrochromic copolymer film of 2-(3,3-dihexyl-3,4-dihydro-2 H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepin-6-yl)-7-(3,3-dihexyl-3,4-dihydro-2 H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepin-8-yl)-9 H-carbazole(M1) and 4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole(M2) was prepared via electrochemical technique. The copolymerization was performed with one to one monomer feed ratio. Electrochemical and optical properties of the resulting copolymer film(P3) and the homopolymer films of M1 and M2(P1 and P2) were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectrometry techniques, and the corresponding results were compared. Incorporation of M1 and M2 into copolymer matrix was clearly observed on the resulting cyclic voltammograms and UV-Vis spectra. P3 covered the visible regions coming from both P1 and P2, and exhibited a neutral state darker color than those of homopolymers. P3 film was found to have a multichromic behavior, appearing as brown in its neutral state while changing its color upon oxidation to dark-gray(at about 0.3 V), to blue(at about 0.6 V) and finally to grayish cyan(beyond 0.9 V), with a corresponding optical band gap of 1.65 eV.

关键词： Electrochemical polymerization Copolymer Electrochromic polymers

Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States:An 11-year nationwide populationbased study

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 60-71页

作者： Karina Fatakhova Faisal Inayat Hassam Ali Pratik Patel Attiq Ur Rehman Arslan Afzal Muhammad Sarfraz Shiza Sarfraz gul Nawaz Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rubaid Dhillon Arthur Dilibe Benjamin Glazebnik Lindsey Jones Emily Glazer Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mather Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityPort JeffersonNY 11777United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Internal Medicine Mather Hospital and Hofstra University ZuckerSchool of MedicinePort JeffersonNY 11777United States

BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not *** practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and *** population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains *** To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United *** A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)*** with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were *** major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with *** analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based *** We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study *** the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were *** mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(***),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of *** and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Gender disparity Epidemiological trends Esophageal adenocarcinoma Screening endoscopy Female gender Risk factors

Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a Riga plate for drug deliveryapplications with double diffusion

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 311-320页

作者： Abeer S.Alnahdi Taza gul Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics City University of Science and Information Technology25000PeshawarPakistan DGoST-Directorate General of Science&Technology Khyber PakhtunkhwaPeshawarPakistan

Casson fluid-mediated hybrid nanofluids are more effective at transferring heat than traditional heat transfer fluids in terms of thermal *** exchangers,cooling systems and other thermal management systems are ideal for use with Casson *** control of the flow and release of medication is necessary when using Casson fluids in drug delivery systems because of their unique rheological *** involves the creation of nanoparticles that are loaded with drugs and distributed in Casson fluid-based carriers for targeted *** this study,to create a hybrid nanofluid,both single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)are dispersed in a Casson fluid with Fourier’s and Fick’s laws *** Casson fluid is suitable for various engineering and medical applications due to the enhancement of heat transfer and thermal conductivity by the carbon *** objective is to understand how SWCNTs and MWCNTs impact the flow field by studying the flow behavior of the Casson hybrid nanofluid when it is stretched against a Riga *** Darcy-Forchheimer model is also used to account for the impact of the porous medium near the stretching *** linear and quadratic drag terms are taken into account in this model to accurately predict the flow behavior of the *** addition,the homotopy analysis method is utilized to address the model *** outcomes are discussed and deliberated based on drug delivery *** findings shed valuable light on the flow characteristics of a Casson hybrid nanofluid comprising SWCNTs and *** is observed that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes makes the nanofluid a promising candidate for medical applications due to its improved heat transfer properties.

关键词： carbon nanotubes(CNTs) Riga plate Casson fluid with Fourier’s and Fick’s laws analytical solutions

Organic and Inorganic Mercury in Biological Samples of Flouresecent Lamp Industries Workers and Health Risks

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期33卷 89-102页

作者： Nayab gul Sardar KHAN Abbas KHAN Javed NAWAB Adnan SARWAR Nida gul Climate Change Centre The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan Drug Control Administration Government of Khyber PakhtunkhwaHealth DepartmentPeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPeshawar 25120Pakistan Pak International Medical College and Research Institute HayatabadPeshawar 25120Pakistan

Objective The present study aims to investigate the concentrations of Hg and its aspects methyl mercury(Me-Hg)and inorganic mercury(I-Hg)in the biological samples(BSs)of fluorescent lamp industries workers(FLIWs).Methodology Different BSs including red blood cells(RBCs),plasma,urine,hair and nails were collected from the workers exposed to Hg and unexposed persons were selected as control group to measure both the T-Hg concentration as well as its species in different biological samples through quantitative *** data was collected through questionnaire *** The mean concentrations of T-Hg(31.9μg/L),Me-Hg(27.7μg/L),and I-Hg(5.36μg/L)in RBCs were found significantly(P<0.001)higher among the workers(n=40)as compared to the control group(n=40).Similarly the mean Hg concentrations in plasma,urine,hair and nails were also significantly higher among the workers than the control *** statistical relation between Hg concentration and demographic characteristics observed that workers experience and fish consumption has increased the Hg concentration while age,weight and smoking found no significant effect on Hg concentration in the *** The study observed that the workers were highly exposed to high concentration of Hg and they are at a high health risk.

关键词： Mercury Health risk Fluorescent lamp industries Regression Demographic characteristics Biological samples

Litter decay in rangeland sites with varying history of human disturbance: a study with Hazargangi Chiltan mountain

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第4期17卷 898-906页

作者： Imran KHAN Shamim gul Sarfraz AHMAD gul Bano REHMAN Agha Waqar YUNUS Iram gul Imran ALI Ali AKBAR Muhammad ISLAM Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuettaBalochistan87550Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences Macdonald CampusMcGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-deBellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Natural Resources Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad44050Pakistan Animal Sciences Institute PARC National Agricultural Research CenterPark RoadIslamabad45500Pakistan Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNational University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 24090Pakistan Department of Biochemistry University of BalochistanQuetta 87550Pakistan School of Life Sciences and Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Department of Microbiology University of BalochistanQuetta 87550Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Hazarganji Chiltan National Park in Balochistan, Pakistan was established in 1980 and the protected area was further extended in 1998. Large area of this mountain is still open for unmanaged human disturbances such as collection of wood for fuel purpose and livestock grazing. Removal of vegetation of rangelands has a significant negative impact on soil organic matter(SOM). This research evaluates litter decomposition in three sites of Hazarganji Chiltan mountain with varying history of human disturbances(unprotected site, young protected site and old protected site). Twigs of Pistacia khinjuk with approximately equal weight and length were placed in litter bags of mesh size 2 mm and were buried in 0-5 cm depth in three sites in January. Half of the twigs of each site received rain simulation in April, August, October, November and January while the other half of the twigs were subjected under natural conditions for 15 months. Twigs from each plot of each treatment of each site were collected from soil after every rain simulation in the previous month of experiment and were processed for weight loss assessment. Results showed that weight loss of twigs by decomposition was significantly higher in the soil of unprotected site as compared to other two sites and there was no difference between rain simulation and control treatments except that loss of weight of twigs of unprotected site was higher under control than rain simulation condition. To confirm that SOM was the major controlling factor for the decomposition of litter decay, soils of each site were collected and burned to remove SOM;thereafter, burned soil samples were mixed with homogenous powder of oven-dried native plants, incubated for 6 months and were provided with dissolved organic matter of the soils of each site. Results showed that there was no difference in the decomposition of litter between soils under controlled laboratory condition, which confirmed that SOM was a major controlling factor for the li

关键词： Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Litter decay Grazing Litter bag Rain simulation

Altitudinal variation in the reproductive performance of the Mediterranean shrub Rhamnus lycioides L.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第3期5卷 330-336页

作者： Javier gulías Anna Traveset Research group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Department of BiologyUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCarretera de Valldemossa km 7.507122-Palma de MallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avancxats(CSIC-UIB) C/Miquel Marques 2107190 EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain

Aims Rhamnus lycioides ***(Rhamnaceae)is a perennial shrub native to the Mediterranean Basin distributed along an altitudinal gradient,from sea level up to 1000 m *** specific goals of our study were(i)to compare plant morphology between two contrasting populations,(ii)to determine the reproductive system of ***,quantifying the relative importance of insects and wind as pollen vectors,(iii)to test if pollen limitation differs between populations,(iv)to study the main factors influencing fruit set and(v)to compare plant reproductive performance(mass allocation to flowers,fruits and seeds)between the two *** In the present study,we examined plant morphology and the reproductive performance of *** *** contrasting environments in two populations located at the extremes of its altitudinal range in the island of Mallorca(Balearic Islands,Western Mediterranean Basin)along a 3-year *** morphology,the relative importance of insects and wind as pollen vectors,the pollen limitation to seed production and the plant reproductive performance(mass allocation to flowers,fruits and seeds)were *** Findings Rhamnus lycioides individuals showed a higher plant surface/plant height ratio at the mountain than at the *** species appeared to be ambophilous despite its inconspicuous flowers,although the relative importance of wind as a pollination vector was higher at the mountain than at the coastal *** set was much higher at the mountain,where pollen appeared to be a limiting *** contrast,fruit set was not limited by pollen availability at the coastal population,where resource(water and nutrients)limitation seemed to be more *** size was greater at the coast,in contrast to fresh fruit weight that was higher at the *** the relatively few differences between sites in precipitation patterns along the study period,water availability appeared to be the key factor explaining

关键词： ambophily fruit set Mediterranean vegetation pollen limitation reproductive performance

New Horizon in stabilization of single atoms on metal-oxide supports for CO_(2) reduction

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Nano Materials Science 2021年第4期3卷 368-389页

作者： Muhammad Abbas Muhammad Aurang Zeb gul Sial Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbell RoadRichardsonTX75080USA Multi-scale Porous Materials Centre Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChonging400044PR China

Elecrochemical CO_(2) reduction is a promising route to convert CO_(2) into the value added chemicals,and to control the increasing accumulation of 002 in the *** CO_(2) molecule is stable and chemically inert,so a highly efficient electrocatalyst is required for CO_(2) *** single atoms with metal oxdde support is a new fronder in CO_(2) *** supported single atoms contain disperse isolated atoms with an appropriate support maxcimize the atom efficiency of metals for boosting the catalytc *** this review,we had discussed state-of-the-art research on the synthestis of single atoms supported on the metal oxdde for boosting catalytic activity for CO_(2) reduction and special emphasis is placed on the influence of single atoms supported on metal oxdde on the CO_(2) ***,we had discussed the challenges,and opportunities for paving the development of single atoms with metal support and their application in ecrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.

关键词： Single atoms Metal-oxides support CO_(2)reduction

Mixed convectional and chemical reactive flow of nanofluid with slanted MHD on moving permeable stretching/shrinking sheet through nonlinear radiation,energy omission

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 193-202页

作者： Saleem Nasir Sekson Sirisubtawee Pongpol Juntharee Taza gul Department of Mathematics Faculty of Applied ScienceKing Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand Department of Mathematics City University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawarPakistan

Hybrid nanofluids are remarkable functioning liquids that are intended to reduce the energy loss while maximizing the heat *** the involvement of suction and nonlinear thermal radiation effects,this study attempted to explore the energy transmission features of the inclined magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation flow of CNTs-hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear permeable stretching or shrinking *** work also included some noteworthy features like chemical reactions,variable molecular diffusivity,quadratic convection,viscous dissipation,velocity slip and heat omission *** appropriate similarity components,the model equations were modified to ODEs and computed by using the HAM *** impact of various relevant flow characteristics on movement,heat and concentration profiles was investigated and plotted on a *** various model factors,the significance of drag friction,heat and mass transfer rate were also computed in tabular and graphical *** leads to the conclusion that such factors have a considerable impact on the dynamics of fluid as well as other engineering measurements of ***,viscous forces are dominated by increasing the values ofλ_(p),δ_(m)andδ_(q),and as a result,F(ξ)accelerates while the opposite trend is observed for M andφ.The drag friction is boosted by the augmentation M,λ_(p)andφ,but the rate of heat transfer *** to our findings,hybrid nanoliquid effects dominate that of ordinary nanofluid in terms of F(ξ),Θ(ξ)andφ(ξ)*** HAM and the numerical technique(shooting method)were found to be in good agreement.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid(SWCNT+MWCNT/H_(2)O) velocity slip conditions nonlinear thermal radiation exponential stretching/shrinking sheet inclined magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation flow