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Gastrointestinal tract(gut) health in the young pig

Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 187-196页

作者： John R.Pluske Diana L.Turpin Jae-cheol kim School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Pork Innovation Western Australia(Inc.) AB Vista Asia Pte.Ltd

An optimally functioning gastrointestinal tract(GIT) clearly is of importance to the overall metabolism,physiology, disease status and performance of pigs of all stages of growth and development.Recently, the‘health’ of the GIT(‘gut health’) has attracted much attention despite the lack of a clear definition to the term or its aetiology, although in broad terms, ‘gut health’ encompasses a number of physiological and functional features including nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable and appropriate microbiota/microbiome, defence mechanisms including barrier function and mucosal immune mechanisms, and the interactions between these components.‘Gut health’ in the newlyweaned(young) pig is of obvious interest due to changes in GIT structure and function associated with the post-weaning transition, and more recently to the upsurge in interest in different feed additives as dietary alternatives/replacements caused by bans/reductions in certain antimicrobial compounds being available in some parts of the world.In the presence of enteric disease(s) after weaning, a deterioration in ‘gut health’ may be synonymous to the overall health of the pig, and although some direct relationships can be drawn between pig performance and efficiency and a ‘healthy' GIT, sometimes this connection is subtler and less obvious, especially in the absence of overt enteric disease(s).The factors and conditions involved in ‘gut health’ are multifactorial, complex, often poorly described and sometimes incorrectly interpreted,although it is evident that perturbations of the GIT can cause an imbalance and disturb the generalized homeostasis.In addition to any enteric diseases or conditions that might arise as a result of these disturbances, other influences will also impact such as the responses occurring in the GIT in the period immediately after weaning, any changes that might occur after a change in diet, and(or) disruptions to meal patterns and hence the flow of nutrients.Ultimately, ‘gut health’

关键词： Gastrointestinal tract Gut health Structure and function Pig Piglet Weaning

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Sex-based differences in histology,staging,and prognosis among 2983 gastric cancer surgery patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第9期28卷 933-947页

作者： Yonghoon Choi Nayoung kim Ki Wook kim Hyeong Ho Jo Jaehyung Park Hyuk Yoon cheol Min Shin Young Soo Park Dong Ho Lee Hyeon Jeong Oh Hye Seung Lee Young Suk Park Sang-Hoon Ahn Yun-Suhk Suh Do Joong Park Hyung-Ho kim Ji-Won kim Jin Won kim Keun-Wook Lee Won Chang Ji HoonPark Yoon Jin Lee Kyoung Ho Lee Young Hoon kim Department ofInternal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620South Korea Nayoung Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea Department of Pathology Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620South Korea Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea Department of Surgery Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620South Korea Department of Surgery Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea Department of Radiology Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620South Korea Department of Radiology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea

BACKGROUND Few studies have been conducted on sex differences in the incidence, pathophysiology, and prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To analyze the differences in GC characteristics according to sex in patients who underwent surgical treatment for GC.METHODS A total of 2983 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma who received surgical treatment at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2003 and 2017 were included.Baseline clinicopathological characteristics, histologic type of GC, overall and GC-specific survival rates, and associated risk factors were analyzed.RESULTS Among the 2983 patients, 2005(67.2%) and 978(32.8%) were males and females, respectively.The average age of the female group(59.36 years) was significantly younger than that of the male group(61.66 years;P < 0.001).Cancer of the gastric body(P < 0.001) and diffuse-type histology(P < 0.001) were more common in females than in males.This trend was more prominent in females younger than 60 years of age, with a significantly higher proportion of diffuse-type cancer than in the male group.Regardless of sex, diffuse-type GC was more common in younger patients, and the proportion of intestinal-type GC increased with age.The overall survival rate was significantly higher in females(P < 0.001).However, this difference disappeared for GC-specific survival(P = 0.168), except for the poor GC-specific survival rate in advanced-stage cancer(stage Ⅲ or above) in females(P = 0.045).The risk factors for GC-related mortality were older age, upper location of GC, and diffuse-or mixed-type histology.In terms of comorbidities, more males died from diseases other than GC, including other malignancies such as lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, and respiratory diseases such as interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while there were relatively more cardiovascular or cerebrovascular deaths in females.CONCLUSION Sex-based differences in GC were observed in clinicopathological features, includ

关键词： Gastric cancer Histology Prognosis Sex difference Survival

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Curcumin attenuates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第10期28卷 1645-1651页

作者： Jae-dong LEE cheol PARK Yung hyun CHOI Gi-young kim Department of Microbiology College of Natural Sciences Pusan National UniversityBusan 609-735 Department of Biochemistry Dongeui University College of Oriental MedicineBusan 614-054Korea Faculty of Applied Marine Science Cheju National UniversityJeju-siJeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756Korea

Aim:Pro-inflammatory mediators,such as prostaglandin E2（PGE2） and nitric oxide（NO）,and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin （IL）-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,play pivotal roles in brain injuries.The anti-inflammatory properties are knownto be associated with significant reductions in pro-inflammatory mediators in braininjuries.In the present study we investigate whether the effects of curcumin onthe production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-stimu-lated BV2 microglia.Methods:Curcumin were administered and their effects onLPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators were monitored by Western blottingand RT-PCR.Result:Curcumin significantly inhibited the release of NO,PGE2,and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner.Curcumin alsoattenuated the expressions of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNAand protein levels.Moreover,curcumin suppressed NF-kB activation via thetranslocation of p65 into the nucleus.Our data also indicate that curcumin exertsanti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the transcription of proinflammatorycytokine genes through the NF-kB signaling pathway.Conclusion:Anti-inflam-matory properties of curcumin may be useful for treating the inflammatory anddeleterious effects of microglial activation in response to LPS stimulation.

关键词： curcumin inducible nitric oxide synthase cyclooxygenase-2 pro-inflammatory cytokines NF-kB

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Stimbiotic supplementation modulated intestinal inflammatory response and improved broilers performance in an experimentally-induced necrotic enteritis infection model

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 322-338页

作者： Ji Hwan Lee Byongkon Lee Xavière Rousseau Gilson A.Gomes Han Jin Oh Yong Ju kim Se Yeon Chang Jae Woo An Young Bin Go Dong cheol Song Hyun Ah Cho Jin Ho Cho Department of Animal Science Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644South Korea. Cherrybro Co. Ltd.Jincheon‑Gun 27820South Korea. AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireUK.

Background:Two experiments were conducted to establish an optimal NE challenge model and evaluate the efficacy of stimbiotic(STB)supplementation in necrotic enteritis(NE)challenged broilers.In Exp.1,a total of 120 Arbor Acres(AA)broilers(45.0±0.21 g)were randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement.Vaccine treatments included non-challenge(0),×10 the recommended dose(×10)or×20 the recommended dose(×20)by the manufacturer.Clostridium perfringens(CP)treatments were non-challenge(No)or 3 mL of 2.2×10^(7)CFU CP challenge(Yes).In Exp.2,a total of 72 AA broilers(40.17±0.27 g)were randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement.Dietary treatments included non-additive(CON),100 mg/kg STB(STB)and 100 mg/kg STB on top of a typical commercial blend including an essential oil,probiotics,and enzyme(CB).Challenge treatments included non-NE challenge(No)and NE challenge(Yes)as established in Exp.1.Results:In Exp.1,CP and vaccine challenge decreased(P<0.05)body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)and feed intake(FI),and increased(P<0.05)the number of broilers with diarrhea and intestinal lesions.The oral administration of×20 recommended dose of vaccines coupled with 3 mL of 2.2×10^(7)CFU CP resulted in(P<0.01)a significantly increased incidence of wet litter and intestinal lesions.Thus,this treatment was chosen as the challenge model for the successful inducement of NE in Exp.2.In Exp.2,the NE challenge negatively affected(P<0.01)growth performance,ileal morphology,immunoglobulin contents in blood,caecal microbiota in the caecum,footpad dermatitis,intestinal lesion scores,tumour necrosis factor(TNF-α)and endotoxin in the serum compared with the non-NE challenged birds.The supplementation of STB and CB in diets enhanced(P<0.05)growth performance,intestinal microbiota,and blood profiles by stimulating ileal morphology(VH and VH:CD)and propionate production in the cecum,and there were no differences in measured variables between STB and CB supplemented birds.Conclusion:Overall,these results indicate

关键词： Broiler chicken Clostridium perfringens Necrotic enteritis Xylanse Xylooligosaccharide

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Parasitic Robot System for Waypoint Navigation of Turtle

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第2期14卷 327-335页

作者： Dae-Gun kim Serin Lee cheol-Hu kim Sungho Jo Phill-Seung Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea Institute for Infocomm Research 1 Fusionopolis Way #21-01 Connexis Singapore Department of Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

In research on small mobile robots and biomimetic robots, locomotion ability remains a major issue despite many advances in technology. However, evolution has led to there being many real animals capable of exceUent locomotion. This paper presents a ＂parasitic robot system＂ whereby locomotion abilities of an animal are applied to a robot task. We chose a turtle as our first host animal and designed a parasitic robot that can perform ＂operant conditioning＂. The parasitic robot, which is attached to the turtle, can induce object-tracking behavior of the turtle toward a Light Emitting Diode （LED） and positively reinforce the behavior through repeated stimulus-response interaction. After training sessions over five weeks, the robot could successfully control the direction of movement of the trained turtles in the waypoint navigation task. This hybrid animal-robot interaction system could provide an alternative solution to some of the limitations of conventional mobile robot systems in various fields, and could also act as a useful interaction system for the behavioral sciences.

关键词： parasitic robot operant conditioning waypoint navigation red-eared slider trachemys scripta elegans

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The Phytophthora nucleolar effector Pi23226 targets host ribosome biogenesis to induce necrotrophic cell death

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Plant Communications 2023年第5期4卷 263-276页

作者： Soeui Lee Jaehwan kim Myung-Shin kim cheol Woo Min Sun Tae kim Sang-Bong Choi Joo Hyun Lee Doil Choi Plant Immunity Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Department of AgricultureForestry and BioresourcesCollege of Agriculture and Life ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Programs in Agricultural Genomics College of Agriculture and Life ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Plant Bioscience Life and Industry Convergence Research InstitutePusan National UniversityMiryang 50463Republic of Korea Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics Myongji UniversityYongin 449-728Republic of Korea

Pathogen effectors target diverse subcellular organelles to manipulate the plant immune system.Although the nucleolus has emerged as a stress marker and several effectors are localized in the nucleolus,the roles of nucleolar-targeted effectors remain elusive.In this study,we showed that Phytophthora infestans infection of Nicotiana benthamiana results in nucleolar inflation during the transition from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase.Multiple P.infestans effectors were localized in the nucleolus:Pi23226 induced cell death in N.benthamiana and nucleolar inflation similar to that observed in the necrotrophic stage of infection,whereas its homolog Pi23015 and a deletion mutant(Pi23226DC)did not induce cell death or affect nucleolar size.RNA immunoprecipitation and individual-nucleotide-resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis indicated that Pi23226 bound to the 30 end of 25S rRNA precursors,resulting in accumulation of unprocessed 27S pre-rRNAs.The nucleolar stress marker NAC082 was strongly upregulated under Pi23226-expressing conditions.Pi23226 subsequently inhibited global protein translation in host cells by interacting with ribosomes.Pi23226 enhanced P.infestans pathogenicity,indicating that Pi23226-induced ribosome malfunction and cell death were beneficial for pathogenesis in the host.Our results provide evidence for the molecular mechanism underlying RNA-binding effector activity in host ribosome biogenesis and lead to new insights into the nucleolar action of effectors in pathogenesis.

关键词： Phytophthora infestans hemibiotroph nucleolar effector cell death ribosome biogenesis translation inhibition

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MRI of gastric carcinoma:Results of T and N-staging in an in vitro study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 3992-3998页

作者： Il Young kim Sang Won kim Hyeong cheol Shin Moon Soo Lee Dong Jun Jeong Chang Jin kim Young Tong kim Department of Radiology Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital23-20 BongmyungdongCheonanChoongnam 330-720South Korea Department of Surgery Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital23-20 BongmyungdongCheonanChoongnam 330-720South Korea Department of Pathology Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital23-20 BongmyungdongCheonanChoongnam 330-720South Korea

AIM:To determine the accuracy of 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of gastric wall invasion and perigastric lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS: Twenty resected gastric specimens containing 20 tumors were studied with a 1.5-T MR system using a commercial head surface coil. MR scanning was performed with a T1 weighted image (TR/TE = 500/20), and a T2 weighted image (TR/TE=2500/90). MR findings were compared with pathologic findings.RESULTS: A T1-weighted image demonstrated three layers in the normal gastric wall. All of the gastric tumors were well demonstrated by lesions and location. In a MRI findings of gastric wall invasion, there was 1 case of T1, 7 of T2, 11 of T3. Pathologic results of resected specimens included 3 cases of pT1, 4 of pT2, and 12 of pT3. The accuracy of T staging with MRI was 74% (14 of 19). MRI findings of lymph node me-tastasis included 6 cases of N0, 13 cases of N1. The accuracy of the N staging with MRI was 47% (9 of 19).CONCLUSION: MRI has a high diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of the T staging of gastric cancer in vitro and thus potentially enables preoperative histo-pathologic staging.

关键词： MRI 胃癌体外图像显示磁共振成像评估精度共振系统手术切除

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Comparison of Aerodynamic Forces and Moments Calculated by Three-dimensional Unsteady Blade Element Theory and Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第4期14卷 746-758页

作者： Loan Thi kim Au Hoang Vu Phan Hoon cheol Park Department of Advanced Technology Fusion and Artificial Muscle Research Center Konkuk University Seoul Korea

In previous work, we modified blade element theory by implementing three-dimensional wing kinematics and modeled the unsteady aerodynamic effects by adding the added mass and rotational forces. This method is referred to as Unsteady Blade Element Theory （UBET）. A comparison between UBET and Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） for flapping wings with high flapping frequencies （〉30 Hz） could not be found in literature survey. In this paper, UBET that considers the movement of pressure center in pitching-moment estimation was validated using the CFD method. We investigated three three-dimensional （3D） wing kinematics that produce negative, zero, and positive aerodynamic pitching moments. For all cases, the instantaneous aerodynamic forces and pitching moments estimated via UBET and CFD showed similar trends. The differences in average vertical forces and pitching moments about the center of gravity were about 10% and 12%, respectively. Therefore, UBET is proven to reasonably estimate the aerodynamic forces and pitching moment for flight dynamic study of FW-MAV. However, the differences in average wing drags and pitching moments about the feather axis were more than 20%. Since study of aerodynamic power requires reasonable estimation of wing drag and pitching moment about the feather axis, UBET needs further im- provement for hilzher accuracy.

关键词： blade element theory unsteady computational fluid dynamics flapping wings biomimetic

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Nanograin network memory with reconfigurable percolation paths for synaptic interactions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1040-1050页

作者： Hoo-cheol Lee Jungkil kim Ha-Reem kim Kyoung-Ho kim Kyung-Jun Park Jae-Pil So Jung Min Lee Min-Soo Hwang Hong-Gyu Park Department of Physics Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Physics Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Republic of Korea

The development of memory devices with functions that simultaneously process and store data is required for efficient computation.To achieve this,artificial synaptic devices have been proposed because they can construct hybrid networks with biological neurons and perform neuromorphic computation.However,irreversible aging of these electrical devices causes unavoidable performance degradation.Although several photonic approaches to controlling currents have been suggested,suppression of current levels and switching of analog conductance in a simple photonic manner remain challenging.Here,we demonstrated a nanograin network memory using reconfigurable percolation paths in a single Si nanowire with solid core/porous shell and pure solid core segments.The electrical and photonic control of current percolation paths enabled the analog and reversible adjustment of the persistent current level,exhibiting memory behavior and current suppression in this single nanowire device.In addition,the synaptic behaviors of memory and erasure were demonstrated through potentiation and habituation processes.Photonic habituation was achieved using laser illumination on the porous nanowire shell,with a linear decrease in the postsynaptic current.Furthermore,synaptic elimination was emulated using two adjacent devices interconnected on a single nanowire.Therefore,electrical and photonic reconfiguration of the conductive paths in Si nanograin networks will pave the way for next-generation nanodevice technologies.

关键词： electrical percolation network

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Longitudinal Flight Dynamic Analysis on Vertical Takeoff of a Tailless Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第2期15卷 283-297页

作者： Loan Thi kim Au Vu Hoang Phan Hoon cheol Park Department of Advanced Technology Fusion and Artificial Muscle Research Center Konkuk University Seou105029 Korea

This paper first analyzed the longitudinal dynamic behavior during vertical takeoff without control of a Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle （FW-MAV）. The standard linear flight dynamics based on small disturbances from trim condition was not applicable for our analysis because the initial flight condition, which was at rest on the ground, could be such a large disturbance from the trim condition that the linearization is invalid. Therefore, we derived linearized Equations of Motion （EoM） which can treat an untrimmed flight condition as a reference for disturbances. The Computational Fluid Dynamic （CFD） software ANSYS Fluent was used to compute the aerodynamic forces and pitching moments. Three flight modes were found： a fast subsidence mode, a slow subsidence mode and a divergence oscil- latory mode. Due to divergence oscillatory mode, the deviation from the reference flight grew with time; the FW-MAV tumbled without control. The simulation showed for the first 0.5 second after leaving the ground （the time that is long enough for delay of feedback control）, the FW-MAV flew up to a height of 6 cm with small horizontal and pitching motion, which is close to a vertical flight.

关键词： bioinspired FW-MAV flight dynamics vertical takeoff CFD linear theory

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